CN113668523B - Claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113668523B CN113668523B CN202111005544.3A CN202111005544A CN113668523B CN 113668523 B CN113668523 B CN 113668523B CN 202111005544 A CN202111005544 A CN 202111005544A CN 113668523 B CN113668523 B CN 113668523B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/003—Injection of material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/30—Miscellaneous comprising anchoring details
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and a construction method thereof, and is characterized in that the anchor rod comprises: the anchor rod barrel is in a long and thin barrel shape, and a plurality of holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the anchor rod barrel at intervals of a certain distance delta h 2; the central pulling piece is arranged at the central shaft of the anchor rod barrel and penetrates through the whole anchor rod barrel; and the fluke assemblies are fixed on the central pulling piece at certain intervals of delta h2 and are arranged on the inner side of the anchor rod barrel, each fluke assembly comprises one or more flukes and a rotating shaft, each fluke is coplanar with the central shaft of the anchor rod barrel and rotates around the rotating shaft in the respective shaft plane, and each fluke penetrates through a hole at the corresponding position on the anchor rod barrel. The anchor fluke structure and the anchor fluke installation can be inserted into the anchor hole under the condition that the anchor fluke is not opened, compared with the existing resistance type anchor rod, the limit value of the overhanging size is greatly increased, and conditions are provided for great increase of the resistance force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical anchor rods, in particular to a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and a construction method thereof.
Background
The anchor bolt support is a reinforcing support mode adopted in surface engineering such as side slopes and rock-soil deep foundation pits and underground chamber construction such as tunnels and stopes. The pole column is made of metal, wood, polymer or other materials, and is driven into the pre-drilled holes of the earth surface rock-soil body or rock around the chamber, and the unstable rock-soil body and the peripheral stable rock-soil body are combined together by using the special structure of the head part and the pole body and the tail supporting plate (or not), depending on the functions of cohesive force, mechanical resistance and the like, so as to generate the suspension effect, the combined beam effect and the reinforcing effect, thereby achieving the purpose of supporting. The anchor bolt support has the advantages of low cost, good support effect, simple operation, flexible use, less occupied construction clearance and the like. The mechanical action of the anchor rod mainly has the functions of suspension, combination and extrusion.
As a supporting method with extremely wide application, the anchor bolt supporting technology forms a complete set of technical innovation system integrating concept, theory, method, software, material, machine tool, construction process, monitoring instrument and technical specification. According to the anchoring principle, the anchor is of a mechanical type, a friction type, an inverted wedge type, an expansion shell type, a wedge seam type, an expansion pipe type (hydraulic expansion pipe, blasting expansion pipe and pipe seam), a bonding type (cement, resin, polyurethane and mortar), a resistance type (spiral anchor rod and inverted cone anchor rod) and the like; according to the form of the rod body, the steel rod anchor rod has rigidity (a steel bar anchor rod, a left-handed thread steel anchor rod, a reverse twist anchor rod and a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod) and flexibility (a steel strand anchor rod and a steel wire rope anchor rod); according to the anchor rod material, there are iron anchor rod, wood anchor rod, bamboo anchor rod, etc.
Although the anchor rod technology system is mature and various, in concrete engineering practice, it can be further improved and developed, for example, rock and soil are loose and soft materials compared with rock, and the construction mode and the forming mechanism of anchoring action are different, so that a novel anchor rod technology method can be provided for rock and soil materials. The cohesive force is a basic component of the pulling resistance of various anchor rods, in the soil engineering, the cohesive anchor rods are used most, but the shear strength of the soil is too small compared with that of the rock mass, the cohesive materials such as cement paste and resin can be solidified to obtain higher strength, but the anchoring failure surface is inevitably generated at the interface of the relatively weak cohesive material and the soil, and the pulling resistance of the cohesive anchor rods is still dependent on the strength of the soil; the expansion shell type and wedge seam type and the like rely on the top end or the middle expanded part to generate uplift force, the effect is obvious in the rock mass, because the soil body is softer, the expanded most of the uplift force is greatly reduced, and only one or a few expanded parts can be relied on, and the expanded amplitude is limited under the influence of the anchor rod construction mode; resistance formula stock, can rely on thread, the more back taper of quantity to provide resistance pull-out force like spiral stock, back taper stock etc. still receive the influence of construction methods such as stock screw in, insert, the thread overhang portion outward, the back taper convex part all can not be very big outward, is no longer than the radius of screw rod self, and the resistance pull-out force that provides from this also is limited relatively.
In a word, the anchor rod is inserted into the anchor hole to be used as basic operation that anchor rod construction cannot be bypassed, the overhanging size of various construction measures is limited, and the characteristics of soft and easily compressible soil body and relatively low soil body strength enable the resistance to pull generated by the small outwards-protruding and overhanging structure to be far different from the resistance to pull in rock and soil; the anchoring force of the bonding contribution is difficult to be effectively improved because of the dependence on the shear strength of the soil body. Therefore, the improvement of the construction mode of the anchor rod greatly increases the overhanging size of the surface of the rod body, and the pre-reinforcement of the uplift-resistant soil body is realized on the premise of simple operation, so that the effective way of improving the uplift bearing capacity of the anchor rod is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides the claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and the construction method thereof, the anchor claw does not need to be inserted into an anchor hole after being opened, compared with the existing resistance type anchor rod, the limit value of the overhanging size is greatly increased, and the condition is provided for the great increase of the resistance force.
A first aspect of the present invention provides a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering, comprising:
the anchor rod barrel is in a long and thin barrel shape, and a plurality of holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the anchor rod barrel at intervals of a certain distance delta h 2;
the central pulling piece is arranged at the central shaft of the anchor rod barrel and penetrates through the anchor rod barrel;
and the fluke assemblies are fixed on the central pulling piece at intervals of a certain distance delta h2 and are arranged on the inner side of the anchor rod cylinder, each fluke assembly comprises one or more flukes and a rotating shaft, each fluke is coplanar with the central shaft of the anchor rod cylinder and rotates around the rotating shaft in the respective axial plane, and each fluke penetrates through the hole at the corresponding position on the anchor rod cylinder.
The claw anchor type anchor rod is further improved in that the anchor rod barrel comprises an anchoring section and a free section which are communicated, and the hole is formed in the peripheral wall of the anchoring section or the hole is formed in the peripheral walls of the anchoring section and the free section.
The anchor type anchor rod of the invention is further improved in that the cross section of the hole arranged on the anchoring section is matched with the cross section of the anchor fluke, and the size of the cross section of the hole is 2-3 times of that of the anchor fluke.
The claw anchor type anchor rod is further improved in that the outer side end, far away from the anchoring section, of the free section is provided with threads, the claw anchor type anchor rod further comprises a grout stop plug, a bearing piece and an end nut, the grout stop plug, the bearing piece and the end nut are sequentially arranged at the outer side end of the anchor rod cylinder in a penetrating mode, and the end nut is connected with the threads at the outer side end of the free section in a matching mode.
The claw anchor type anchor rod is further improved in that the central pull piece is a pull rod or a pull cable.
The claw anchor type anchor rod is further improved in that the anchor claw assembly is fixed on the central pulling piece through a loading supporting disc, a central opening of the loading supporting disc is arranged in a penetrating mode and fixed on the central pulling piece, the rotating shaft of the anchor claw assembly is fixed at the central opening of the loading supporting disc, and the outer edge of the loading supporting disc is matched with the inner edge of the cross section of the anchor rod barrel.
The claw anchor type anchor rod is further improved in that the claw anchor type anchor rod further comprises an anchor rod end, the front end of the anchor rod end is a conical body, and the section size of the conical bottom is larger than the section size of the anchor rod barrel by t2; the cross section size of the rear end of the anchor rod end head is contracted into a cross section size and a connection structure matched with the front end of the anchor rod barrel; and a plurality of slurry holes are formed in the contraction position of the rear end of the end head of the anchor rod.
The claw anchor type anchor rod is further improved by further comprising locking structures which are respectively used for fixing the relative position between the central pulling piece and the anchor rod barrel before and after the central pulling piece is tensioned.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a construction method of a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering, which includes the steps of:
assembling the claw anchor type anchor rod, inserting the central pulling piece fixed with the fluke components into the anchor rod cylinder, and exposing each fluke of each group of the fluke components to a certain distance t1 from the hole formed in the circumferential wall of the anchor rod cylinder;
fixing a central pulling member on the bolt barrel by using a locking structure, and inserting the bolt barrel provided with the fluke assembly and the central pulling member into a hole prefabricated in construction rock soil;
releasing the locking structure, propping against the anchor rod barrel towards the direction in the hole, pulling out the central pulling piece by a length delta h1, controlling the anchor rod barrel and the central pulling piece to be relatively fixed, and fixing the central pulling piece and each claw anchor component in the anchor rod barrel by using the locking structure;
and injecting cement slurry into the anchor rod barrel, rotating the anchor rod barrel along the annular direction while axially inserting the anchor rod barrel until the stirring resistance is stable, overflowing the cement slurry from the rear end of the anchor rod barrel, and stopping grouting.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides another construction method of a claw anchor type rock bolt suitable for geotechnical engineering, which includes the steps of:
assembling the claw anchor type anchor rod, inserting the central pulling piece fixed with the fluke components into the anchor rod cylinder, and exposing each fluke of each group of the fluke components to a certain distance t1 from the hole formed in the circumferential wall of the anchor rod cylinder;
fixing a central pulling piece on the anchor rod barrel by using a locking structure, and inserting the anchor rod barrel provided with the fluke assembly and the central pulling piece into a hole prefabricated in construction rock soil;
releasing the locking structure, propping against the anchor rod barrel towards the direction in the hole, pulling out the central pulling piece by a length delta h1, controlling the anchor rod barrel and the central pulling piece to be relatively fixed, and fixing the central pulling piece and each claw anchor component in the anchor rod barrel by using the locking structure;
and injecting cement paste into the anchor rod barrel until the cement paste overflows from the rear end of the anchor rod barrel, and stopping grouting.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention provides a claw anchor type anchor rod of geotechnical engineering. The fluke can increase the resistance of the anchor rod, the fluke structure which is rotatably penetrated into the soil body and the installation characteristic that the pull rod drives the anchor rod to penetrate into expand the limit value of the extending size, and conditions are created for greatly increasing the resistance of the anchor rod; the installation method that the anchor fluke is penetrated by the pull rod drives the soil body behind the anchor fluke to be cut, so that convenience is provided for grouting and reinforcing the pulling-resistant area of the anchor fluke, and an additional synergistic effect is achieved; the anchor rod locked by the claw rotates in the anchor hole and moves in a pulling and inserting mode to generate strong cutting and stirring on soil around the anchoring section, along with pressure grouting, a stirring pile mechanism is jointly formed, according to the difference of soil strength hardness, driving force and pulling and inserting amplitude, the anchoring section forms an integrally expanded cylindrical anchoring body and an expanded toothed cylindrical anchoring body around the anchor claw respectively after hardening, on one hand, the expansion of the radius of the anchoring section means that the shearing friction resistance of the peripheral side is increased by several times, on the other hand, the size limit value of the rotary overhanging type anchor rod is far larger than that of a common spiral anchor rod and a reverse anchor rod, and the mechanical pulling resistance of the expanded part is far larger than that of a conventional resistance type anchor rod.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering according to an embodiment of the present invention, which sequentially shows states before tensioning, after (suitable for the case of stir-free grouting) stir-free grouting and after (suitable for the case of stir grouting) stir grouting from left to right, wherein the stir grouting and the stir-free grouting are two construction methods suitable for different soil bodies.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the process of penetration of the fluke into the soil (center tension process) in the embodiment of the present invention, the left side shows the penetration process of the fluke when the center tension member is pulled, the right side shows disturbed areas formed when the fluke cuts the soil when the penetration is completed, and cement grout penetrates into the disturbed areas to form an arcuate reinforcing body which becomes an obstacle to the extraction of the fluke, i.e., one of the causes of the pulling resistance, during grouting.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of three implementations of a bolt head in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of an anchoring section of the claw anchor type anchor rod in the embodiment of the present invention, which is sequentially in a state before and after tensioning from top to bottom.
Fig. 5 is a detail view of the fluke according to the embodiment of the present invention before tensioning, the left side shows an assembled state of the fluke, the load support plate and the central pulling member, and the right side shows a separated state of the fluke, the load support plate and the central pulling member.
Fig. 6 is a detailed view of the fluke after tensioning according to the embodiment of the present invention, the left side shows an assembled state of the fluke, the load support plate and the central pulling member, and the right side shows a separated state of the fluke, the load support plate and the central pulling member.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The existing anchoring principle is various, and the auxiliary reinforcing measures and processes are also diversified, but the auxiliary reinforcing characteristics are mostly limited to a smaller range of the anchoring section, such as the end part and the middle part. The invention provides an anchor rod scheme for uniformly enhancing the effect of the whole circumference in the full-length range of an anchoring section.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fluke anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering, which provides a pullout resistance mainly by means of a series of flukes which penetrate into the soil body after relaxation. The claw anchor type anchor rod mainly comprises an anchor rod barrel 11, a central pulling piece 12 and a fluke assembly.
The anchor rod barrel 11 is a slender barrel-shaped object and comprises an anchoring section and a free section which are communicated, a plurality of holes 10 are formed in the peripheral wall of the anchoring section at intervals of a certain distance delta h2, and threads are arranged at the outer side end, far away from the anchoring section, of the free section.
A central pulling member 12, which is an elongated member (rod or cable) that is disposed at the central axis of the bolt barrel 11, penetrates the whole bolt barrel 11, and can bear pulling force;
Preferably, the claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering of the present invention further comprises a grout stop plug 14, a carrier 15 and an end nut 16 sequentially arranged at the outer end of the anchor rod barrel 11, wherein the end nut 16 is further connected with the thread on the outer end of the free section of the anchor rod barrel 11 in a matching manner. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the end nut 16 is matched with the thread at the outer side end of the free end of the anchor rod barrel 11 and fixes the outer end of the anchor rod barrel 11;
the bearing part 15 can adopt a pedestal or a backing plate, has a hole in the center, is arranged on the inner side of an end nut 16 at the outer end of the anchor rod barrel 11 in a penetrating way, and is tightly attached to the end nut 16;
the grout stop plug 14 is in a conical ring shape, the bottom surface of the conical ring faces outwards, penetrates through the inner side of the bearing piece 15 at the outer end of the anchor rod barrel 11, and is tightly attached to the bearing piece 15.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the anchor rod barrel 11 can adopt various cross section forms such as circular, rectangular, etc., and the anchoring section and the free section can be provided with holes 10, which is convenient for the penetration and overflow of cement slurry, but the size of the hole is not too large, and the anchoring section must be provided with the hole 10 to enable the fluke 131 to penetrate through the anchor rod barrel 11 and be anchored into the outside soil body when being tensioned; the central pulling member 12 may be a pull rod or a pull cable, the pull rod may have different cross-sectional shapes, and the rear end of the central pulling member 12 may be provided with a structure for facilitating tensioning, such as a pull ring.
Each fluke assembly 13 is finally fixed to the central pull member 12 and penetrates into the outer soil along with the outward pulling of the central pull member 12, but the fixing mode may be directly fixed to the central pull member 12, or may be fixed to other components (hereinafter referred to as a loading support plate, the setting of the loading support plate is for facilitating the loading, so that the flukes are easier to penetrate into the soil) first, and the other components are fixed to the central pull member 12, so that the flukes 131 can freely rotate in the plane formed by the "central axis-polar diameter" of the anchor cylinder 11.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bolt tube 11 and the central pull member 12 have circular cross sections, no hole is formed in the free section, only the anchoring section is provided with a hole 10, the shape of the hole 10 is matched with the shape of the cross section of the fluke 131, and the cross section of the hole 10 is 2 to 3 times the cross section of the fluke 131.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, as an embodiment of the present invention, the fluke assembly 13 is fixed on the central pulling member 12 through the loading supporting plate 17, the loading supporting plate 17 has a central opening, and is inserted through and fixed on the lower side of the fluke assembly 13 on the central pulling member 12, the rotating shaft 132 of the fluke assembly 13 is fixed at the central opening of the loading supporting plate 17, the outer edge of the loading supporting plate 17 matches with the inner edge of the cross section of the anchor rod barrel 11, and the outer edge has a certain thickness, so as to support the central pulling member 12 without deviating from the central position. The shape and the size of the hole formed in the center of the loading support plate 17 are matched with the shape and the size of the central pull piece 12, and the purpose is to facilitate the penetration and the fixation.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, as an embodiment of the present invention, the load support disc 17 comprises an inner ring 171 and an outer ring 172 coaxially connected by a plurality of first rods 173, the inner ring 171 is centrally perforated and fixed on the central pull member 12 for fixing with the central pull member 12, the outer edge of the outer ring 172 matches the inner edge of the cross-section of the anchor barrel 11 in order to support the central pull member 12 not to deviate from the central position of the anchor barrel 11, wherein the plurality of first rods 173 are the same length and are obliquely arranged so that the inner ring 171 is closer to the front end of the anchor barrel 11 than the outer ring 172. The inner side of the outer ring 172 is further coaxially connected with another fixing ring 175 through a plurality of second rod members 174, the fixing ring 175 is centrally provided with a hole, and is inserted and fixed on the central pulling member 12, and the rotating shaft 132 of the fluke assembly 13 is fixed on the periphery of the central hole of the fixing ring 175, and is used for fixing the fluke 131.
Further, the axial direction of each rotating shaft 132 of the fluke assembly 13 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the anchor rod barrel 11, when the number of flukes 131 is small, a single rotating shaft is provided, when the number of flukes 131 is large, a common rotating shaft 132 is provided, and the common rotating shaft 132 is an annular shaft or a polygonal circular section shaft; the rotation shaft 132 is fixed on the central pulling member 12 or on the periphery of the central hole of the load supporting plate 17, and when the common rotation shaft 132 is used, the common rotation shaft 132 is coaxial with the central hole of the load supporting plate 17. The pivot 132 may be fixed by discrete spot welding, discrete spot support welding, or by a special "pivot kit" designed to be threaded and fixed to the central pull member. The root end of each fluke 132 is provided with a circular hole, and the circular holes are all arranged on the rotating shaft 131 in a penetrating manner, and can rotate around the rotating shaft 131 in respective shaft planes.
As an embodiment of the invention the number of flukes of one fluke assembly 13 is preferably 3-10. The axial line of the fluke 131 can be straight line and plane curve, preferably, the plane curve form is adopted; the cross section of the fluke 131 can be circular (the resistance to plucking and bearing and the resistance to penetrating into the soil are both minimal), triangular (a ridge line faces the central pulling piece, which is convenient for cutting and anchoring into the soil, and the resistance to plucking and bearing and the resistance to penetrating into the soil are moderate), rectangular, rhombic, or flat rectangular (a wide surface faces the central pulling piece, which is beneficial to plucking and bearing, and not beneficial to cutting and penetrating into the soil, and has the advantages of high resistance to plucking and bearing of the fluke and high resistance to penetrating into the soil); the linear length L0 of two ends of the fluke is 3-10 times of the radius dimension R of the anchor rod barrel 11.
When the cross-section of fluke 132 is provided with the edges and corners, the process of piercing when not only being convenient for installing the construction stock cuts the soil body in the axial direction, also the annular stirring cuts the soil body when being convenient for slip casting construction, consequently, the design of fluke edge has better synergism to the soil body of construction process cutting.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, the claw anchor type anchor rod further includes an anchor rod end 18, the front end of the anchor rod end 18 is a cone, and the size of the cross section of the cone bottom is t2 larger than the size of the cross section of the anchor rod barrel 11; the cross section size of the rear end of the anchor rod end head 18 is contracted into a cross section size and a connection structure which can be matched with the front end of the anchor rod barrel 11; furthermore, a plurality of grout holes 20 are formed at the rear end contraction of the anchor rod head 18, and three structural forms of the anchor rod head 18 are shown in fig. 3.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the claw anchor type anchor further includes locking structures for fixing relative positions between the center pull 12 and the anchor cylinder 11 before and after the center pull 12 is tensioned, respectively, and the locking structures may adopt a pull lock configuration, as shown in fig. 1, including: a small hole is arranged on the anchor rod barrel 11, a hole ring is arranged on the central pulling piece 12, and a pin 19 (or a bolt) is arranged on the central pulling piece. The small holes formed in the anchor rod barrel 11 are formed in the outer section of the end nut 16, and the small holes are two groups of holes which are symmetrical about the center line of the section and penetrate through the barrel walls on the two sides; the hole rings on the central pulling piece are divided into two groups, the first group is at two sides of the central pulling rod corresponding to the small holes on the wall of the anchor rod barrel 11 before the central pulling piece 12 is tensioned, and the second group is at two sides of the central pulling rod corresponding to the small holes on the wall of the anchor rod barrel 1 after the central pulling piece 12 is tensioned. Wherein the pin 19 (or latch) may be U-shaped.
In order to achieve the enhanced anchoring effect of the claw anchor type anchor rod of the present invention, the claw anchor type anchor rod is connected to form a complete anchor rod structure through the following operation.
(1) Stringing the round hole at the root of the fluke 131 on the annular rotating shaft 132;
(2) Fixing the annular rotating shaft 132 on the periphery of the central hole of the loading support disc 17, or directly fixing the annular rotating shaft on the central pulling piece 12 at a certain interval delta h 2;
(3) Fixing the annular rotating shaft 132 fixed on the loading support plate 17 on the central pull rod 12 at a certain interval delta h 2;
(4) The central pulling piece 12 fixed with fluke assemblies 13 (a plurality of flukes 131 and annular rotating shafts 132) or the central pulling piece 12 fixed with fluke assemblies 13 (a plurality of flukes 131 and annular rotating shafts 132) and loading support plates 17 is plugged into the anchor rod barrel 11, and each fluke 131 of each group of fluke assemblies 13 is exposed out of a hole 10 formed in the barrel wall of the anchor rod barrel 11 for a short distance t1, wherein t1 is not more than t2;
(5) The grout stop plug 14, the bearing piece 15 and the end nut 16 are screwed in the tail end of the anchor rod barrel 11 one by one;
(6) Rotating the central pulling piece 12 until a first hole ring on the central pulling piece 12 is aligned with a small hole on the wall of the anchor rod barrel 11, and then inserting a pin 19 into the aligned three holes, wherein the pin 19 can be inserted to achieve the effect of preventing the anchor fluke from being dislocated;
therefore, the method is suitable for completing the assembly of the claw anchor type anchor rod of the geotechnical engineering.
In order to achieve the technical effect of strengthening anchoring of the claw anchor type anchor rod, the claw anchor type anchor rod is completed by the following three steps in application, as shown in fig. 1:
(1) Inserting a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering into a prefabricated hole, and pre-drilling a hole in earth surface geotechnical body or rock mass around a chamber;
(2) Withdrawing the pin 19 (or the pin shaft) from the wall hole of the anchor rod cylinder 11 and the first hole ring, propping against the anchor rod cylinder 11 or the end nut 16 in the hole direction, and pulling the central pulling piece 12 outwards by a fluke projection length delta h1;
(3) Then inserting a pin 19 (or a pin shaft) into a wall hole of the anchor rod cylinder 11, locking a second hole ring, adopting a pressure grouting device, injecting cement slurry into the anchor rod cylinder 11, rotating the anchor rod cylinder 11 along the annular direction, and inserting the anchor rod cylinder 11 along the axial direction in a small range until the stirring resistance tends to be stable (indicating that soil cutting is finished), overflowing the cement slurry from the rear end of the anchor rod cylinder 11 (indicating that the slurry is fully injected), stopping grouting, and matching the state after the stirring and grouting at the rightmost side in the figure 1 and the state shown in the figure 2; the method is suitable for soft stratums, soil bodies within the length range of the fluke are cut up like a mixing pile by rotating and inserting the anchor rod barrel in a pulling and inserting mode, and a composite body is formed by mixing cement slurry;
therefore, the method is suitable for completing the installation of the claw anchor type anchor rod of geotechnical engineering.
For a relatively hard soil layer, the anchor rod barrel cannot be rotated and inserted in a pulling and inserting manner, in the implementation, in the step (3), after cement slurry is injected into the anchor rod barrel 11, the anchor rod barrel is not required to be rotated and inserted in a pulling and inserting manner, and the pulling resistance is provided directly by virtue of the slurry bonding force between the anchor flukes, the anchor rod barrel and the surrounding soil body, which is shown in the drawing without stirring and grouting from left to right and the second from the last in figure 1.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a claw anchor type anchor rod for geotechnical engineering. The fluke can increase the resistance of the anchor rod, the fluke structure rotating to penetrate into the soil body and the installation characteristic of the pull rod driving the penetration of the anchor rod expand the limit value of the overhanging size, and conditions are created for greatly increasing the resistance of the anchor rod; the installation method that the anchor rod is driven by the pull rod to penetrate into the anchor rod is accompanied by cutting of soil bodies behind the anchor fluke, so that convenience is provided for grouting reinforcement of the pulling-resistant area of the anchor fluke, and an additional synergistic effect is achieved; the anchor rod locked by the claw rotates in the anchor hole and moves in a pulling and inserting mode to produce strong cutting and stirring on soil bodies around the anchoring section, along with pressure grouting, a stirring pile mechanism is jointly formed, according to the difference of soil body strength hardness, driving force and pulling and inserting amplitude, the anchoring section forms an integrally expanded cylindrical anchoring body and an expanded toothed cylindrical anchoring body around the anchor claw respectively after hardening, on one hand, the expansion of the radius of the anchoring section means that the shearing frictional resistance of the peripheral side is improved by multiple times, on the other hand, the size limit value of the rotary overhanging type anchor rod is far larger than that of a common spiral anchor rod and a reverse anchor rod, and the mechanical resistance pulling force of the expanded part is far larger than that of a conventional resistance type anchor rod.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented by the prior art. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a claw anchor type stock suitable for geotechnical engineering which characterized in that includes:
the anchor rod barrel is in a long and thin barrel shape, and a plurality of holes are formed in the peripheral wall of the anchor rod barrel at intervals of a certain distance delta h 2;
the central pulling piece is arranged at the central shaft of the anchor rod barrel and penetrates through the whole anchor rod barrel;
a plurality of fluke assemblies fixed to the central pull member at a distance Δ h2 and disposed inside the shank, each fluke assembly comprising one or more flukes and a shaft, each fluke being coplanar with the central axis of the shank and rotatable about the shaft in a respective axial plane, each fluke passing through the hole in the shank at a corresponding location;
the anchor claw assembly is fixed on the central pulling piece through a loading supporting disc, the central opening of the loading supporting disc is penetrated and fixed on the central pulling piece, the rotating shaft of the anchor claw assembly is fixed at the central opening of the loading supporting disc, and the outer edge of the loading supporting disc is matched with the inner edge of the cross section of the anchor rod cylinder; the loading support disc comprises an inner ring body and an outer ring body which are coaxially connected by a plurality of first rod pieces, the center of the inner ring body is provided with a hole, the inner ring body is penetrated and fixed on the central pulling piece, and the outer edge of the outer ring body is matched with the inner edge of the cross section of the anchor rod barrel; the first rod pieces are identical in length and are obliquely arranged, so that the inner ring body is closer to the anchor rod end head at the front end of the anchoring cylinder relative to the outer ring body; the inner side of the outer ring body is also coaxially connected with another fixing ring through a plurality of second rod pieces, the center of the fixing ring is provided with a hole and is penetrated and fixed on the center pulling piece, and the rotating shaft of the fluke component is fixed on the periphery of the center hole of the fixing ring.
2. A claw-anchor type anchor rod adapted for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, wherein: the anchor rod barrel comprises an anchoring section and a free section which are communicated, and the hole is formed in the peripheral wall of the anchoring section, or the hole is formed in the peripheral walls of the anchoring section and the free section.
3. A claw-anchor type anchor rod adapted for geotechnical engineering according to claim 2, wherein: the cross-sectional properties of the holes formed in the anchoring sections are matched with those of the flukes, and the cross-sectional dimension of the holes is 2-3 times that of the flukes.
4. A claw-anchor type anchor rod adapted for geotechnical engineering according to claim 2, wherein: the anchor claw type anchor rod further comprises a grout stop plug, a bearing piece and an end nut, wherein the grout stop plug, the bearing piece and the end nut are sequentially arranged at the outer end of the anchor rod cylinder in a penetrating mode, and the end nut is connected with the thread at the outer end of the free section in a matching mode.
5. A claw-anchor type anchor rod adapted for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, wherein: the central pull piece is a pull rod or a pull cable.
6. A claw-anchor type anchor rod adapted for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, wherein: the front end of the anchor rod end is a conical body, and the section size of the conical bottom is t2 larger than that of the anchor rod barrel; the cross section size of the rear end of the anchor rod end head is contracted into a cross section size and a connection structure matched with the front end of the anchor rod barrel; and a plurality of slurry holes are formed in the contraction position of the rear end of the end head of the anchor rod.
7. A claw-anchor type anchor rod adapted for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, wherein: the anchor rod device is characterized by further comprising locking structures which are respectively used for fixing the relative positions of the central pulling piece and the anchor rod barrel before and after the central pulling piece is tensioned.
8. A construction method of a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
assembling a fluke anchor bolt as defined in claim 7, inserting a central pull member to which said fluke assemblies are secured into said bolt housing with each fluke of each set of said fluke assemblies exposed a distance t1 from said bore hole in said bolt housing circumferential wall;
fixing a central pulling piece on the anchor rod barrel by using a locking structure, and inserting the anchor rod barrel provided with the fluke assembly and the central pulling piece into a hole prefabricated in construction rock soil;
releasing the locking structure, propping against the anchor rod barrel towards the direction in the hole, pulling out the central pulling piece by a length delta h1, controlling the anchor rod barrel and the central pulling piece to be relatively fixed, and fixing the central pulling piece and each claw anchor component in the anchor rod barrel by using the locking structure;
and injecting cement slurry into the anchor rod barrel, rotating the anchor rod barrel along the annular direction while axially inserting the anchor rod barrel until the stirring resistance is stable, overflowing the cement slurry from the rear end of the anchor rod barrel, and stopping grouting.
9. A construction method of a claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
assembling a fluke anchor bolt as defined in claim 7, inserting a central pull member to which said fluke assemblies are secured into said bolt barrel, and exposing each fluke of each said set of fluke assemblies a distance t1 from said bore opening in said bolt barrel peripheral wall;
fixing a central pulling member on the bolt barrel by using a locking structure, and inserting the bolt barrel provided with the fluke assembly and the central pulling member into a hole prefabricated in construction rock soil;
releasing the locking structure, propping against the anchor rod barrel towards the direction in the hole, pulling out the central pulling piece by a length delta h1, controlling the anchor rod barrel and the central pulling piece to be relatively fixed, and fixing the central pulling piece and each claw anchor component in the anchor rod barrel by using the locking structure;
and injecting cement paste into the anchor rod barrel until the cement paste overflows from the rear end of the anchor rod barrel, and stopping grouting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111005544.3A CN113668523B (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and construction method thereof |
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| CN202111005544.3A CN113668523B (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2021-08-30 | Claw anchor type anchor rod suitable for geotechnical engineering and construction method thereof |
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| CN114319341B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-11-10 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司台州供电公司 | Extrusion expansion type anchor rod for freight cableway of power transmission line |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP1518976A1 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-03-30 | André Nicolet | Post with barbed anchors |
| CN203320527U (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2013-12-04 | 山东科技大学 | Pawl type soil anchor rod |
| CN103669349B (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2016-04-13 | 方远建设集团股份有限公司 | A kind of reducing stirring type anchor pole and construction method thereof |
| JP5847977B1 (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-01-27 | 正直 上江洲 | Anchor pile and its installation method |
| CN106223337A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-12-14 | 中天建设集团有限公司 | A kind of ground extends out formula tension anchor pole and construction method |
| CN209066427U (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-07-05 | 兰州大学 | A kind of hole grouting rock bolt centering of falling three-pawl type supporting structure |
| CN108979692B (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2023-09-08 | 山东科技大学 | Novel anchor-increasing grouting anchor rod and construction method thereof |
| CN210621687U (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2020-05-26 | 同济大学浙江学院 | External claw type non-grouting soil nail |
| CN113006846B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-08-18 | 江苏麦廊新材料科技有限公司 | Recoverable anchor rod device and using method thereof |
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