CN113676265B - Method for determining power gain of active monopole antenna - Google Patents
Method for determining power gain of active monopole antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113676265B CN113676265B CN202110916353.6A CN202110916353A CN113676265B CN 113676265 B CN113676265 B CN 113676265B CN 202110916353 A CN202110916353 A CN 202110916353A CN 113676265 B CN113676265 B CN 113676265B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/391—Modelling the propagation channel
- H04B17/3912—Simulation models, e.g. distribution of spectral power density or received signal strength indicator [RSSI] for a given geographic region
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the power gain of an active monopole antenna, which comprises the following steps: step 1: assuming that the input port of the active network is 1 port, the output port is 2 ports, and measuring four components of scattering parameters of two ports of the active network by using a network analyzer; step 2: obtaining an input reflection coefficient of a passive vibrator end and an input reflection coefficient of a load end; step 3: the electric performance of the passive oscillator is calculated in a simulation mode, and the direction coefficient and the efficiency of the passive oscillator of the active monopole antenna are obtained; step 4: the power gain of the active monopole antenna is calculated. The method for determining the power gain of the active monopole antenna combines measured data and calculated data, has simple principle, does not need special instrument and equipment, and has strong operability and high accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a method for determining power gain of an active monopole antenna in the field.
Background
The active monopole antenna is a common antenna form of a short wave receiving antenna, and combines a passive oscillator (such as a monopole antenna of a whip antenna and the like) with an active network, wherein the active network plays roles of protection, matching and amplification, the passive oscillator becomes an input part of the active network, the active network can be regarded as a loading network of the passive oscillator, the bandwidth and gain disadvantages of the passive oscillator antenna are compensated through the amplification of the active network, the impedance characteristic of the passive oscillator is improved, the working frequency band is widened, the signal-to-noise ratio of the active monopole antenna and the whole receiving system is improved, higher gain is obtained, and the miniaturization of the antenna is realized. As shown in the active monopole antenna schematic block diagram of FIG. 1, the signal flow of the active monopole antenna is that the radio frequency signal is induced by the passive vibrator, and is transmitted to the receiver through the feeder after passing through the active network with the composite functions of protection, input matching, amplification, output matching and the like.
Because the matching mode adopted by the common shortwave active monopole antenna is neither power matching nor noise matching, but voltage matching, the impedance mismatch between the active network and the passive oscillator is serious, the power gain of the active monopole antenna is obtained by adopting the simulation calculation in the conventional method, or the S scattering parameter of the active network is directly tested by adopting a network analyzer, and the |S obtained by the test is utilized 21 | 2 The gain multiplied by the passive element serves as the power gain of the active monopole antenna. The former method completely passes simulation calculation, but some devices contained in the active network are difficult to accurately model, such as a transmission line impedance converter and the like, so that errors are large, and the latter method combines measured data, but the conventional method is imperfect in processing due to serious mismatch between an input end of the active network and a test port of a network analyzer, so that great errors are brought to subsequent short-wave communication link design and project demonstration. It is clearly necessary to design a device that can accurately determine the activityA method of monopole antenna power gain to provide guidance and reference for index assignment and project demonstration of short wave communication links.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for determining the power gain of an active monopole antenna.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a method for determining the power gain of an active monopole antenna, the improvement comprising the steps of:
step 1: assuming that the input port of the active network is 1 port, the output port is 2 ports, and four components S of scattering parameters of two ports S of the active network are measured by using a network analyzer 11 、S 12 、S 21 And S is 22 ；
Step 2: measuring input impedance of passive vibrator and load by network analyzer, respectively marked as Z g And Z L By using
Obtaining the input reflection coefficient gamma of the passive vibrator end g And load side input reflection coefficient Γ L Combining with the definition of the S parameter, the efficiency K of the active network is obtained as follows: />
Step 3: the electric performance of the passive oscillator is calculated in a simulation mode, and the direction coefficient D and the efficiency eta of the passive oscillator of the active monopole antenna are obtained;
step 4: power gain G of active monopole antenna a Determined by the following formula:
When the load ends are completely matched, i.e. Γ L Power gain G of active monopole antenna =0 a The method is simplified as follows:
the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method for determining the power gain of the active monopole antenna disclosed by the invention combines the working principle of the short-wave active monopole antenna, fully considers the impedance mismatch condition of each port, and calculates the data by utilizing the actually measured impedance data of the active monopole antenna and the S scattering parameter of the active network to obtain the power gain of the active monopole antenna. The method combines measured data and calculated data, has simple principle, strong operability and high accuracy without adopting special instruments and equipment, and the deduced and calculated power gain of the active monopole antenna can provide guidance and reference for index allocation and project demonstration of a short-wave communication link so as to reasonably allocate the technical indexes of each part of an active network and a passive vibrator according to the gain requirement of the short-wave communication link on the active monopole antenna, thereby purposefully carrying out corresponding parameter design and avoiding resource waste caused by overlarge design margin. The development period of the project can be shortened, and the application capability of the project is obviously enhanced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of an active monopole antenna;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the transmission of signals before and after an active network.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
From antenna theory, one important parameter characterizing antenna performance is power gain. It is a relative value that is compared to an ideal point source antenna. It is defined as: under the condition of the same input power, the ratio of the power density obtained by a receiving point of the researched antenna in the maximum radiation direction to the power density obtained by an ideal point source antenna in the same receiving point. Based on the antenna principle knowledge, the power gain G of a passive element is equal to the product of its direction coefficient D and the efficiency η, i.e. g=dη.
For an active monopole antenna, it is composed of a passive element and an active network, and the efficiency of the active network should be included in addition to the gain of the passive element. At this time, the power gain of the active monopole antenna is available as G a =kd η, where K is the efficiency of the active network. It has no direct relation with the direction coefficient, efficiency of the passive oscillator, but they each affect the total gain in a different way. Since the direction coefficient D and the efficiency η of the passive oscillator are generally obtained by calculation, when the efficiency K of the active network can be accurately tested, the power gain of the active monopole antenna can be determined.
From the perspective of the receiving antenna, the passive oscillator is equivalent to voltage E and internal resistance Z g Voltage source, Z g Is the complex impedance that varies with frequency. When the passive oscillator and the load (i.e. the receiver) are inserted into the active network with the functions of protection, input matching, amplification and output matching, in order to determine the efficiency of the active network and further determine the power gain of the active monopole antenna, a plurality of matching problems of the passive oscillator, the active network, the load and a test system are also involved, and when the relevant impedance data of the active monopole antenna and the S parameter of the active network can be accurately tested, the power gain of the active monopole antenna can be obtained through processing.
In embodiment 1, the present embodiment discloses a method for determining the power gain of an active monopole antenna, which is based on actually measured scattering parameters of two ports S of an active network, input impedance of a passive oscillator, input impedance of a load, and direction coefficient and efficiency of the passive oscillator calculated by simulation, and deduces and calculates the power gain of the active monopole antenna.
As shown in fig. 2, assume that the input port of the active network is 1 port, the output port is 2 port, a 1 、b 1 An incident amplitude and an emergent amplitude of 1 port respectively, a 2 、b 2 An incident amplitude and an emergent amplitude of 2 ports respectively, b g Representing passive oscillator energy providing to non-reflective active networkIs used for the signal amplitude of the (a). Also assume Γ 1 Is the input reflection coefficient of the 1 port of the active network, Γ g 、Γ L Input reflection coefficients of the passive oscillator end and the load end respectively, S 11 、S 12 、S 21 And S is 22 Four components representing the scattering parameters of the active network two-port S. The power P of the passive vibrator A The method comprises the following steps:
net power P absorbed by load 2 The method comprises the following steps: p (P) 2 ＝|b 2 | 2 -|a 2 | 2 ＝|b 2 | 2 (1-|Γ L | 2 )。
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: measuring four components S of scattering parameters of two ports S of active network by using network analyzer 11 、S 12 、S 21 And S is 22 ；
Step 2: measuring input impedance of passive vibrator and load by network analyzer, respectively marked as Z g And Z L By using
Obtaining the input reflection coefficient gamma of the passive vibrator end g And load side input reflection coefficient Γ L Combining with the definition of the S parameter, the efficiency K of the active network is obtained as follows: />
Step 3: the electric performance of the passive oscillator is calculated in a simulation mode, and the direction coefficient D and the efficiency eta of the passive oscillator of the active monopole antenna are obtained;
step 4: power gain G of active monopole antenna a Determined by the following formula:
When the load ends are completely matched, i.e. Γ L Power gain G of active monopole antenna =0 a The method is simplified as follows:
at this time, only the component S of the scattering parameter of the two ports S of the active network is measured 11 、S 21 The passive vibrator end inputs a reflection coefficient gamma g And the power gain G of the active monopole antenna can be calculated by simulating and calculating the passive oscillator direction coefficient D and the efficiency eta a 。
Based on the steps, the power gain of the active monopole antenna can be accurately calculated by combining the actually measured input impedance, the S scattering parameter of the active network, the calculated passive oscillator direction coefficient D and the calculated efficiency eta, the influence caused by impedance mismatch of each port is fully considered, the operability is high, the accuracy is high, the deduced and calculated power gain of the active monopole antenna can provide guidance and reference for index distribution and project demonstration of a short-wave communication link, the development period of the project is shortened, and the method has very strong practicability.
Claims (1)
1. A method of determining the power gain of an active monopole antenna comprising the steps of:
step 1: assuming that the input port of the active network is 1 port, the output port is 2 ports, and four components S of scattering parameters of two ports S of the active network are measured by using a network analyzer 11 、S 12 、S 21 And S is 22 ；
Step 2: measuring input impedance of passive vibrator and load by network analyzer, respectively marked as Z g And Z L By using
Obtaining the input reflection coefficient gamma of the passive vibrator end g And load side input reflection coefficient Γ L Combining with the definition of the S parameter, the efficiency K of the active network is obtained as follows: />
Step 3: the electric performance of the passive oscillator is calculated in a simulation mode, and the direction coefficient D and the efficiency eta of the passive oscillator of the active monopole antenna are obtained;
step 4: power gain G of active monopole antenna a Determined by the following formula:
When the load ends are completely matched, i.e. Γ L Power gain G of active monopole antenna =0 a The method is simplified as follows:
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