CN113651928A - Oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses an oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer and a preparation method and application thereof. The oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (1), a formula (2) or a formula (3), a, b, c, d and e are respectively the mass percentages of a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer structural unit, an acrylamide monomer unit, an acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer unit, an acidic monomer unit and a styrene monomer unit, and a: b: c: d: e is 0.1 to 1.0: 10-20: 30-40: 10-20: 30-40 parts of; n is the polymerization degree of the cage type polysilsesquioxane, and n is 8, 10, 12 or 14; r1、R3、R5、R6、R7Independently selected from methyl, hydrogen; r2Selected from dimethylaminopropyl, C7-C18 fatty alkyl, hydrogen; r4Selected from C7-C18 fatty alkyl. The oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer has an obvious viscosity reducing effect on thick oil.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to an oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of oilfield development.
Background
The reserves of the heavy oil reservoirs in China are rich, and the potential productivity is huge. Because the thick oil has very complex composition and contains a large amount of macromolecular organic matters such as wax, colloid, asphaltene and the like and a small amount of heavy metal, the density and the viscosity of the thick oil are far higher than those of light crude oil, and the thick oil has poor fluidity at normal temperature, so that the thick oil is extremely difficult to recover and transport and has high industrial cost.
The oil-soluble viscosity reducer can effectively reduce the condensation point and viscosity of the thick oil, loosen the structure of the thick oil, improve the fluidity of the thick oil, and avoid the post-treatment problem caused by emulsification viscosity reduction, so the viscosity reduction by using the oil-soluble viscosity reducer is an effective method for solving the problems of thick oil exploitation, transportation and the like. In recent years, the research on oil-soluble viscosity reducers at home and abroad has been developed from binary copolymers to ternary and quaternary copolymers, and has made certain progress. However, the existing oil-soluble viscosity reducer has low effect, poor universality, relatively complex synthesis process and difficult operation.
The oil-soluble viscosity reducer molecules can break up the asphaltene colloid aggregate structure through forming hydrogen bonds with the colloid and the asphaltene, so that the structural viscosity of the thickened oil is reduced. At present, the oil-soluble pour point depressant is mainly used for reducing viscosity at home and abroad, is successfully applied to high-coagulation and high-viscosity crude oil, has good viscosity reduction effect at low temperature, but still has very high absolute viscosity; the oil-soluble viscosity reducer has few researches, has a general viscosity reducing effect and has a strong pertinence problem. Therefore, the research on the oil-soluble viscosity reducer which has good viscosity reduction effect, universality and simple synthesis process has important potential value.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an aspect of the application, an oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer is provided, the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer uses cage type Polysilsesquioxane (POSS) monomer as a core, and acrylamide monomer, acidic monomer, styrene monomer and acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer are added to generate free radical copolymerization reaction under the action of an initiator to obtain the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer, and the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer has an obvious viscosity reduction effect on thick oil.
An oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer, which is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (1), a formula (2) or a formula (3);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer structural unit, and the structural formula is selected from any one of structures shown in a formula (4), a formula (5) or a formula (6);
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3), a, b, c, d and e are respectively a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer structural unit, the mass percentages of an acrylamide monomer unit, an acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer unit, an acidic monomer unit and a styrene monomer unit, and a: b: c: d: e is 0.1 to 1.0: 10-20: 30-40: 10-20: 30-40 parts of;
in the formulas (4), (5) and (6), n is the polymerization degree of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane, and n is 8, 10, 12 or 14;
R1、R3、R5、R6、R7independently selected from any one of methyl and hydrogen;
R2any one selected from dimethylaminopropyl, C7-C18 fatty alkyl and hydrogen;
R4any one selected from C7-C18 fatty alkyl;
in the chemical formula represented by formula (1), formula (2) or formula (3), the order of the respective structural units is not limited, and they may be arranged in any order.
Alternatively, a: b: c: d: e is 0.1 to 1.0: 10-15: 35-40: 10-15: 35-40. Alternatively, a: b: c: d: e is 0.1 to 1.0: 10-12: 38-40: 10-12: 38-40.
According to another aspect of the present application, there is provided a preparation method of the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer, the preparation method comprising the following steps:
in a non-polar solvent, performing free radical copolymerization on a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer, an acrylamide monomer, an acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, an acidic monomer and a styrene monomer under the action of an initiator to obtain the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer;
the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (9), a formula (10) and a formula (11);
the acrylamide monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (12);
the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (13);
the acidic monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (14), a formula (15) and a formula (16);
the styrene monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (17);
wherein n is the polymerization degree of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane, and n is 8, 10, 12 or 14; r1, R3、R5、R6、R7Independently selected from any one of methyl and hydrogen;
R2any one selected from dimethylaminopropyl, C7-C18 fatty alkyl and hydrogen;
R4any one selected from C7-C18 fatty alkyl;
the weight ratio of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer, the acrylamide monomer, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, the acidic monomer and the styrene monomer is 0.1-1.0: 10-20: 30-40: 10-20: 30-40.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer, the acrylamide monomer, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, the acidic monomer and the styrene monomer is 0.1-1.0: 10-15: 35-40: 10-15: 35-40.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer, the acrylamide monomer, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, the acidic monomer and the styrene monomer is 0.1-1.0: 10-12: 38-40: 10-12: 38-40.
Alternatively, the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer is obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a silane coupling agent.
Alternatively, the silane coupling agent includes any one of methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethylsilane, vinyltriethylsilane.
Optionally, the acrylamide-based monomer comprises at least one of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) acrylamide, N-fatty alkyl methacrylamide; wherein the carbon chain length of the fatty alkyl group in the N-fatty alkyl acrylamide and N-fatty alkyl methacrylamide is C7-C18；
The acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer comprises at least one of acrylic fatty alcohol ester and methacrylic fatty alcohol ester; wherein the carbon chain length of the acrylic fatty alcohol ester and the methacrylic fatty alcohol ester is C7～C18；
The acidic monomer comprises at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride;
the styrene monomer comprises any one of styrene, vinyl toluene and alpha-methyl styrene.
Alternatively, the N-fatty alkyl acrylamide comprises N-octadecyl acrylamide.
Optionally, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer comprises stearyl methacrylate, stearyl acrylate and lauryl methacrylate.
Optionally, the initiator comprises at least one of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, dibenzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile.
The initiator accounts for 0.1-1% of the total mass of the cage polysilsesquioxane monomer, the acrylamide monomer, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, the acidic monomer and the styrene monomer.
Optionally, the conditions of the reaction include:
the reaction time is 3-6 h;
the reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃.
Optionally, the conditions of the reaction include:
the reaction time is 4-6 h;
the reaction temperature is 70-80 ℃.
Optionally, the non-polar solvent comprises at least one of benzene, toluene, xylene, kerosene.
According to another aspect of the application, at least one of the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer described in any one of the above and the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer prepared by the preparation method described in any one of the above is provided for viscosity reduction of thick oil.
The application provides a method for preparing the oil-soluble viscosity reducer for thick oil by taking a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) monomer as a core and adding an acrylamide monomer, an acidic monomer, a styrene monomer and an acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer to perform free radical copolymerization reaction under the action of an initiator and application of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer to thick oil emulsification viscosity reduction. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1), hydrolyzing and condensing a silane coupling agent to synthesize POSS: 1)1 part of silane coupling agent, 2-3 parts of polar solvent, a proper amount of deionized water and 0.01-0.05 part of alkaline catalyst, uniformly mixing, reacting for 2-4 hours at the reaction temperature of 30-40 ℃, separating low-boiling-point substances by using a reduced pressure distillation method after the reaction is finished, and recycling the recovered substances as the polar solvent; 2) and continuously adding 2-3 parts of a nonpolar solvent, uniformly mixing, adding a condensation reflux device, reacting for 2-4 hours at the reaction temperature of 100-120 ℃, cooling to room temperature to obtain a nonpolar solvent solution containing POSS, taking 1-2 g of the nonpolar solvent solution containing POSS, drying in a drying oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 24 hours in vacuum, and measuring the solid content.
Step (2), in-situ synthesis of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer: uniformly mixing the nonpolar solvent solution containing 0.1-1 part of POSS, 10-20 parts of acrylamide monomer, 10-20 parts of acidic monomer, 30-40 parts of styrene monomer and 30-40 parts of acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer which are obtained in the step (1) in 400-500 parts of nonpolar solvent, introducing nitrogen for 30-60 min to remove oxygen, adding an initiator to initiate free radical copolymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 3-6 h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer after the reaction is finished;
wherein:
the silane coupling agent in the step (1) is at least one of methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethylsilane and vinyltriethylsilane;
the polar solvent in the step (1) comprises at least one of lower monohydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n-propanol;
in the step (1), the using amount of the deionized water is 101-110% of the amount of the silane coupling agent;
the alkaline catalyst in the step (1) comprises at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide, tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide, benzyl trimethyl ammonium hydroxide and benzyl triethyl ammonium hydroxide;
the nonpolar solvent in the step (1) and the step (2) comprises at least one of benzene, toluene, xylene and kerosene;
the acrylamide monomer in the step (2) comprises at least one of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) acrylamide, N-fatty alkyl acrylamide and N-fatty alkyl methacrylamide; wherein the carbon chain length of the fatty alkyl group in the N-fatty alkyl acrylamide and N-fatty alkyl methacrylamide is C7-C18；
The acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer in the step (2) comprises at least one of acrylic fatty alcohol ester and methacrylic fatty alcohol ester; wherein the carbon chain length of the fatty alcohol in the acrylic fatty alcohol ester and the methacrylic fatty alcohol ester is C7～C18；
The styrene monomer in the step (2) comprises at least one of styrene, vinyl toluene and alpha-methyl styrene;
the acidic monomer in the step (2) is used for neutralizing the basic catalyst in the step (1), and at least one of methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride and fumaric acid is used as a polar monomer;
the initiator in the step (2) comprises at least one of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, dibenzoyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, di-tert-butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide and cyclohexanone peroxide, and the dosage of the initiator is 0.1-1% of the total monomer mass.
In this application, like C7～C18The expression indicates the number of carbon atoms contained in the carbon chain, for example, the carbon chain length of the fatty alcohol in the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer is C7～C18It is shown that the carbon chain of the fatty alcohol in the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer comprises 7-18 carbon atoms.
The beneficial effects that this application can produce include:
(1) the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer provided by the application takes a POSS monomer as a core, and is obtained by adding a functional monomer and performing free radical copolymerization reaction under the action of an initiator. When the POSS monomer is prepared, the polar solvent can be recycled, so that the discharge of three wastes is reduced; the final product is a nonpolar solvent solution of the POSS monomer, can be directly used for the synthesis of the viscosity reducer polymer, does not need separation and purification, and greatly reduces the process cost. The oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer has obvious viscosity reduction effect on thick oil.
(2) The oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer provided by the application is a micro-scale nano material, and has a heterogeneous nucleation effect on crystalline organic matters in thick oil by virtue of a unique nano effect; meanwhile, the surface of the nano material adsorbs colloid and asphaltene to form a solvolysis layer on the surface through a strong polar group introduced by an acid monomer and an acrylamide monomer under the action of a hydrogen bond, and the solvolysis layer can prevent wax crystals from being connected to form a net structure and can also disperse a plane overlapping stacking structure of the colloid and the asphaltene in an original thick oil system, so that the viscosity of the thick oil is greatly reduced.
(3) According to the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer provided by the application, the POSS monomer is introduced, so that the structure of a polymer (namely, the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer) is changed into a three-dimensional structure (a polymer chain is emitted from a core) from a linear structure of a traditional polymer, and compared with the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer of the traditional linear polymer, the space orientation requirement of an active group on the action of colloid and asphaltene is greatly reduced, and the viscosity reduction activity is improved; meanwhile, the three-dimensional structure greatly increases the difference among polymer molecules, and is expected to solve the universality problem of the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer; the synergistic effect of monomer units in the polymer has strong stabilization and dispersion effects on colloid and asphaltene, so that the viscosity reduction rate of the thickened oil is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of POSS prepared in example 1, wherein A is 5 μm in scale and B is 100nm in scale.
FIG. 2 is an infrared test chart of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer No. 1.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present application is not limited to these examples.
The raw materials in the examples of the present application were all purchased commercially, unless otherwise specified.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
(1) Hydrolyzing and condensing a silane coupling agent to synthesize POSS: 1)80g of silane coupling agent 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 240g of isopropanol, 6g of deionized water and 0.8g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, the mixture is reacted for 2 hours at the reaction temperature of 40 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, low-boiling-point substances are separated by using a reduced pressure distillation method; 2) continuously adding 200g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, adding a condensation reflux device, reacting at the reaction temperature of 120 ℃ for 2h, cooling to room temperature to obtain a dimethylbenzene solution containing POSS, taking 2g of dimethylbenzene solution containing POSS, drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 24h in vacuum, and determining the solid content.
(2) In-situ synthesis of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer: adding the dimethylbenzene solution containing 0.1g of POSS obtained in the step (1), 10g of acrylamide, 10g of acrylic acid, 40g of styrene and 40g of octadecyl methacrylate into 400g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, introducing nitrogen for 30min to remove oxygen, adding 0.6g of azobisisobutyronitrile, initiating a free radical copolymerization reaction, reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 6h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 1# after the reaction is finished.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
(1) Hydrolyzing and condensing a silane coupling agent to synthesize POSS: 1)80g of silane coupling agent 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 240g of isopropanol, 6g of deionized water and 0.8g of tetramethylammonium hydroxide are uniformly mixed, the mixture is reacted for 3 hours at the reaction temperature of 30 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, low-boiling-point substances are separated by using a reduced pressure distillation method; 2) continuously adding 200g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, adding a condensation reflux device, reacting at the reaction temperature of 108 ℃ for 3h, cooling to room temperature to obtain a dimethylbenzene solution containing POSS, taking 2g of dimethylbenzene solution containing POSS, drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 24h in vacuum, and determining the solid content.
(2) In-situ synthesis of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer: adding the dimethylbenzene solution containing 0.5g of POSS obtained in the step (1), 10g of N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide, 10g of fumaric acid, 40g of vinyl toluene and 40g of lauryl methacrylate into 400g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, introducing nitrogen for 30min to remove oxygen, adding 0.6g of azobisisobutyronitrile, initiating a free radical copolymerization reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction time is 6h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer 2# after the reaction is finished.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
(1) Hydrolyzing and condensing a silane coupling agent to synthesize POSS: 1)80g of silane coupling agent 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 240g of isopropanol, 6g of deionized water and 0.01-0.05 part of alkaline catalyst are uniformly mixed, the mixture is reacted for 3 hours at the reaction temperature of 30 ℃, and after the reaction is finished, low-boiling-point substances are separated by using a reduced pressure distillation method; 2) continuously adding 200g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, adding a condensation reflux device, reacting at the reaction temperature of 108 ℃ for 3h, cooling to room temperature to obtain a dimethylbenzene solution containing POSS, taking 2g of dimethylbenzene solution containing POSS, drying in a baking oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 24h in vacuum, and determining the solid content.
(2) In-situ synthesis of the oil-soluble viscosity reducer: adding 1g of POSS-containing xylene solution obtained in the step (1), 10g of N-octadecyl acrylamide, 10g of maleic anhydride, 40g of alpha-methyl styrene and 40g of octadecyl acrylate into 400g of xylene, uniformly mixing, introducing nitrogen for 30min to remove oxygen, adding 0.6g of azobisisobutyronitrile, initiating a free radical copolymerization reaction, reacting at 80 ℃ for 6h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer # 3 after the reaction is finished.
Comparative example 1 preparation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
Adding 10g of acrylamide, 10g of acrylic acid, 40g of styrene and 40g of octadecyl methacrylate into 400g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, introducing nitrogen for 30min to remove oxygen, adding 0.6g of azobisisobutyronitrile, initiating a free radical copolymerization reaction, reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 6h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer D1# after the reaction is finished.
Comparative example 2 preparation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
Adding 10g of N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide, 10g of fumaric acid, 40g of vinyl toluene and 40g of lauryl methacrylate into 400g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, introducing nitrogen for 30min to remove oxygen, adding 0.6g of azobisisobutyronitrile, initiating a free radical copolymerization reaction at the reaction temperature of 80 ℃ for 6h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer D2 #.
Comparative example 3 preparation of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
Adding 10g of N-octadecyl acrylamide, 10g of maleic anhydride, 40g of alpha-methyl styrene and 40g of octadecyl acrylate into 400g of dimethylbenzene, uniformly mixing, introducing nitrogen for 30min to remove oxygen, adding 0.6g of azobisisobutyronitrile, initiating a free radical copolymerization reaction, reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 6h, and obtaining the oil-soluble viscosity reducer D3# after the reaction is finished.
Characterization of oil-soluble viscosity reducer:
FIG. 1 is a TEM image of POSS prepared in example 1, wherein A is 5 μm in scale and B is 100nm in scale.
FIG. 2 is an infrared test chart of oil-soluble viscosity reducer # 1, which can be seen from the chart, and contains amide groups from a monomer acrylamide, carboxyl groups from an acrylic monomer, ester groups from octadecyl methacrylate, Si-O bonds from a POSS monomer, and aromatic hydrogen from a styrene monomer, thereby proving that the synthesis of the target oil-soluble viscosity reducer is successful.
Evaluation of viscosity reduction effect of oil-soluble viscosity reducer on thick oil
Test samples: oil-soluble viscosity reducer 1#, oil-soluble viscosity reducer 2#, and oil-soluble viscosity reducer 3 #.
Comparative sample: oil-soluble viscosity reducer D1#, oil-soluble viscosity reducer D2#, oil-soluble viscosity reducer D3#, and xylene (pure solvent is generally preferred to reduce viscosity in an oil field, and the oil-soluble viscosity reducer is considered to be used only when the problem cannot be solved by the pure solvent).
And (3) testing an oil sample: thick oil sample of single temple in south of the victory oil field.
The test method specifically comprises the following steps:
preparing a sample into a 0.5 wt% sample solution by using dimethylbenzene, stirring for 1min by using a glass rod, standing for 3min, and visually observing under natural light, wherein the solution is uniform and has no emulsification phenomenon;
step (2) keeping the temperature of the crude oil of the test oil sample constant in a constant-temperature water bath at 50 +/-1 ℃ for 1h, stirring to remove free water and bubbles in the crude oil, and rapidly measuring the viscosity mu of the crude oil at 50 +/-1 ℃ by using a rotational viscosity meter0。
Step (3), weighing 27g (accurate to 0.1g) of the thick oil sample prepared in the step (2) in a beaker, adding 3g (accurate to 0.1g) of the 0.5 wt% sample solution prepared in the step (1), stirring for 5min by using a glass rod, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature oven at 50 +/-1 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1h, uniformly stirring by using the glass rod after the constant temperature is finished, and quickly measuring the viscosity mu of the prepared thick oil emulsion at 50 +/-1 ℃ by using a rheometer;
the viscosity reduction rate is calculated by the formula f ═ mu0-μ)/μ0*100％
The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 viscosity reduction Effect of oil-soluble viscosity reducer
From the above, the oil-soluble viscosity reducer prepared by the method has a remarkable viscosity reduction effect.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer is characterized by being selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (1), a formula (2) or a formula (3);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer structural unit, and the structural formula is selected from any one of structures shown in a formula (4), a formula (5) or a formula (6);
in the formulas (1), (2) and (3), a, b, c, d and e are respectively the mass percentage of a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer structure unit, an acrylamide monomer unit, an acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer unit, an acid monomer unit and a styrene monomer unit, and a: b: c: d: e is 0.1 to 1.0: 10-20: 30-40: 10-20: 30-40 parts of;
in the formulas (4), (5) and (6), n is the polymerization degree of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane, and n is 8, 10, 12 or 14;
R1、R3、R5、R6、R7independently selected from any one of methyl and hydrogen;
R2any one selected from dimethylaminopropyl, C7-C18 fatty alkyl and hydrogen;
R4selected from any one of C7-C18 fatty alkyl.
2. The method for preparing the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
in a non-polar solvent, performing free radical copolymerization on a cage type polysilsesquioxane monomer, an acrylamide monomer, an acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, an acidic monomer and a styrene monomer under the action of an initiator to obtain the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer;
the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (9), a formula (10) and a formula (11);
the acrylamide monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (12);
the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (13);
the acidic monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (14), a formula (15) and a formula (16);
the styrene monomer is selected from any one of substances shown in a formula (17);
wherein n is the polymerization degree of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane, and n is 8, 10, 12 or 14;
R1、R3、R5、R6、R7independently selected from any one of methyl and hydrogen;
R2any one selected from dimethylaminopropyl, C7-C18 fatty alkyl and hydrogen;
R4any one selected from C7-C18 fatty alkyl;
the weight ratio of the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer, the acrylamide monomer, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, the acidic monomer and the styrene monomer is 0.1-1.0: 10-20: 30-40: 10-20: 30-40.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cage-type polysilsesquioxane monomer is obtained by hydrolytic condensation of a silane coupling agent.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the silane coupling agent includes any one of methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane, methacryloxymethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethylsilane, and vinyltriethylsilane.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the acrylamide monomer comprises at least one of acrylamide, methacrylamide, N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) acrylamide, N-fatty alkyl acrylamide, and N-fatty alkyl methacrylamide(ii) a Wherein the carbon chain length of the fatty alkyl group in the N-fatty alkyl acrylamide and N-fatty alkyl methacrylamide is C7-C18；
The acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer comprises at least one of acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer and methacrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, wherein the carbon chain length of fatty alcohol in the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer is C7～C18；
The acidic monomer comprises at least one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic anhydride;
the styrene monomer comprises any one of styrene, vinyl toluene and alpha-methyl styrene.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the initiator comprises at least one of diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, dibenzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile;
the initiator accounts for 0.1-1% of the total mass of the cage polysilsesquioxane monomer, the acrylamide monomer, the acrylic fatty alcohol ester monomer, the acidic monomer and the styrene monomer.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the reaction conditions include:
the reaction time is 3-6 h;
the reaction temperature is 60-80 ℃.
8. The method of claim 2, wherein the non-polar solvent comprises at least one of benzene, toluene, xylene, kerosene.
9. The oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducer of claim 1 and the application of at least one of the oil-soluble thick oil viscosity reducers prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 2 to 8 in viscosity reduction of thick oil.
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