CN113652564B - Method for smelting high-temperature alloy by using return material - Google Patents
Method for smelting high-temperature alloy by using return material Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for smelting high-temperature alloy by using return materials. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a high-temperature alloy preparation raw material; preparing raw materials including high-temperature alloy ingots fixed with electrodes, return materials in a return material feeder and alloy slag materials in a crystallizer; according to the diameter of the crystallizer, determining the slagging voltage and the slagging current of a power supply so as to melt the alloy slag charge in the crystallizer; determining the smelting voltage and the smelting current of the power supply according to the slagging voltage and the slagging current of the power supply so as to melt the return materials and the high-temperature alloy ingot; determining the flow rate of the return material supplied by the return material feeder according to the diameter of the crystallizer; and when the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches the preset mass, stopping supplying the return material supplier, and turning off the smelting voltage and the smelting current of the power supply. The method can reduce the treatment process of the return material, realizes the high-purity recovery of the high-temperature alloy return material, and has lower impurity element content and impurity content in the prepared high-temperature alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for smelting high-temperature alloy by using return materials.
Background
The high-temperature alloy has excellent oxidation resistance, low cycle fatigue and creep resistance, is widely applied in the fields of gas turbines, rocket engines, nuclear reactors and the like, and is a key material for developing and producing novel aero-engines. The waste materials such as stub bars, risers, chips, scrapped parts and the like are inevitably generated in the production, processing and use processes of the high-temperature alloy and are called high-temperature alloy return materials. The high-temperature alloy contains various precious metal resources, the utilization efficiency of important metal resources can be directly improved by improving the recycling level of the high-temperature alloy return material, the win-win purpose of resources and energy is realized, and the strategic significance is important.
The high-temperature alloy return material is characterized by high content of impurity elements (O, N, S) and inclusions (carbides and oxides) and high processing difficulty, but the element composition and the alloy components basically accord with each other. At present, the treatment method of the high-temperature alloy return material is usually to perform complex purification treatment on the return material and then mix the return material with new materials for use. For example, patent publication No. CN110373536A describes a method of treating scrap-like return material by briquetting, but the process is complicated, and inclusions and impurity elements in the return material cannot be effectively removed in the mixing use with new material in vacuum induction melting, thereby lowering the alloy grade.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for smelting a superalloy using a return material to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for smelting high-temperature alloy by using return materials, which is used for reducing the treatment process of the return materials, realizing high-purity recovery of the high-temperature alloy return materials, and ensuring that the prepared high-temperature alloy has lower impurity element content and inclusion content.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for smelting high-temperature alloy by using return materials, which is applied to a device for smelting high-temperature alloy, and the device comprises: the device comprises a crystallizer, a cooling assembly, a return feeder, an electrode, a high-temperature alloy ingot and a power supply; the crystallizer is provided with an opening and a cavity communicated with the opening; the cooling assemblies are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the crystallizer and are used for cooling the crystallizer; the return feeder is arranged at an opening of the crystallizer and is used for feeding return into the cavity; the high-temperature alloy ingot is fixed on the electrode, the electrode is electrically connected with the power supply, and the electrode is used for introducing current to the high-temperature alloy ingot;
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a high-temperature alloy preparation raw material; wherein the preparation raw material comprises a high-temperature alloy ingot fixed with the electrode, a return material in the return material feeder and an alloy slag material in the crystallizer;
determining the slagging voltage and the slagging current of the power supply according to the diameter of the crystallizer so as to melt the alloy slag in the crystallizer;
determining the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply according to the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply so as to melt the return materials and the high-temperature alloy ingot;
determining the flow rate of the return feed supplied by the return feeder according to the diameter of the crystallizer;
and when the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches the preset mass, stopping the supply of the return material supplier, and closing the smelting voltage and the smelting current of the power supply.
In one possible design, the preparing raw materials of the high-temperature alloy comprises:
determining the diameter of the high-temperature alloy ingot according to the diameter of the crystallizer;
feeding the pretreated returns to the returns feeder;
and determining the quality of the alloy slag charge according to the quality of the high-temperature alloy ingot.
In one possible design, the determining a diameter of the high temperature alloy ingot according to a diameter of the crystallizer includes:
determining a diameter of the superalloy ingot according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the diameter of the high-temperature alloy ingot is mm; k is a filling ratio, and 0.5-0.55 is taken;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
In one possible design, the pretreatment of the return material comprises:
and (3) washing the initial return material by using ultrasonic waves for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, and taking out and baking the initial return material for 1-2 hours at 600-800 ℃.
In one possible design, the determining the quality of the alloy slag based on the quality of the superalloy ingot includes:
determining the mass of the alloy slag charge according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the mass of the alloy slag charge, kg;
selecting a coefficient for the slag amount, and taking 0.048-0.052;
the mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot is kg.
In one possible design, the composition of the alloy slag includes CaF2、CaO、Al2O3、TiO2And Na2O, wherein CaF255-65% of CaO, 15-25% of Al2O315-20% of TiO21-3% of Na2The mass percentage of O is 3-6%.
In one possible design, the determining of the slagging voltage and slagging current of the power supply according to the diameter of the crystallizer comprises:
determining the slagging voltage of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the slagging voltage, V, of the power supply;
taking the slag melting voltage proportionality coefficient as 0.042-0.043;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm;
taking 30-35V as a basic voltage;
determining the slagging current of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the slagging current, kA, of the power supply;
taking 2.35-3.42 as a slag melting current proportional coefficient;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm; .
In one possible design, the determining the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply according to the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply comprises:
determining a melting voltage of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the melting voltage, V, of the power supply;
taking 0.83-0.86 as a smelting voltage proportional coefficient;
is the slagging voltage, V, of the power supply;
determining a melting current of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the melting current of the power supply, kA;
taking 0.89-0.92 as a smelting current proportion coefficient;
is the slagging current, kA, of the power supply.
In one possible design, the determining the flow rate of the return feed supplied by the return feeder according to the diameter of the crystallizer comprises:
determining the flow rate of the return feed from the return feeder according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the supply flow rate of the return material is kg/h; t is the feeding proportion coefficient, and is 0.29-0.32;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
In one possible design, after the preparing raw materials of the high-temperature alloy and before the determining the slagging voltage and the slagging current of the power supply, the method further comprises the following steps:
and sequentially carrying out furnace charging, centering, furnace sealing and argon filling.
According to the scheme, by utilizing the high temperature and the high fluidity of the alloy slag, when the return material is added into a molten pool (namely the molten pool formed by the alloy slag), the return material can be fully melted, so that impurity elements and impurities in the return material float upwards after reacting with substances in the alloy slag, and after the alloy in the crystallizer is cooled, the floating object and the high-purity alloy can be layered, so that the high-purity high-temperature alloy is obtained after the alloy of the floating object is cooled. Therefore, the technical scheme can reduce the treatment process of the return material, realize the high-purity recovery of the high-temperature alloy return material, and the prepared high-temperature alloy has lower impurity element content and inclusion content.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for smelting a superalloy by using return materials according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for smelting a superalloy according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the morphology of an oxide inclusion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a crystallizer; 2-a cooling assembly; 3-a return feeder; 4-an electrode; 5-high temperature alloy ingot; 6-a power supply; 7-a valve; 8-supernatant; 9-high temperature alloy.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer and more complete, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention, and based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for smelting a superalloy, including: the device comprises a crystallizer 1, a cooling assembly 2, a return feed feeder 3, an electrode 4, a high-temperature alloy ingot 5 and a power supply 6; the crystallizer 1 is provided with an opening and a cavity communicated with the opening; the cooling assemblies 2 are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the crystallizer 1 and are used for cooling the crystallizer 1; the return feeder 4 is arranged at the opening of the crystallizer 1, the bottom of the return feeder 4 is provided with a valve 7, and the return feeder 4 is enabled to add return to the cavity by controlling the valve 7; the high-temperature alloy ingot 5 is fixed on an electrode 4, the electrode 4 is electrically connected with a power supply, and the electrode 4 is used for introducing current to the high-temperature alloy ingot 5. After the power supply 6 is turned on, the electrode 4, the high-temperature alloy ingot 5, and the molten alloy in the mold 1 form a current path, thereby generating a large amount of joule heat to melt the alloy slag, the high-temperature alloy ingot 5, and the return charge.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for smelting a superalloy using return materials, including:
In this step, the preparation raw materials include a high-temperature alloy ingot 5 fixed to the electrode, a return charge in the return charge feeder 3, and an alloy slag charge in the crystallizer 1.
In some embodiments, step 100 specifically comprises:
and A1, determining the diameter of the high-temperature alloy ingot 5 according to the diameter of the crystallizer.
In some embodiments, step a1 specifically includes:
the diameter of the superalloy ingot 5 is determined according to the following equation:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the diameter of the high-temperature alloy ingot 5 is mm; k is a filling ratio, and 0.5-0.55 is taken;
the diameter of the crystallizer 1, mm.
In this embodiment, a filling ratio of 0.5 to 0.55 is selected, so that there is enough space between the electrode 4 and the crystallizer 1 to ensure smooth feeding of the return material. The diameter of the high temperature alloy ingot 5 at the packing ratio is relatively small, so that heat generated at the end of the high temperature alloy ingot 5 is more concentrated, and the depth of a molten pool formed in the crystallizer 1 can be increased to facilitate floating of inclusions because the high temperature alloy ingot 5 is arranged above the center of the crystallizer 1.
Step a2, add the pretreated returns to the returns feeder.
In some embodiments, the pretreatment of the return material comprises:
and (3) washing the initial return material by using ultrasonic waves for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, and taking out and baking the initial return material for 1-2 hours at 600-800 ℃.
In this embodiment, after the pretreatment of the above steps is performed on the returning material, it can be ensured that oil stains and water on the surface of the returning material are removed completely, so that the returning material can be prevented from exploding in the smelting process.
In order to ensure that the temperature of the return fed into the crystallizer 1 is high, the return stored in the return feeder 3 may be kept warm, for example, at a temperature of 500 ℃ ± 50 ℃.
And A3, determining the quality of the alloy slag according to the quality of the high-temperature alloy ingot 5.
In some embodiments, step a3 specifically includes:
determining the mass of the alloy slag charge according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the mass of the alloy slag charge, kg;
selecting a coefficient for the slag amount, and taking 0.048-0.052;
is the mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot in kg.
In the embodiment, the quality of the alloy slag is a key process parameter in the method for smelting the high-temperature alloy, and the higher quality of the alloy slag can cause the molten pool to become shallow, so that the inclusions do not have enough time to float; the lower quality of the alloy slag results in insufficient heat in the bath, which further results in inefficient melting of the return material.
In some embodiments, the composition of the alloyed slag includes CaF2、CaO、Al2O3、TiO2And Na2O, wherein CaF255-65% of CaO, 15-25% of Al2O315-20% of TiO21-3% of Na2The mass percentage of O is 3-6%.
In the present embodiment, by using a high CaF2Adding Na into alloy slag charge2And O, the viscosity of the alloy slag can be effectively reduced, so that the alloy slag flows sufficiently in the smelting process, and the return material can be in sufficient contact with the alloy slag to accelerate the melting.
In some embodiments, the alloy slag may be pretreated, for example, the alloy slag is baked at 850 ℃ ± 50 ℃ for 5-6 hours in vacuum, so as to reduce dissolved oxygen, air and moisture in the slag, reduce active oxygen-prone burning loss, ensure rapid slag melting, effectively desulfurize, and inhibit aluminum-titanium burning loss.
In some embodiments, if the assembly of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is not completed, the operations of charging, centering, sealing and argon filling are performed in sequence, for example, the flow of argon can be controlled at 60-100L/min, and the grain size of the initial alloy slag is less than or equal to 6 mm.
And 102, determining the slagging voltage and the slagging current of a power supply according to the diameter of the crystallizer so as to melt the alloy slag in the crystallizer.
In some embodiments, step 102 specifically includes:
determining the slagging voltage of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the slagging voltage, V, of the power supply;
taking the slag melting voltage proportionality coefficient as 0.042-0.043;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm;
taking 30-35V as a basic voltage;
determining the slagging current of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
slagging current of a power supply, A;
taking 2.35-3.42 as a slag melting current proportional coefficient;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
In the embodiment, the higher slagging voltage and slagging current are selected, so that the molten pool can be ensured to be established quickly, and the slagging time can be within 2.5 hours. Moreover, the slagging voltage is in direct proportion to the diameter of the crystallizer, because the larger the diameter of the crystallizer is, the higher the heat required for slagging is, and the slagging voltage is slowly increased along with the increase of the diameter of the crystallizer; the slagging current is a quadratic function of the diameter of the crystallizer, since the current generates joule heat in the slag of the crystallizer, the heat required increasing significantly with increasing diameter of the crystallizer.
And step 104, determining the smelting voltage and the smelting current of the power supply according to the slagging voltage and the slagging current of the power supply so as to melt the return materials and the high-temperature alloy ingot.
It should be noted that a plurality of, for example, four, return feeders 3 are provided, and one is provided above the mold 1 at every 90 °, so that uniformity of the feeding of the return can be ensured. In addition, the return materials are added after the alloy slag materials are melted.
In some embodiments, step 104 specifically includes:
determining the melting voltage of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the melting voltage of the power supply, V;
taking 0.83-0.86 as a smelting voltage proportional coefficient;
is the slagging voltage, V, of the power supply;
determining the smelting current of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the melting current of the power supply, A;
taking 0.89-0.92 as a smelting current proportion coefficient;
is the slagging current, kA, of the power supply.
In the embodiment, in the stable smelting period, the flow rate of cooling water in the cooling assembly is 620 +/-50L/min. The higher smelting voltage, current and smelting speed can ensure that the temperature of the molten pool is higher and the stirring is violent, so as to ensure that the return material is fully contacted with the alloy slag after being added and is completely melted. In addition, a deeper molten pool is formed, and inclusions such as oxides, carbides and sulfides in the melt can be effectively thrown out of the alloy and into the molten pool.
And step 106, determining the flow rate of the return material supplied by the return material feeder according to the diameter of the crystallizer.
In some embodiments, step 106 specifically includes:
determining the flow rate of the return supplied by the return feeder according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the supply flow rate of the return material is kg/h; t is the feeding proportion coefficient, and is 0.29-0.32;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
In this embodiment, on the basis of ensuring that the return material is sufficiently melted, a proper feeding proportionality coefficient is set, so that the problem of arcing caused by filling the gap between the crystallizer 1 and the electrode 4 during feeding of the return material is avoided. That is, if the return material fills the gap between the mold 1 and the electrode 4, the current will return through the return material and the mold, and relatively less current will flow through the molten bath. It should be noted that the alloy slag after melting corresponds to a large resistance, so that a large amount of joule heat can be generated, which can facilitate melting the return material.
And 108, stopping supplying the return material supplier when the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches the preset mass, and turning off the smelting voltage and the smelting current of the power supply.
In some embodiments, the preset mass may be 20% of the initial mass, where the preset mass is present.
It should be noted that the cooling modules 2 are all in an open state, and the flow rate of the cooling water before and after the melting may be the same or different. In some embodiments, the flow of cooling water after melting is greater than the flow of cooling water before melting, which may accelerate cooling of the superalloy 9 in the molten bath.
In summary, by utilizing the high temperature and high fluidity of the alloy slag, when the return material is added into a molten pool (i.e. a molten pool formed by the alloy slag) with a higher temperature, the return material can be fully melted, so that impurity elements and inclusions in the return material float upwards after reacting with substances in the alloy slag, and after the alloy in the crystallizer is cooled, the floating object 8 and the high-purity high-temperature alloy 9 can be layered, so that the alloy after the floating object 8 is cooled is removed, and the high-purity high-temperature alloy is obtained. Therefore, the technical scheme can reduce the treatment process of the return material, realize the high-purity recovery of the high-temperature alloy return material, and the prepared high-temperature alloy has lower impurity element content and inclusion content.
Meanwhile, the diameter of a high-temperature alloy ingot, the quality and the components of alloy slag, the slag melting voltage and the slag melting current, and the melting voltage and the melting current are designed, so that the return material passes through a molten pool with higher temperature, the depth of the molten pool in the crystallizer is large, the return material can be fully melted, and impurities such as carbide, oxide and the like in the alloy can be removed in a floating manner.
The above technical solution is illustrated below with four examples.
Example one
An exemplary GH4169 alloy, by mass percent, comprises: 0.06% of C, 52% of Ni, 19% of Cr, 3.1% of Mo, 0.002% of B, 0.95% of Ti, 0.6% of Al, 5.22% of Nb and the balance of Fe.
1) The high-temperature alloy ingot prepared from the GH4169 alloy is 340mm in diameter, 1600kg in mass and 660mm in diameter of a crystallizer;
2) and (2) ultrasonically washing a return material generated in the using process of the GH4169 alloy for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, taking out the return material, baking the return material for 2 hours at 750 ℃, and preserving the heat at 500 +/-50 ℃ for later use.
3) Preparing alloy slag, wherein the components of the alloy slag are CaF according to mass percentage2（58%）+CaO（19%）+Al2O3（17%）+TiO2（1.5%）+Na2O (4.5%), and baking the alloy slag for 5 hours at 870 ℃ in vacuum, wherein the mass of the alloy slag is 80 kg.
4) The slagging voltage is determined to be 58.38V, and the slagging current is 6613A.
5) And (3) supplying return materials, determining that the smelting voltage is 48.46V, the smelting current is 5890A, and meanwhile, supplying the return materials by a return material supplier with the flow rate of the supplied return materials being 198 kg/h.
6) When the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches 20% of the initial mass, the supply of the return material feeder is stopped, and the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply are turned off.
7) The O, N, S content and the number density of the inclusions in the high-temperature alloy after smelting are detected, and the appearance of the oxide inclusions is shown in figure 3.
Example two
An exemplary GH4169 alloy, by mass percent, comprises: 0.06% of C, 52% of Ni, 19% of Cr, 3.1% of Mo, 0.002% of B, 0.95% of Ti, 0.6% of Al, 5.22% of Nb and the balance of Fe.
1) The high-temperature alloy ingot prepared from the GH4169 alloy is 250mm in diameter, 1000kg in mass and 480mm in diameter of a crystallizer;
2) and (2) ultrasonically washing a return material generated in the using process of the GH4169 alloy for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, taking out the return material, baking the return material for 2 hours at 750 ℃, and preserving the heat at 500 +/-50 ℃ for later use.
3) Preparing alloy slag, wherein the components of the alloy slag are CaF according to mass percentage2（58%）+CaO（19%）+Al2O3（17%）+TiO2（1.5%）+Na2O（4.5 percent) and baking the alloy slag charge for 5 hours at 870 ℃ in vacuum, wherein the mass of the alloy slag charge is 50 kg.
4) The slagging voltage is determined to be 42.63V, and the slagging current is determined to be 3936A.
5) And (3) supplying return materials, determining that the smelting voltage is 35.81V, the smelting current is 3542A, and simultaneously, the flow rate of the return materials supplied by the return material feeders is 144 kg/h.
6) When the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches 20% of the initial mass, the supply of the return material feeder is stopped, and the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply are turned off.
7) The O, N, S content and the number density of inclusions in the molten superalloy were measured.
EXAMPLE III
An exemplary GH4738 alloy comprises, in mass percent: 0.05% of C, 19% of Cr, 13% of Co, 3.8% of Mo, 0.07% of B, 3.01% of Ti, 1.40% of Al, 0.05% of Zr and the balance of Ni.
1) The diameter of a high-temperature alloy ingot prepared from the GH4738 alloy is 340mm, the mass is 1600kg, and the diameter of a crystallizer is 660 mm;
2) and (2) ultrasonically washing a return material generated in the using process of the GH4169 alloy for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, taking out the return material, baking the return material for 2 hours at 750 ℃, and preserving the heat at 500 +/-50 ℃ for later use.
3) Preparing alloy slag, wherein the components of the alloy slag are CaF according to mass percentage2（58%）+CaO（19%）+Al2O3（17%）+TiO2（1.5%）+Na2O (4.5%), and baking the alloy slag for 5 hours at 870 ℃ in vacuum, wherein the mass of the alloy slag is 80 kg.
4) The slagging voltage is determined to be 58.38V, and the slagging current is 6613A.
5) And (3) supplying return materials, determining that the smelting voltage is 48.46V, the smelting current is 5890A, and meanwhile, supplying the return materials by a return material supplier with the flow rate of the supplied return materials being 198 kg/h.
6) When the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches 20% of the initial mass, the supply of the return material feeder is stopped, and the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply are turned off.
7) The O, N, S content and the number density of inclusions in the molten superalloy were measured.
Comparative example
An exemplary GH4169 alloy, by mass percent, comprises: 0.06% of C, 52% of Ni, 19% of Cr, 3.1% of Mo, 0.002% of B, 0.95% of Ti, 0.6% of Al, 5.22% of Nb and the balance of Fe.
1) The high-temperature alloy ingot prepared from the GH4169 alloy is 340mm in diameter, 1600kg in mass and 660mm in diameter of a crystallizer;
2) and (2) ultrasonically washing a return material generated in the using process of the GH4169 alloy for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, taking out the return material, baking the return material for 2 hours at 750 ℃, and preserving the heat at 500 +/-50 ℃ for later use.
3) Preparing alloy slag, wherein the components of the alloy slag are CaF according to mass percentage2（50%）+CaO（20%）+Al2O3（22%）+TiO2(3%) and roasting the alloy slag material for 5 hours at 870 ℃ in vacuum, wherein the mass of the alloy slag material is 80 kg.
4) The slagging voltage is determined to be 58.38V, and the slagging current is 6613A.
5) And (3) supplying return materials, determining that the smelting voltage is 48.46V, the smelting current is 5890A, and meanwhile, supplying the return materials by a return material supplier with the flow rate of the supplied return materials being 198 kg/h.
6) When the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches 20% of the initial mass, the supply of the return material feeder is stopped, and the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply are turned off.
7) The O, N, S content and the number density of inclusions in the molten superalloy were measured.
The results of the detected O, N, S content and the number density of inclusions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the method is suitable for high-temperature alloy return stocks with different diameters and brandsSmelting, and the purity is high, namely the impurity element content and the inclusion content of the prepared high-temperature alloy are low. Specifically, as can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, since the alloy slag of examples one to three contained Na2And O, so that the viscosity of the alloy slag can be effectively reduced, the alloy slag flows sufficiently in the smelting process, the return slag can be in sufficient contact with the alloy slag, namely, the contact ratio area of the molten slag and the alloy return slag is increased, and the pure purification smelting of the alloy is facilitated. In contrast, the alloy slag of the comparative example did not contain Na2O, which is not favorable for the pure smelting of the alloy.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other similar elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it is to be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for smelting a high-temperature alloy by using return materials is characterized by being applied to a device for smelting the high-temperature alloy, and the device comprises the following components: the device comprises a crystallizer, a cooling assembly, a return feeder, an electrode, a high-temperature alloy ingot and a power supply; the crystallizer is provided with an opening and a cavity communicated with the opening; the cooling assemblies are arranged at the periphery and the bottom of the crystallizer and are used for cooling the crystallizer; the return feeder is arranged at an opening of the crystallizer and is used for feeding return into the cavity; the high-temperature alloy ingot is fixed on the electrode, the electrode is electrically connected with the power supply, and the electrode is used for introducing current to the high-temperature alloy ingot;
the method comprises the following steps:
preparing a high-temperature alloy preparation raw material; wherein the preparation raw material comprises a high-temperature alloy ingot fixed with the electrode, a return material in the return material feeder and an alloy slag material in the crystallizer;
determining the slagging voltage and the slagging current of the power supply according to the diameter of the crystallizer so as to melt the alloy slag in the crystallizer;
determining the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply according to the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply so as to melt the return materials and the high-temperature alloy ingot;
determining the flow rate of the return feed supplied by the return feeder according to the diameter of the crystallizer;
and when the residual mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot reaches the preset mass, stopping the supply of the return material supplier, and closing the smelting voltage and the smelting current of the power supply.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein preparing a feedstock for a superalloy comprises:
determining the diameter of the high-temperature alloy ingot according to the diameter of the crystallizer;
feeding the pretreated returns to the returns feeder;
and determining the quality of the alloy slag charge according to the quality of the high-temperature alloy ingot.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the diameter of the superalloy ingot based on the diameter of the crystallizer comprises:
determining a diameter of the superalloy ingot according to the following formula:
in the formula, D2The diameter of the high-temperature alloy ingot is mm; k is a filling ratio, and 0.5-0.55 is taken; d1Is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the pre-treating of the return material comprises:
and (3) washing the initial return material by using ultrasonic waves for 20-30 minutes in an alcohol bath, and taking out and baking the initial return material for 1-2 hours at 600-800 ℃.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the determining the mass of the alloy slag based on the mass of the superalloy ingot comprises:
determining the mass of the alloy slag charge according to the following formula:
in the formula, G2Is the mass of the alloy slag charge, kg;
selecting a coefficient for the slag amount, and taking 0.048-0.052; g1The mass of the high-temperature alloy ingot is kg.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition of the alloyed slag includes CaF2、CaO、Al2O3、TiO2And Na2O, wherein CaF255-65% of CaO, 15-25% of Al2O315-20% of TiO21-3% of Na2The mass percentage of O is 3-6%.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said determining a slagging voltage and a slagging current of said power supply according to a diameter of said crystallizer comprises:
determining the slagging voltage of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the slagging voltage, V, of the power supply;
taking the slag melting voltage proportionality coefficient as 0.042-0.043; d1Is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm;
taking 30-35V as a basic voltage;
determining the slagging current of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the slagging current, kA, of the power supply;
taking 2.35-3 to obtain a slag melting current proportionality coefficient.42；
Is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein determining the melting voltage and the melting current of the power supply from the slagging voltage and the slagging current of the power supply comprises:
determining a melting voltage of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the melting voltage, V, of the power supply;
taking 0.83-0.86 as a smelting voltage proportional coefficient;
is the slagging voltage, V, of the power supply;
determining a melting current of the power supply according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the melting current of the power supply, kA;
for smelting current proportionTaking the coefficient to be 0.89-0.92;
is the slagging current, kA, of the power supply.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein said determining the flow rate of the return feeder feeding the return based on the diameter of the crystallizer comprises:
determining the flow rate of the return feed from the return feeder according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the supply flow rate of the return material is kg/h; t is the feeding proportion coefficient, and is 0.29-0.32;
is the diameter of the crystallizer, mm.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising, after the preparing raw materials for the superalloy and before the determining a slagging voltage and a slagging current of the power source:
and sequentially carrying out furnace charging, centering, furnace sealing and argon filling.
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