CN113674997B - Electrolyte of long-life liquid capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Electrolyte of long-life liquid capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113674997B
CN113674997B CN202110887731.2A CN202110887731A CN113674997B CN 113674997 B CN113674997 B CN 113674997B CN 202110887731 A CN202110887731 A CN 202110887731A CN 113674997 B CN113674997 B CN 113674997B
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electrolyte
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acid
solute
solvent
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CN113674997A (en
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蔡锦丰
彭小昕
蓝云鹏
夏凯翔
夏静
夏浩午
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Yiyang Wanjingyuan Electronics Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004Details
    • H01G9/022Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/035Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/145Liquid electrolytic capacitors

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of main solvent, 10-25 parts of auxiliary solvent, 8-20 parts of main solute, 4-10 parts of auxiliary solute, 5-15 parts of flash voltage improver, 0.5-3 parts of hydrogen scavenger, 1-5 parts of amylose and 1-2 parts of polyacrylic acid. In the invention, amylose is added into the electrolyte, and the amylose is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, so that the moisture in the electrolyte is consumed; meanwhile, glucose generated by amylose hydrolysis can be used as a waterproof agent of the electrolyte, and the property of the electrolyte is not influenced; and a small amount of polyacrylic acid is added to serve as a crosslinking agent of starch, and the crosslinking agent and the starch form a starch-polyacrylic acid crosslinked body, so that the pressure resistance of the electrolyte can be improved. Therefore, the electrolyte in the invention can reduce the influence of moisture in the electrolyte on the capacitor, improve the sparking voltage of the electrolyte and greatly prolong the service life of the capacitor.

Description

Electrolyte of long-life liquid capacitor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of liquid capacitors, in particular to electrolyte of a long-life liquid capacitor.
Background
The capacitor as an energy storage element has the advantages of high power density, long cycle life, rapid charge and discharge and the like. It has the functions of tuning, filtering, coupling and bypassing in electronic circuits. With the progress of modern science and technology, capacitors are widely applied to a plurality of fields such as electronic products, communication products, automatic control, photoelectric products and the like.
In a conventional high-voltage capacitor, ethylene glycol is used as a solvent and boric acid, an organic acid, or an ammonium salt thereof is used as a main electrolyte in the preparation of an electrolyte. When the esterification reaction occurs between ethylene glycol and boric acid or an organic acid, a large amount of condensed water is generated, resulting in an increase in the moisture content inside the electrolyte system. In addition, during the manufacturing process of the capacitor, the capacitor is exposed to air and can absorb moisture in the air. Therefore, when the capacitor is used in a specific application, moisture in the electrolyte is evaporated into water vapor at a high temperature, and accordingly, the internal pressure of components in the capacitor is increased, and when the amount of internal gas is increased to a certain extent, the capacitor is destroyed, and when the amount of gas is further increased, the expansion and burst of the capacitor may be caused, and there is a certain safety risk.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of main solvent, 10-25 parts of auxiliary solvent, 8-20 parts of main solute, 4-10 parts of auxiliary solute, 5-15 parts of flash voltage improver, 0.5-3 parts of hydrogen scavenger, 1-5 parts of amylose and 1-2 parts of polyacrylic acid.
In the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor, the solvent is preferably ethylene glycol.
In the above electrolyte of a long-life liquid capacitor, preferably, the auxiliary solvent is one or more of diethylene glycol, glycerol, methoxypolyethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
Preferably, the main solute is one of 2-methyl azelaic acid, 2,7 dimethyl suberic acid, 2-butyl suberic acid, 2,9-dimethyl sebacic acid, 1,10-dimethyl octadecadioic acid and ammonium salt thereof.
In the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor, preferably, the auxiliary solute is one or more of benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and ammonium salts thereof.
In the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor, preferably, the sparking voltage raising agent is one or more of mannitol, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.
Preferably, the hydrogen scavenger is one or more of p-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitroanisole, p-nitrobenzyl alcohol and p-nitrophenol.
The preparation method of the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor comprises the following steps: 1) Heating the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent to 80-100 ℃ in a reaction kettle;
2) Adding a main solute and an auxiliary solute into the solution treated in the step 1), and continuously heating to 140-150 ℃;
3) Adding a sparking voltage improver, a hydrogen scavenger, amylose and polyacrylic acid into the solution treated in the step 2), and stirring to completely dissolve the solution;
4) And naturally cooling to obtain the electrolyte.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the invention, amylose is added into the electrolyte, and the amylose is hydrolyzed under acidic conditions, so that the moisture in the electrolyte is consumed; meanwhile, glucose generated by amylose hydrolysis can be used as a waterproof agent of the electrolyte, and the property of the electrolyte is not influenced; and a small amount of polyacrylic acid is added to serve as a crosslinking agent of starch, and the crosslinking agent and the starch form a starch-polyacrylic acid crosslinked body, so that the pressure resistance of the electrolyte can be improved. Therefore, the liquid capacitor prepared by the electrolyte can reduce the influence of moisture in the electrolyte on the capacitor, improve the sparking voltage of the electrolyte and greatly prolong the service life of the capacitor.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
It should be particularly noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to, connected to or communicated with" another element, it can be directly fixed to, connected to or communicated with the other element or indirectly fixed to, connected to or communicated with the other element through other intermediate connecting components.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of main solvent, 15-20 parts of auxiliary solvent, 10-15 parts of main solute, 5-8 parts of auxiliary solute, 10 parts of flash voltage improver, 1 part of hydrogen scavenger, 2 parts of amylose and 1 part of polyacrylic acid.
The main solvent is ethylene glycol, the auxiliary solvent is methoxy polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol methyl ether, the mass ratio of the two is 2:3, the main solute is 2,9-dimethyl sebacic acid, the auxiliary solute is benzoic acid, the flash voltage improver is polyvinyl alcohol, and the hydrogen scavenger is p-nitrobenzoic acid.
In the embodiment, the solvent in the electrolyte consists of the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent, so that the solvent contains a plurality of substances, and the solvent can be matched and used with the mixed solvent, so that the solvation effect can be well enhanced, the solubility of related solutes in the electrolyte can be improved, the volatilization amount of the substances of the electrolyte in actual application, particularly in a high-temperature environment can be reduced, the performance of the capacitor can be well improved, and the service life of the capacitor can be prolonged.
Meanwhile, the main solute in the embodiment is the branched polycarboxylic acid, and the branched polycarboxylic acid is added into the electrolyte of the capacitor, so that the functions of providing oxygen ions and repairing an anodic oxide film at any time can be achieved, and the service life of the capacitor can be further prolonged.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor includes the following steps:
1) Taking 55-60 parts of ethylene glycol in total by weight; taking 15-20 parts of methoxy polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in total, wherein the mass ratio of the methoxy polyethylene glycol to the ethylene glycol methyl ether is 2:3; adding the above materials into a high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, and heating to 80-85 deg.C.
2) Taking 10-15 parts by weight of 2,9-dimethyl sebacic acid and 5-8 parts by weight of benzoic acid; adding the above materials into the solution treated in step 1), and heating to 145-150 deg.C.
3) Taking 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1 part of p-nitrobenzoic acid, 2 parts of amylose and 1 part of polyacrylic acid in parts by weight; adding the obtained substances into the solution treated in the step 2), uniformly stirring and completely dissolving the substances.
4) Stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the electrolyte.
In the embodiment, the whole process of preparing the electrolyte is carried out in the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, and the electrolyte is a good closed space, so that the problem that moisture in the air and other substances are doped to influence the property of the electrolyte when the electrolyte is prepared can be avoided. Under the environment of high temperature and high pressure, the solubility of all substances in the solvent can be increased, so that the substances can be better dissolved in the solvent, the dissolving amount of the solute is further increased, and various additives can better play a role.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-55 parts of main solvent, 12-17 parts of auxiliary solvent, 12-16 parts of main solute, 6-9 parts of auxiliary solute, 10 parts of flash voltage improver, 2 parts of hydrogen scavenger, 3 parts of amylose and 1 part of polyacrylic acid.
The main solvent is ethylene glycol, the auxiliary solvent is methoxy polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, the mass ratio of the two is 2:3, the main solute is 2-butyl suberic acid, the auxiliary solute is dodecanedioic acid, the flash fire voltage improver is polyethylene glycol, and the hydrogen eliminator is p-nitrobenzyl alcohol.
In this example, the method for preparing the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor is basically the same as that of example 1 in all steps, and only the added substances and the amounts thereof need to be replaced.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of main solvent, 10-15 parts of auxiliary solvent, 14-18 parts of main solute, 7-10 parts of auxiliary solute, 10 parts of flash fire voltage improver, 3 parts of hydrogen scavenger, 5 parts of amylose and 1 part of polyacrylic acid.
The main solvent is ethylene glycol, the auxiliary solvent is methoxy polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol methyl ether, the mass ratio of the two is 2:3, the main solute is 1,10-dimethyl octadecadioic acid, the auxiliary solute is sebacic acid, the flash voltage improver is mannitol, and the hydrogen eliminator is p-nitrophenol.
In this example, the method for preparing the electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor is basically the same as that of example 1 in all steps, and only the added substances and the amounts thereof need to be replaced.
Comparative example
All the steps are the same as the example 1, and the amylose and the polyacrylic acid are replaced by the glycol.
1. Flash voltage comparison
Comparing items Flash voltage comparison
Example 1 518V
Example 2 525V
Example 3 536V
Comparative example 485V
2. Comparison of life
The capacitor with the specification of 400V8.2 10X12 is tested, and after aging, a 105-DEG C high-temperature direct-current load is input.
Figure 173971DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Figure 913388DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Through experimental test comparison, the examples 1-3 have certain improvement of the sparking voltage compared with the comparative example. The capacitors of examples 1-3 were operated at a high temperature of 105 c for 5000 hours, and the change in the respective test indexes of the capacitors was relatively small, whereas the capacitors of comparative examples had a significantly reduced Capacity (CAP) and a significantly increased dielectric loss factor (DF). Therefore, compared with the traditional capacitor, the capacitor prepared from the electrolyte obtained in the embodiment has the advantages that the sparking voltage is improved to a certain extent, and the service life is greatly prolonged.

Claims (8)

1. The electrolyte of the long-life liquid capacitor is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of main solvent, 10-25 parts of auxiliary solvent, 8-20 parts of main solute, 4-10 parts of auxiliary solute, 5-15 parts of flash voltage improver, 0.5-3 parts of hydrogen scavenger, 1-5 parts of amylose and 1-2 parts of polyacrylic acid.
2. The long life liquid capacitor electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said primary solvent is ethylene glycol.
3. The long life liquid capacitor electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary solvent is one or more of diethylene glycol, glycerin, methoxypolyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol methyl ether.
4. The electrolyte for long life liquid capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein said primary solute is one or more of 2-methyl azelaic acid, 2,7 dimethyl suberic acid, 2-butyl suberic acid, 2,9 dimethyl sebacic acid, 1,10 dimethyl octadecadioic acid and ammonium salt thereof.
5. The long life liquid capacitor electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said secondary solute is one or more of benzoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and dodecanedioic acid and their ammonium salts.
6. The long life liquid capacitor electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said sparking voltage raising agent is one or more of mannitol, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.
7. The long life liquid capacitor electrolyte of claim 1 wherein said hydrogen scavenger is one or more of p-nitrobenzoic acid, p-nitroanisole, p-nitrobenzyl alcohol and p-nitrophenol.
8. A method for preparing an electrolyte for a long life liquid capacitor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of: 1) Heating the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent to 80-100 ℃ in a reaction kettle;
2) Adding a main solute and an auxiliary solute into the solution treated in the step 1), and continuously heating to 140-150 ℃;
3) Adding a flash fire voltage booster, a hydrogen scavenger, amylose and polyacrylic acid into the solution treated in the step 2), and stirring to completely dissolve the mixture;
4) And naturally cooling to obtain the electrolyte.
CN202110887731.2A 2021-08-03 2021-08-03 Electrolyte of long-life liquid capacitor and preparation method thereof Active CN113674997B (en)

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