CN1136839A - Wet air cooling tower comprising anti-freeze device - Google Patents
Wet air cooling tower comprising anti-freeze device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1136839A CN1136839A CN95191005A CN95191005A CN1136839A CN 1136839 A CN1136839 A CN 1136839A CN 95191005 A CN95191005 A CN 95191005A CN 95191005 A CN95191005 A CN 95191005A CN 1136839 A CN1136839 A CN 1136839A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- height
- net
- main body
- compartment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
- F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
- F28C1/12—Arrangements for preventing clogging by frost
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
- F28F27/003—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Wet cooling tower comprising an exchange body (20), a water dispensing network above the exchange body provided with valves (16) supplying each of the water nozzles located above a section of the exchange body to form cooling cells which can be isolated, and a manifold for water which has flowed through the water exchange and pumping body directing the water collected towards the dispensing network. The cooling tower comprises static means for automatic limitation. The increase in the hydrostatic pressure applied to the nozzles beyond a given value, above the value attained when all the cells are operational, is automatically static limited. Part of the water flow which is brought to the distribution level, is therefore bypassed upon exceeding a given value.
Description
The present invention relates to air cooling compressor, described air cooling compressor comprises exchange main body (being made up of water flow structure), distributing net and catchments and pumping water device, the distributing net is installed in the top of exchange main body and is furnished with the valve that supplies water to each spray nozzle, spray nozzle is installed in the top of exchange main body different piece, to constitute the cooling compartment, catchment and pumping water device is collected the water of the exchange main body of flowing through, and with water pump to the distributing net.
Industrial, discharge heat and do not have the directly exchange with it of enough water when needs, just use this cooling tower.Described cooling tower is especially for thermoelectric central station, with the auxiliary piping of cooling main condenser and/or central station.
With regard to air cooling compressor, some air cooling compressor is gravity-flow ventilation, can make air carry out circulation against current or perpendicular to current around the passage that exchanges main body.Some other air cooling compressor is force ventilated, and air blast or air exhauster make air circulation.
There are some problems in the wet type air cooling tower in using, and one of them problem is when air themperature is lower than 0 ℃, to have the icing danger of flowing water.Water freezes in the exchange main body, and can damage the exchange main body owing to the weight of icing cause mechanical overload.In addition, the existence of ice hinders air to be passed through, and therefore influences cooling effect.
As recurrent situation, communicate, when thermal power is reduced to the rated power that is significantly less than cooling tower described this problem especially severe when existing with very low temperature.When this situation may occur in the auxiliary piping cooling of described central station especially.In the long time cycle, the power that consumes in the work may be lower than 10% of the definite peak power of air cooling compressor.
In order to address this problem, people have proposed various solutions.People are special to propose to make part exchange main body not work, and only supplies water to some compartment.Adopt under the force ventilated situation at cooling tower, people can stop simultaneously and make the flow through ventilation blower of respective compartment of air.There is significant deficiency in this scheme.Directly be not sent to captation if enter the water of some compartment, so, the temperature of the water of collection improves rapidly, and this is normally unacceptable.But if whole discharges are sent to some compartment, so, the loss of flood peak greatly increases, and this will change the duty of pump, improves the hydrostatic pressure to nozzle, if improve too muchly, the mechanical performance of nozzle may suffer damage.According to this reason, in fact, this method can only reduce 50% of exchange surface at the most.In this case, if air themperature is-20 ℃, can avoid the minimum thermal power of ice hazard to be not less than a few tenths of of rated power.
Such air cooling compressor of determining above the present invention aims to provide, described air cooling compressor is reducing aspect the ice hazard than the more realistic requirement of known existing cooling tower.For this reason, the present invention especially proposes to reduce owing to supply water and the rising of hydrostatic pressure that described nozzle is produced to the nozzle with metered flow, and does not increase active device, promptly needs the device of remote control and/or work energy.
The present invention especially proposes a kind of top such air cooling compressor of determining, it is characterized in that, it comprises when being applied to the hydrostatic head (or pressure altitude) on the described nozzle in case surpass determined value, during the value that reaches during greater than the work of all compartments, the staticizer of the hydrostatic hydraulic pressure that volitional check increases, described staticizer is used for a part being guided into the discharge of water distribution height and shunting from surpassing determined value.
In first embodiment, put the overfall between water tower and some return pipes between described staticizer comprises, water tower is supplied water by pumping installations, supplies water to the distributing net by captation, return pipe is around in running order nozzle, and overfall is on the height of corresponding described determined value.
This cooling tower can also comprise the isocon towards captation shunting, and the residing height of its high point can be higher than the height of distributing net inlet captation, is lower than the height of overfall, so as bypass flow in addition reached determined value before just begin to intervene.This conduit can have very little cross section, because the purpose of described conduit only is used to avoid the dead point of captation.
In another embodiment, cooling tower is comprising at least one auxiliary ligand network of rivers in some compartment at least, be configured to several portions, each part all links to each other with pilot jet, all continuous with compartment separately, all with the parallel water supply of the appropriate section of main distributing net, described auxiliary net is used to have only when hydraulic pressure head reaches by the fixing height of the height point of described auxiliary net and just supplies water to pilot jet.
Two top embodiment can make up, and first embodiment is replenished by auxiliary net.
By the description of accompanying drawing and unrestricted embodiment, the present invention will be understood preferably.
Accompanying drawing is as follows:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the possible structure of air cooling compressor switch in the first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the front view of the forced ventilation formula switch that can implement of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the front view that is particularly useful for the natural ventilation type switch that is similar to Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the front view that is similar to another embodiment of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the view of another the natural ventilation type switch that can implement of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of distribution network and air cooling compressor exchange main body among Fig. 5.
Heat-exchange device shown in Fig. 1 and hydraulic system especially can be provided to the natural ventilation type air cooling compressor, and it comprises unshowned passage, although described heat-exchange device and hydraulic system also are applicable to induced draft cooling tower.Described heat-exchange device and hydraulic system comprise water tower 10, and the water that cool off is sent in the described water tower 10 by one or several pumps 12.Water tower supplies water to a water collector 14 at least, is connected on the water collector and the as many isocon of compartment, and compartment can quit work separately.In general each isocon is furnished with is remotely-controlled water intaking valve 16.Water intaking valve supplies water to the nozzle 18 of configuration, and nozzle is installed in the top of exchange main body 20, and the water of shunting flows on the exchange main body, and in the middle cooling that contacts with the circulation air that rises along arrow f.Cooling water is collected in the water leg 22, and water quickens by circulating pump 24 in water leg, and circulating pump is sent to switch with water, and water carried out preheating in switch before coming back to water tower.The pump 12 and 24 that can replace series connection with a same pump.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 1, stationary member comprises overfall 26, and described stationary member reduces to be applied to the hydrostatic pressure on all the other nozzles when some valve cuts out.In case the height exceedance h of water in the water tower
0, the part hot water by pump 12 delivery is to passage 28 shuntings, conduit 30 from here directly with the water delivery to water leg 22.The proportional increase of square root of the flow of overflow wave and its thickness deltat h.Therefore, have at overfall under the condition of sufficient length, head can be limited to and be slightly larger than h
0Value.
In addition, static component can also comprise one or several drainpipes 32.When the hydrostatic head surpasses height h '
1, be lower than h
0, but when being higher than the hydrostatic head that is provided by pump 12 when the work of all compartments, drainpipe 32 will directly be sent into water leg 22 (solid line sign) or passage 28 (dotted line sign) from the water of water collector 14.Therefore, conduit has elbow 34, and forming highly is h '
1High point.
For avoiding drainpipe 32 to form in case connect the siphon pipe that just forever supplies water, ventilation duct 36 is configured in high some place.Described ventilation duct leads to and is higher than h
0Height, overflow by ventilation duct to avoid water.In some cases, elbow also can avoid passage 28 to supply water to captation.
In another embodiment, water collector 14 is directly supplied water by pump 12.Overfall 26 is positioned at an end opposite with water collector.
According to the air cooling compressor among the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 is the forced ventilation formula, and two compartments intactly are shown among the figure, and air cooling compressor all comprises an air exhauster 40 for each compartment.Air enters the compartment between the deflector 42, and stream circulation against the current is sent to outdoor by ventilation blower 40 in exchange main body 20.The water intaking valve 16 of each compartment supplies water to the sparge pipe major network of being furnished with nozzle 18, and in general, nozzle is positioned at sustained height, is installed in the top of exchange main body 20.The water that flows out from the exchange main body is collected in the water leg 44, and passage 46 is connected with total water leg.But the exchange main body of all compartments can directly be configured in the top of same water leg.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, static component comprises the auxiliary net of the conduit that is supplied water by water dispensing apparatus 48, and described water dispensing apparatus is supplied water by the rise manifold 50 in the downstream that is positioned at valve 16 on the major network.Described water dispensing apparatus comprises h
1High point on the height, after high some position was determined, it was by leading to height h
2On ventilating duct 36 be connected with atmosphere.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the nozzle 52 of auxiliary net is installed in the top of nozzle 18, and water dispensing apparatus 48 is installed in more than the height of major network water dispensing apparatus.This layout (and nozzle 52 is positioned at the layout under the nozzle 18) can reduce the loss of flood peak by air.Also two distributing nets can be installed on the sustained height.
Fig. 3 only illustrates the distributing net of compartment, and the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 is different from the embodiment shown in Fig. 2.All use same label to indicate corresponding to the parts among Fig. 2 among Fig. 3, the exchange main body of compartment vertically is divided into two stacked current zone 20a and 20b.The installation in the auxiliary ligand network of rivers makes it to bottom current zone 20b water spray.This layout has improved the efficient of defroster.
In another embodiment shown in Fig. 4, water tower supplies water to passage 54, the 16 pairs of compartment effects of valve by separately of each passage.Main water dispensing apparatus is from channel bottom 54.The auxiliary water level of water dispensing apparatus 42 in passage surpasses height h
3The time, supply water by passage.In this case, there is no need to be provided with the ventilating duct on high point and the water dispensing apparatus 48, and replace being connected of passage 54 and free air.
At last, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate the possible embodiment that uses natural draft cooling tower of the present invention, and natural draft cooling tower has the passage 56 of a universal architecture.This passage disposes on the ground by the circulating line that freely enters air.Described passage comprises the exchange main body that is for example formed by the lath grid.This exchange main body is divided into some compartments by dividing plate 60.Under situation shown in Figure 6, dividing plate 60 limits central compartment and six peripheral compartments.Dividing plate 60 almost seals, and they begin vertically to extend until the top of distributing net conduit from the exchange bottom part body.Center water tower 10 supplies water to the part net that is exclusively used in each compartment by nozzle or the conduit of being furnished with water intaking valve 16.These conduits supply water to water dispensing apparatus, and described water dispensing apparatus has the structure that a kind of front was described.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, central compartment includes only main distributing net.On the contrary, each peripheral compartment comprises main water dispensing apparatus on the one hand, then comprises auxiliary water dispensing apparatus 48 on the other hand, and auxiliary water dispensing apparatus has high point, and universal architecture can be a structure shown in Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, when having only some compartment to have auxiliary net, when antifreeze if desired, the compartment of Pei Beiing should not separate with the former.
The present invention can have some other embodiment.For example Fig. 2 can be arranged on the air cooling compressor with universal architecture shown in Figure 1 to such auxiliary net shown in Figure 5.In this case, rise manifold is located at the downstream of some valve 16 at least, supplies water to pilot jet.The height point of manifold must be lower than h
0On the contrary, when all compartments carried out work by the unlatching of valve 16 simultaneously, described high point should be more than the height that water reached in water tower 10.
Some manifolds that the height point of differing heights arranged can also be arranged on the downstream of water intaking valve.
Also can be only be equipped with and be used for antifreeze auxiliary net, that is to say, in the part of at first passing through of exchange main body by cold air in the sensitive portions of exchange main body.The present invention is applicable to the known air exchanging apparatus of any kind, especially both has been applicable to cross ventilation formula air cooling compressor, also is applicable to ventilation by forced draft formula air cooling compressor.In addition, the present invention can be combined in and be used for preventing the device that freezes at inlet, for example, at the inlet of air cooling compressor, with the cascade row of uncolled water to air duct.
Claims (12)
1. air cooling compressor, it comprises exchange main body (20), distributing net and catchmenting and pumping water device (22,24,12,10), described distributing net is installed in the top of exchange main body and is furnished with the valve (16) that supplies water to each spray nozzle, described spray nozzle is installed in the top of exchange main body different piece, to constitute the cooling compartment, described catchmenting collected the water of the exchange main body of flowing through with pumping water device, and with water to the distributing net pumping, it is characterized in that, it comprises when being applied to the hydrostatic head on the described nozzle in case surpass determined value, during the value that reaches during greater than the work of all compartments, the staticizer of the hydrostatic head that increases with regard to volitional check, described staticizer is used for a part being guided into the discharge of water distribution height and shunting from surpassing determined value.
2. cooling tower according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between comprising, puts described staticizer the overfall (26) between water tower (10) and some return pipes (30), described water tower is supplied water by pumping installations (12) and supplies water to the distributing net, described return pipe is around in running order nozzle, and described overfall is in corresponding described determined value (h
0) height on.
3. cooling tower according to claim 2 is characterized in that, it comprises also that towards the isocon (32) of captation shunting the residing height of its high point is higher than the height of distributing net inlet captation, is lower than the height of overfall.
4. cooling tower according to claim 3 is characterized in that, high point is furnished with ventilation duct (36), and described ventilation duct leads to the height that is higher than overfall.
5. cooling tower according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described staticizer is comprising at least one auxiliary ligand network of rivers in some compartment at least, be configured to several portions, each part all links to each other with pilot jet, and is all continuous with compartment separately, all with the parallel water supply of the appropriate section of main distributing net, described auxiliary net is used to have only when hydraulic pressure head reaches the height of being fixed by the height point of described auxiliary net, just supplies water to pilot jet.
6. cooling tower according to claim 5 is characterized in that, it is provided with some auxiliary ligand networks of rivers with height point of differing heights.
7. according to claim 5 or 6 described cooling towers, it is characterized in that the described nozzle in the auxiliary ligand network of rivers is installed on the intermediate altitude of exchange main body, so that only to the lower part (20b) of exchange main body water spray.
8. according to claim 5 or 6 described cooling towers, it is characterized in that the auxiliary ligand network of rivers is installed on the height that is lower than main distributing net, supplies water by height point.
9. according to claim 5 or 6 described cooling towers, it is characterized in that the auxiliary ligand network of rivers is installed on the height that is higher than main distributing net.
10. air cooling compressor, it comprises flowing structure, at least one main distributing net, and catchment and pumping installations (22a, 24,12,10), described main distributing net is installed in the top of exchange main body, is furnished with valve (16), each valve supplies water to spray nozzle, described nozzle is installed in the top of the appropriate section of exchange main body, to constitute the cooling compartment, described catchment and pumping installations is collected the water of the exchange main body of flowing through and with the water collected to the distributing net pumping, it is characterized in that, it has at least one auxiliary ligand network of rivers in some compartment at least, be configured to several portions, each part all links to each other with the pilot jet of corresponding compartment, all with the parallel water supply of the appropriate section of main distributing net, described auxiliary net has only when the hydraulic pressure head that is applied to compartment reaches and resembles water level when reaching the such numerical value of the height point of auxiliary net, and ability supplies water to pilot jet.
11. cooling tower according to claim 10 is characterized in that, high point is furnished with ventilation duct (36), and described ventilation duct leads to the height that is higher than the overfall that limits head.
12., it is characterized in that the nozzle in the auxiliary ligand network of rivers only is positioned to and sprays water to the part of exchange lower body part according to claim 5,10 or 11 described cooling towers.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR94/10717 | 1994-09-07 | ||
| FR9410717A FR2724220A1 (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1994-09-07 | WET ATMOSPHERIC REFRIGERANT WITH ANTIFREEZE DEVICE |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1136839A true CN1136839A (en) | 1996-11-27 |
Family
ID=9466763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95191005A Pending CN1136839A (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1995-09-05 | Wet air cooling tower comprising anti-freeze device |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0727033A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1136839A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2175931A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2724220A1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL314233A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996007863A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102338591A (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-01 | 河南省电力勘测设计院 | Automatic deicing device of natural draft cooling tower and deicing method thereof |
| CN102829649A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-12-19 | 上海金日冷却设备有限公司 | Anti-freezing device for closed cooling tower |
| CN103471422A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2013-12-25 | 德州贝诺风力机械设备有限公司 | Opening-and-closing energy-saving cooling tower |
| CN104677174A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-03 | 芜湖凯博实业股份有限公司 | Cooling tower water collecting device and control method thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19651848C1 (en) * | 1996-12-13 | 1998-04-02 | Balcke Duerr Gmbh | Forced ventilated cooling tower |
| FR2758622B1 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1999-04-09 | Hamon Ind Thermique | LIQUID DISTRIBUTION NETWORK FOR ATMOSPHERIC REFRIGERANT |
| CN102413661B (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2016-05-11 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Data center |
| DK2696159T3 (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2017-11-20 | A-Heat Allied Heat Exchange Tech Ag | Heat exchanger and method for wetting heat exchangers |
| CN107246374B (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-10-09 | 深圳市东方祺胜实业有限公司 | Compressor radiator |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE413503C (en) * | 1924-07-11 | 1925-05-12 | Gustav Hilger | Chimney cooler |
| US3322409A (en) * | 1964-09-08 | 1967-05-30 | Marley Co | Water control apparatus for crossflow cooling tower |
| FR2593902B1 (en) * | 1986-02-06 | 1989-07-13 | Electricite De France | CROSS-CURRENT ATMOSPHERIC REFRIGERATOR WITH AN ANTIFREEZE SYSTEM |
-
1994
- 1994-09-07 FR FR9410717A patent/FR2724220A1/en active Granted
-
1995
- 1995-09-05 PL PL95314233A patent/PL314233A1/en unknown
- 1995-09-05 CN CN95191005A patent/CN1136839A/en active Pending
- 1995-09-05 EP EP95929928A patent/EP0727033A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-09-05 WO PCT/FR1995/001148 patent/WO1996007863A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-09-05 CA CA002175931A patent/CA2175931A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102338591A (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-02-01 | 河南省电力勘测设计院 | Automatic deicing device of natural draft cooling tower and deicing method thereof |
| CN102338591B (en) * | 2010-07-29 | 2012-12-12 | 河南省电力勘测设计院 | Automatic deicing device of natural draft cooling tower and deicing method thereof |
| CN102829649A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2012-12-19 | 上海金日冷却设备有限公司 | Anti-freezing device for closed cooling tower |
| CN103471422A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2013-12-25 | 德州贝诺风力机械设备有限公司 | Opening-and-closing energy-saving cooling tower |
| CN103471422B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2016-06-01 | 德州贝诺风力机械设备有限公司 | Open and close type energy-saving cooling tower |
| CN104677174A (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-06-03 | 芜湖凯博实业股份有限公司 | Cooling tower water collecting device and control method thereof |
| CN104677174B (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2017-03-22 | 芜湖凯博实业股份有限公司 | Cooling tower water collecting device and control method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1996007863A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
| FR2724220A1 (en) | 1996-03-08 |
| EP0727033A1 (en) | 1996-08-21 |
| PL314233A1 (en) | 1996-09-02 |
| CA2175931A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
| FR2724220B1 (en) | 1997-02-14 |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |