CN113652980A - Multistage energy consumption buffer system, design method and stone blocking wall structure damage monitoring method - Google Patents
Multistage energy consumption buffer system, design method and stone blocking wall structure damage monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of rock rolling disaster protection, and discloses a multistage energy consumption buffer system, a design method and a rock blocking wall structure damage monitoring method, which are used for improving the impact resistance of a protection project and monitoring the health condition of a rock blocking wall structure in the project operation period. In the initial stage of the construction of the rock rolling protection project, firstly, vegetation is paved on an unstable slope surface; secondly, a stone blocking wall structure is arranged; during the operation of the rolling stone protection project, firstly, carrying out simulation calculation work successively by adopting a numerical simulation means aiming at different working conditions of the stone blocking wall structure impacted by the potential rolling stone disasters, and judging and identifying the vulnerable position and the vulnerable degree of the stone blocking wall structure under the action of the rolling stone impact load by defining damage factors; and then, rapid local detection can be carried out on site according to the vulnerable position and the vulnerable degree data of the stone blocking wall calculated by the numerical simulation software, so that the structural damage degree of the stone blocking wall can be accurately judged. The invention is suitable for health detection of rock rolling protection and protection engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock rolling disaster protection, in particular to a multistage energy consumption buffer system, a design method and a method for monitoring damage of a stone blocking wall structure.
Background
The rolling stone disaster refers to a dynamic evolution process that individual rock blocks rapidly move downwards along a slope after being unstable on the surface of a geologic body and directly threaten human activities or engineering structures in the movement range of the rock blocks. The rock rolling disaster becomes a third-generation mountain disaster following landslide and debris flow, has the characteristics of sudden occurrence, strong randomness, unpredictability and the like, and is accompanied with complex energy conversion. The rock disasters usually develop in the mountainous and high-mountain canyon areas of the transection, eastern edges of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and other areas, relate to a plurality of provinces (cities and areas) of Sichuan, Tibet, Hubei and the like, and are widely distributed. According to statistics of the national statistical bureau, the proportion of the collapse rock-rolling disaster 2096 which occurs in China between 2018 and 2019 is 22.91 percent, and the life and property safety of people is seriously influenced.
At present, protection means aiming at rock rolling disasters are divided into active protection and passive protection, wherein stone blocking walls, shed tunnels and the like are widely applied to rock rolling prevention engineering in mountainous areas as main passive protection means. However, most of the traditional stone blocking wall structures are made of concrete, so that pain points such as high rigidity, poor site suitability, limited impact resistance and the like exist, and further research is needed to ensure that the stone blocking wall structure achieves the effect of 'hardness and softness' and further improves the impact resistance of the structure.
In addition, when a rock disaster occurs, the rock blocking wall structure is often damaged slightly due to the huge impact force generated by the rock impact structure, so that the normal operation of the structure is affected. In order to maintain a damaged structure quickly and restore the anti-rock-rolling impact effect of the structure, engineering technicians often adopt sensing instruments such as displacement, acceleration and the like to carry out effective monitoring on a stone blocking wall, and once the structure is damaged, early warning is carried out through data collected by the monitoring instruments, so that the structure can reach the site in time to carry out repair work. However, damage monitoring research on the rock rolling impact stone blocking wall structure is still in a preliminary research stage at present, wherein structural damage judgment mostly adopts characteristic parameters such as displacement and acceleration of the surface of a structure body to carry out comprehensive judgment, changes of the interior of the structure before and after rock rolling impact need to be further reflected really through research, the damage position is particularly required to be further accurately judged, and the damage degree needs to achieve the effect of quantitative evaluation.
Therefore, how to design a set of stone blocking wall protection system which is rigid and flexible and has obvious energy consumption effect and is integrated with the ecological environment protection concept and how to provide a more accurate stone blocking wall structure damage monitoring method are technical problems to be solved urgently by engineering technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the multistage energy consumption buffer system can be used for multistage protection of rock rolling disasters, the shock resistance of protection engineering is improved, and the stone blocking wall structure damage monitoring method can be used for providing technical support for health monitoring of the stone blocking wall structure during engineering operation.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a multilevel energy consumption buffer system, which comprises vegetation and a stone blocking wall structure, wherein the vegetation is laid on the slope surface of an unstable slope, and the stone blocking wall structure is provided with the slope bottom of the unstable slope; the stone blocking wall structure comprises a concrete wall body and a composite cushion layer, wherein the composite cushion layer sequentially comprises a first soft buffer layer, a hard buffer layer and a second soft buffer layer from front to back. The soft buffer layer and the hard buffer layer in the present invention are relative, and the implementation is only required to be that the rigidity of the hard buffer layer is larger than the rigidity of the first soft buffer layer and the second soft buffer layer. The addition of the hard buffer layer can help to reduce the effective depth of the rolling stones penetrating into the first soft buffer layer and the second soft buffer layer, and rigidity is provided for protecting the stone blocking wall structure from direct penetration of the rolling stones.
Furthermore, the first soft buffer layer can be a sand layer, the second soft buffer layer can be a foam plastic layer, and the hard buffer layer can be a steel plate layer. The sandy soil is convenient to take materials, good in deformation characteristic, light in weight, high in resilience and good in buffering performance, impact force generated when the rolling stone impacts the stone blocking wall structure can be greatly reduced and dispersed, and meanwhile, the construction cost is saved. The steel plate has the advantages of high strength, good toughness and the like, and provides rigidity guarantee for protecting the stone blocking wall structure from direct penetration of the rolling stones.
Secondly, the invention also provides a corresponding design method of the multilevel energy consumption buffer system aiming at the multilevel energy consumption buffer system, which comprises the following steps:
paving vegetation on the slope surface of the unstable slope;
arranging a stone blocking wall structure at the slope bottom of the unstable slope; the stone blocking wall structure comprises a concrete wall body and a composite cushion layer, wherein the composite cushion layer is located at the front end of the concrete wall body, and the composite cushion layer sequentially comprises a first soft buffer layer, a hard buffer layer and a second soft buffer layer from front to back. Wherein, the first soft buffer layer is a sand layer, the second soft buffer layer is a foam plastic layer, and the hard buffer layer is a steel plate layer.
Further, the specific steps of vegetation placement include:
based on survey data of early-stage unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and manual on-site investigation, firstly, evaluating the stability and the hazard of dangerous rock masses, and dividing the stability and the hazard of the dangerous rock masses on an unstable slope so as to obtain the type and the distribution rule information of the dangerous rock masses on the unstable slope; and then, based on the divided dangerous rock mass distribution range, vegetation suitable for local soil conditions is paved on the unstable slope surface, and the arrangement of the vegetation density degree is developed according to the divided dangerous rock mass hazard degree.
Further, still include before setting up the structure of blocking stone wall:
according to the existing geological data and survey data, simulation work is carried out on the basis of rolling stone track simulation software aiming at the possible collapse rolling stone disasters generated on an unstable slope, and the falling position and the flight track of the rolling stone are obtained; and calculating the impact force of the rolling stones according to the engineering specification, and providing design basis for the arrangement of the height, the thickness and the width of the stone blocking wall structure.
Finally, the invention also provides a method for monitoring damage of the stone blocking wall structure, which is applied to the stone blocking wall structure in the multistage energy consumption buffer system and comprises the following steps:
s1, during operation of the rolling stone protection project, based on field investigation data, firstly carrying out simulation calculation work successively by adopting a numerical simulation means aiming at different working conditions of the stone blocking wall structure impacted by the potential rolling stone disasters, and roughly judging and identifying the vulnerable position and the vulnerable degree of the stone blocking wall structure under the action of the rolling stone impact load by defining damage factors;
s2, according to the damage position and damage degree data of the stone blocking wall structure calculated by the numerical simulation software, rapid local detection is carried out regularly on site by adopting an ultrasonic nondestructive detection means, and the damage degree of the stone blocking wall structure is identified relatively accurately.
Further, step S1 specifically includes:
firstly, according to the size and the position of a dangerous rock mass in early practical investigation and in combination with the size and the position information of a multi-stage stone blocking wall structure, establishing a numerical model of a rolling stone impact multi-stage stone blocking wall system under different working conditions by adopting finite element numerical simulation software;
subsequently, selecting a constitutive model and parameters for the materials involved in the numerical model;
defining a damage factor from the angle of energy loss, calculating strain energy density of a damaged concrete material on the basis of defining the damage factor, and further calculating to obtain a change rule of a damage variable and the tensile or compressive strain of the concrete on the basis of the uniaxial tension and compressive constitutive relation of the concrete;
on the basis of defining a material constitutive model, carrying out numerical calculation work of impacting the stone blocking wall structure by the rolling stones under different working conditions by dividing grids, setting boundary conditions and load conditions, and acquiring the tensile or compression damage range of the stone blocking wall structure under different working conditions through a numerical simulation software post-processing function after the calculation is finished.
Further, the damage factor is defined according to the following formula:
in the formula, D is a concrete material damage factor; w0The strain energy density of the concrete material is not damaged; wεTo damage the strain energy density of the concrete material.
Further, step S2 specifically includes:
the tensile or compression damage range of the stone barrier wall structure under different rolling stone impact working conditions is calculated through numerical simulation software, and a corresponding data cloud platform is further constructed to store and call the vulnerable data of the stone barrier wall structure;
during the completion period of the rolling stone protection project, sequentially detecting vulnerable parts on the stone blocking wall structure by adopting an ultrasonic detector, and acquiring the initial ultrasonic wave velocity C of the vulnerable parts0nAnd initial ultrasonic amplitude T0n；
During the operation of the rolling stone protection project, once a rolling stone disaster occurs, the rolling stone disaster is timely discovered through a satellite remote sensing means and a wireless sensor is arranged on an unstable slope, then according to data information of vulnerable positions and vulnerable degrees of a stone blocking wall in a data cloud platform, an ultrasonic detector is adopted to carry out damage detection on the vulnerable positions of the stone blocking wall after the rolling stone disaster occurs, and damage ultrasonic wave velocity C of vulnerable positions is obtained1nAnd damage ultrasonic amplitude T1n；
The ultrasonic wave speed is defined as a damage variable to represent the damage characteristic of the interior of the stone blocking wall concrete under the action of the impact load of the rolling stones:
in the formula: dcnThe damage degree of different positions on the stone blocking wall is obtained; c1nThe damage ultrasonic wave speeds at different positions on the stone blocking wall are obtained; c0nThe initial back ultrasonic wave speeds at different positions on the stone blocking wall are obtained;
and (3) taking the change of the ultrasonic amplitude as a characteristic parameter of concrete damage, and assisting ultrasonic wave speed parameters to jointly evaluate the damage degree of the main body structure of the stone blocking wall under the impact load of the rolling stones.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the multistage energy consumption buffer system and the design method thereof provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that:
(1) by paving the vegetation on the unstable slope, not only can the effect of gradual energy consumption be achieved in the movement process of the rock rolling, but also the effects of soil fixation, slope protection and ecological and attractive appearance can be achieved on the side slope;
(2) the sand-steel plate-foam plastic composite cushion layer arranged in front of the stone blocking wall can provide a good buffering effect for the structural body and also provide a powerful guarantee for preventing the structural body from being greatly damaged due to the impact of rolling stones.
2. The method for monitoring the damage of the stone blocking wall structure has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the early stage of the operation of the protection project of the stone blocking wall structure, the stress state of the structure body under different rolling stone impact working conditions is simulated by adopting finite element numerical simulation software, the easily damaged range of the main structure of the stone blocking wall is obtained, data support is provided for accurately detecting the damage of the stone blocking wall structure after the rolling stone impact in the later stage, and the time and the cost for detecting the damage of the stone blocking wall structure are greatly saved;
(2) through developing the ultrasonic wave nondestructive test of the different vulnerable position departments of stone blocking wall around the stone roll is strikeed, can be accurate and the damage degree of quantitative evaluation stone blocking wall structure, the later stage engineering maintainer of being convenient for carries out timely maintenance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a multi-stage energy consumption buffer system and a damage monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage energy consumption buffer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of an embodiment of a method for monitoring damage to a stone barrier wall structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rock rolling impact barrage structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating compressive damage to a main body structure of a stone barrier wall under impact load of rock rolling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the tensile damage of the main body structure of the stone barrier wall under the impact load of the rock rolling.
Numbering in the figures: 1 is the rock, 2 is the vegetation, 3 is the sand bed, 4 is the steel deck, 5 is the foam layer, 6 is the concrete wall body.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a design method and a damage monitoring method of a multilevel energy consumption buffer system based on a stone blocking wall structure, as shown in figure 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s101, at the initial stage of construction of the rock rolling protection project, firstly, vegetation suitable for local soil conditions is paved on a potentially unstable slope surface around the protection project.
In a specific implementation, step S101 may specifically include: firstly, based on survey data of early-stage unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and manual on-site investigation, carrying out evaluation work on the stability and the harmfulness of dangerous rock masses, and dividing the stability and the harmfulness of the dangerous rock masses on unstable slopes, so as to obtain information such as types and distribution rules of the dangerous rock masses on the unstable slopes formed in the construction process of traffic and transportation engineering such as roads, railways and the like; then, based on the divided dangerous rock mass distribution range, vegetation suitable for local soil conditions is paved on the unstable slope surface, and the arrangement of the vegetation density degree is carried out according to the divided dangerous rock mass hazard degree, so that the effect of reducing impact energy in the process of collapse rock fall disaster movement can be achieved, and meanwhile, the effect of soil stabilization and slope protection can be achieved.
Specifically, at the initial stage of the construction of the rock rolling protection project, basic geological information of an unstable slope can be obtained by adopting unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and manual field investigation means. On the basis, the stability and the hazard evaluation are carried out on the dangerous rock mass on the slope in a qualitative or quantitative mode according to the existence form of the dangerous rock mass, and the dangerous rock mass characteristic and hazard analysis image is established by combining the evaluation result.
Then, according to the distribution range and the hazard degree of dangerous rock masses, vegetation with different density degrees and suitable for local growth is paved on the slope surface of the slope, for example, dangerous rock masses with larger hazard degrees exist in a certain area of an unstable slope, and denser vegetation can be paved in the distribution range of the dangerous rock masses, so that the kinetic energy accumulated by the dangerous rock masses in the motion process is reduced as much as possible; if dangerous rock mass exists in a certain area of the unstable slope and the damage degree is small, the vegetation can be loosely laid within the influence range, the beautiful greening effect is achieved, and the buffering effect can be achieved.
S102, arranging a stone blocking wall structure at the slope bottom of the unstable slope, wherein the stone blocking wall structure comprises a concrete wall body and a composite cushion layer formed by sand, steel plates and foamed plastics, and the composite cushion layer is located at the front end of the concrete wall body.
In a specific implementation, step S102 may specifically include: (1) setting a stone blocking wall structure, carrying out simulation work aiming at collapse rock disasters possibly generated on an unstable slope on the basis of Rocfall rock track simulation software according to the existing geological data and exploration data, and acquiring data such as the falling position and flight track of the rock; correspondingly calculating the impact force of the rolling stones according to relevant specifications, and providing design basis for the arrangement of the height, the thickness and the width of the stone blocking wall; (2) laying a sand-steel plate-foamed plastic composite cushion layer, laying a certain thickness of sand-steel plate-foamed plastic composite cushion layer in front of the stone blocking wall on the basis of laying the main structure of the stone blocking wall, and greatly reducing the impact force generated by impact of rolling stones on the stone blocking wall structure and saving the construction cost by integrating the convenience of sand material acquisition, good deformation characteristic, light weight, high resilience and better buffer performance of the foamed plastic; the steel plate can help to reduce the effective depth of the rolling stones penetrating into the sandy soil and the foamed plastic, and rigidity guarantee is provided for protecting the stone blocking wall structure from direct penetration of the rolling stones.
S103, during the operation of the rolling stone protection project, based on field investigation data, firstly, carrying out simulation calculation work successively by adopting a numerical simulation means according to different working conditions of the blocking stone wall structure impacted by the potential rolling stone disasters, and roughly judging and identifying the vulnerable position and the vulnerable degree of the blocking stone wall structure under the action of the rolling stone impact load by defining damage factors.
In a specific implementation, step S103 may specifically include: firstly, according to the size and the position of a dangerous rock mass in early practical investigation and in combination with the size and the position information of a multi-stage stone blocking wall structure, establishing a numerical model of a rolling stone impact multi-stage stone blocking wall system under different working conditions by adopting finite element numerical simulation software;
and then, selecting a constitutive model and parameters for materials such as rolling stones, sand, foamed plastics and the like related to the numerical model, wherein the main body structure of the stone blocking wall is mostly formed by concrete, and a concrete plastic damage model is selected for description in order to accurately describe the dynamic behavior and damage characteristics of the concrete structure under the impact load of the rolling stones. Wherein the damage factor is defined in view of energy loss:
in the formula, D is a concrete material damage factor; w0The strain energy density of the concrete material is not damaged; wεTo damage the strain energy density of the concrete material. On the basis of defining damage factors, strain energy density calculation is carried out on damaged concrete materials by adopting a Simpson integral method, and further, the change rule of the damage variable D and the tension or compression strain of the concrete is calculated and obtained on the basis of the uniaxial tension and compression constitutive relation of the concrete.
According to GB50010-2010 "concrete structure design specifications", it can be known that the tension-compression constitutive equations of concrete are:
when x is less than or equal to 1,
y＝αax+(3-2αa)x2+(αa-2)x3 (2)
when x is greater than 1, the compound is,
in the formula:
alpha a-is a parameter value of a rising section of a uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve;
αd-values of parameters of the descending section of the uniaxial compressive stress-strain curve;
fc-is the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete;
εcis-is and fcCorresponding concrete peak compressive strain.
When x is less than or equal to 1,
y＝1.2x-0.2x6 (6)
when x is greater than 1, the compound is,
in the formula:
αt-a parameter value for the descending segment of the uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve;
ft-is the uniaxial tensile strength of the concrete;
εtis-is and ftCorresponding concrete peak tensile strain.
On the basis of defining a material constitutive model, numerical calculation work of the rock rolling impact blocking wall structure under different working conditions is carried out by dividing grids, setting boundary conditions and load conditions. After the calculation is finished, the tensile or compression damage range of the stone blocking wall structure under different working conditions can be obtained through the post-processing function of the numerical simulation software.
And S104, rapidly and locally detecting by using an ultrasonic nondestructive detection means on site according to the vulnerable position and the vulnerable degree data of the stone blocking wall calculated by the numerical simulation software, and accurately judging the damage degree of the stone blocking wall structure.
In specific implementation, the step S104 may specifically include further constructing a corresponding data cloud platform to store and call the vulnerable data of the stone barrier wall structure in the pulled or pressed damage range of the stone barrier wall structure calculated by the numerical simulation software under different rolling stone impact conditions.
During the completion of the rolling stone protection project, an ultrasonic detector can be adopted to sequentially detect vulnerable parts on the stone blocking wall structure, and the initial ultrasonic wave speed C of the vulnerable parts is obtained0nAnd initial ultrasonic amplitude T0n。
During the operation of the rolling stone protection project, once a rolling stone disaster occurs, the rolling stone disaster can be timely discovered through a satellite remote sensing means and a wireless sensor is arranged on an unstable slope, then the damage of the damageable position of the stone blocking wall after the rolling stone disaster occurs can be detected by adopting an ultrasonic detector according to the data information of the damageable position and the damageable degree of the stone blocking wall in a data cloud platform, and the damage ultrasonic wave velocity C of the damageable position is obtained1nAnd damage ultrasonic amplitude T1n。
The ultrasonic wave speed is defined as a damage variable to represent the damage characteristic of the interior of the stone blocking wall concrete under the action of the impact load of the rolling stones:
in the formula:
Dcn-the damage degree at different positions on the stone blocking wall;
C1n-the damage ultrasonic wave velocity at different positions on the stone blocking wall;
C0nthe initial back ultrasonic wave speed at different positions on the stone blocking wall.
The change of the ultrasonic wave amplitude can be used as a characteristic parameter of concrete damage, and the damage degree of the main body structure of the stone blocking wall under the impact load of the rolling stones is evaluated together by the aid of ultrasonic wave speed parameters. Evaluation-based damage degree D of stone blocking wall structure at different positions under impact load of rolling stonescn。
It should be noted that, since the case description of the multi-stage energy-consuming buffer system provided in the embodiment of the present invention needs to be designed and explained with respect to a specific slope condition, no specific embodiment is mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-stage energy-consuming buffer system.
The following describes the damage monitoring method based on the stone blocking wall structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention in detail by using an example of a rolling stone impact multi-stage stone blocking wall structure, and fig. 3 is an implementation idea diagram of the method:
as shown in fig. 4, assume a spherical roller stone with a radius of 0.8m impacts the multistage barrage wall structure at a velocity of 40.0 m/s. Wherein, block stone wall structure comprises 4 parts: (1) sand cushion layer: the width of the upper top surface of the sandy soil cushion layer is 0.2m, the width of the lower bottom surface of the sandy soil cushion layer is 0.8m, the height of the sandy soil cushion layer is 3.0m, and the longitudinal length of the sandy soil cushion layer is 10.0 m; (2) steel plate layer: the thickness of the steel plate is 4.0mm, the height is 3.0m, and the longitudinal length is 10.0 m; (3) EPE foam plastic layer: the EPE foam has a thickness of 0.1m, a height of 3.0m and a longitudinal length of 10.0 m; (4) stone block wall body construction (i.e. concrete wall): the width of the upper top surface of the main structure of the stone blocking wall is 1.0m, the width of the lower bottom surface of the main structure of the stone blocking wall is 2.0m, the height of the main structure of the stone blocking wall is 3.0m, and the longitudinal length of the main structure of the stone blocking wall is 10.0 m.
Carrying out material parameter assignment on the basis of establishing the rolling stone impact multistage stone blocking wall structure body. Wherein the rolling stone is rigid body, and has density of 2500kg/m3(ii) a The sand cushion adopts a Drucker-Prager model, and the density is considered to be 2000kg/m3The internal friction angle is 48 degrees, the elastic modulus is 0.039GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.3; the steel plate adopts an elastic-plastic model, and the density is 7850kg/m3The elastic modulus is 200GPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.3; the EPE Foam adopts a Low sensitivity Foam model and has a Density of 25kg/m3The elastic modulus is 0.27MPa, and the Poisson ratio is 0.13; the main structure of the stone blocking wall adopts a concrete plastic damage model, and the density is 2390kg/m3The modulus of elasticity was 31.5GPa, and the Poisson's ratio was 0.2.
And further executing grid division, contact setting and load boundary condition setting through material assignment, and finally carrying out numerical simulation calculation.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, for the damage calculation result of the rolling stone impact multistage barrage wall structure under a single working condition, the pulled and pressed damage position and the damage degree of the barrage wall main body structure under the current rolling stone impact working condition can be obviously identified from the graph, which mainly shows that the damage is obvious at the rolling stone impact center and near the bottom of the barrage wall, so that the ultrasonic detection instrument can be mainly arranged at the position for targeted detection.
Further, during the completion of the stone barrier wall structure, arranging an ultrasonic detection instrument at the vulnerable part for measurement in an initial state to obtain the initial ultrasonic wave speed C0nAnd initial ultrasonic amplitude T0n。
Furthermore, during the operation of the rolling stone protection project, once a rolling stone disaster happens, the rolling stone disaster can be timely discovered through a satellite remote sensing means and a wireless sensor arranged on an unstable slope, then the same vulnerable part is subjected to damage detection by adopting an ultrasonic detector, and the damage ultrasonic wave speed C of the vulnerable part is obtained1nAnd damage ultrasonic amplitude T1n。
Furthermore, quantitative evaluation work of the damage of the stone barrier wall structure is carried out through the damage judgment formula based on the ultrasonic wave speed change, and the change of the ultrasonic wave amplitude can assist ultrasonic wave speed parameters to jointly evaluate the damage degree of the stone barrier wall main body structure under the impact load of the rolling stones.
The multistage energy consumption buffer system, the design method and the stone blocking wall structure damage monitoring method provided by the invention are introduced in detail, a specific example is applied in the text to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the damage monitoring method, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the method; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The multistage energy consumption buffer system is characterized by comprising vegetation and a stone blocking wall structure, wherein the vegetation is paved on the slope surface of an unstable slope, and the stone blocking wall structure is arranged at the bottom of the unstable slope; the stone blocking wall structure comprises a concrete wall body and a composite cushion layer, wherein the composite cushion layer is positioned at the front end of the concrete wall body; the composite cushion layer sequentially comprises a first software buffer layer, a hard buffer layer and a second software buffer layer from front to back.
2. The multi-stage energy dissipating cushioning system of claim 1, wherein the first soft cushioning layer is a sand layer, the second soft cushioning layer is a foam layer, and the hard cushioning layer is a steel layer.
3. The design method of the multi-stage energy consumption buffer system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
paving vegetation on the slope surface of the unstable slope;
arranging a stone blocking wall structure at the slope bottom of the unstable slope; the stone blocking wall structure comprises a concrete wall body and a composite cushion layer, wherein the composite cushion layer is positioned at the front end of the concrete wall body; the composite cushion layer sequentially comprises a first software buffer layer, a hard buffer layer and a second software buffer layer from front to back.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of laying vegetation comprises:
based on survey data of early-stage unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and manual on-site investigation, firstly, evaluating the stability and the hazard of dangerous rock masses, and dividing the stability and the hazard of the dangerous rock masses on an unstable slope so as to obtain the type and the distribution rule information of the dangerous rock masses on the unstable slope; and then, based on the divided dangerous rock mass distribution range, vegetation suitable for local soil conditions is paved on the unstable slope surface, and the arrangement of the vegetation density degree is developed according to the divided dangerous rock mass hazard degree.
5. The design method of multi-stage energy-consuming buffer system of claim 3, wherein the first soft buffer layer is a sand layer, the second soft buffer layer is a foam plastic layer, and the hard buffer layer is a steel plate layer.
6. The design method of the multi-stage energy-consuming buffer system according to claim 3, wherein the step of arranging the stone blocking wall structure further comprises:
according to the existing geological data and survey data, simulation work is carried out on the basis of rolling stone track simulation software aiming at the possible collapse rolling stone disasters generated on an unstable slope, and the falling position and the flight track of the rolling stone are obtained; and calculating the impact force of the rolling stones according to the engineering specification, and providing design basis for the arrangement of the height, the thickness and the width of the stone blocking wall structure.
7. A method of monitoring damage to a stone retaining wall structure for use in a stone retaining wall structure as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, during operation of the rolling stone protection project, based on field investigation data, firstly carrying out simulation calculation work successively by adopting a numerical simulation means aiming at different working conditions of the stone blocking wall structure impacted by the potential rolling stone disasters, and roughly judging and identifying the vulnerable position and the vulnerable degree of the stone blocking wall structure under the action of the rolling stone impact load by defining damage factors;
s2, according to the damage position and damage degree data of the stone blocking wall structure calculated by the numerical simulation software, rapid local detection is carried out regularly on site by adopting an ultrasonic nondestructive detection means, and the damage degree of the stone blocking wall structure is identified relatively accurately.
8. The method for monitoring damage to a stone blocking wall structure of claim 7, wherein step S1 specifically includes:
firstly, according to the size and the position of a dangerous rock mass in early practical investigation and in combination with the size and the position information of a multi-stage stone blocking wall structure, establishing a numerical model of a rolling stone impact multi-stage stone blocking wall system under different working conditions by adopting finite element numerical simulation software;
subsequently, selecting a constitutive model and parameters for the materials involved in the numerical model;
defining a damage factor from the angle of energy loss, calculating strain energy density of a damaged concrete material on the basis of defining the damage factor, and further calculating to obtain a change rule of a damage variable and the tensile or compressive strain of the concrete on the basis of the uniaxial tension and compressive constitutive relation of the concrete;
on the basis of defining a material constitutive model, carrying out numerical calculation work of impacting the stone blocking wall structure by the rolling stones under different working conditions by dividing grids, setting boundary conditions and load conditions, and acquiring the tensile or compression damage range of the stone blocking wall structure under different working conditions through a numerical simulation software post-processing function after the calculation is finished.
9. A method of monitoring damage to a stone barrier wall structure as claimed in claim 8 wherein the damage factor is defined according to the formula:
in the formula, D is a concrete material damage factor; w0The strain energy density of the concrete material is not damaged; wεIn order to damage the concrete materialAnd (4) variable energy density.
10. The method for monitoring damage to a stone blocking wall structure of claim 7 or 8, wherein the step S2 specifically includes:
the tensile or compression damage range of the stone barrier wall structure under different rolling stone impact working conditions is calculated through numerical simulation software, and a corresponding data cloud platform is further constructed to store and call the vulnerable data of the stone barrier wall structure;
during the completion period of the rolling stone protection project, sequentially detecting vulnerable parts on the stone blocking wall structure by adopting an ultrasonic detector, and acquiring the initial ultrasonic wave velocity C of the vulnerable parts0nAnd initial ultrasonic amplitude T0n；
During the operation of the rolling stone protection project, once a rolling stone disaster occurs, according to data information of the damble position and the damageability of the damble wall in the data cloud platform, an ultrasonic detector is adopted to carry out damage detection on the damageable position of the damble wall after the rolling stone disaster occurs, and the damage ultrasonic wave speed C of the damageable part is obtained1nAnd damage ultrasonic amplitude T1n；
The ultrasonic wave speed is defined as a damage variable to represent the damage characteristic of the interior of the stone blocking wall concrete under the action of the impact load of the rolling stones:
in the formula: dcnThe damage degree of different positions on the stone blocking wall is obtained; c1nThe damage ultrasonic wave speeds at different positions on the stone blocking wall are obtained; c0nThe initial back ultrasonic wave speeds at different positions on the stone blocking wall are obtained;
and (3) taking the change of the ultrasonic amplitude as a characteristic parameter of concrete damage, and assisting ultrasonic wave speed parameters to jointly evaluate the damage degree of the main body structure of the stone blocking wall under the impact load of the rolling stones.
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