CN113650378A - 一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113650378A
CN113650378A CN202110909990.0A CN202110909990A CN113650378A CN 113650378 A CN113650378 A CN 113650378A CN 202110909990 A CN202110909990 A CN 202110909990A CN 113650378 A CN113650378 A CN 113650378A
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layer
fiber layer
fiber
raw materials
woven fabric
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向小玲
熊泽宣喜
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Jiangsu Suishi Technology Co ltd
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，包括无纺布层和金属层，所述无纺布层包括有第一纤维层和第二纤维层，所述金属层设置在第一纤维层表面，所述无纺布的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0‑4。本发明采用无纺布层和金属层组成，金属层面的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0‑4，电磁波适度进入无纺布内部，进入的电磁波被金属加工后的金属层捕捉，变换为电，进而通过电阻转换为热能，吸电磁干扰收获能力提高，而且第一纤维层采用纤维直径为0.05‑7um的极细纤维，每单位体积的纤维根数增加，纤维的比表面积变大，所以金属层的比表面积变大，电磁干扰吸收能力变高，金属层加工完成后能够在金属层表面形成薄氧化膜，不会过度氧化，使用寿命较长。

Description

一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布技术领域，具体为一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着微波电子技术的快速发展，大量的电子仪器和设备在军事和民用领域中得到广泛应用。电子仪器和设备在工作时产生的辐射电磁波会对其它电子产品产生电磁干扰，从而直接影响到电子器件功能的正常实现；产生的电磁污染对人类以及其它生物会造成严重伤害。随着使用频率的增加，由于电子设备产生的电磁波噪，容易使其他设备发生工作故障，并且由于与通信设备中使用的电波的干扰，电子设备、通信等容易发生故障。因此，对于电子部件、传输线路等以及通信***，为了防止电磁波的干扰，作为所谓的EMC对策，吸收电子设备产生的电磁波噪的电磁波噪吸收体的必要性提高了。电磁波吸收材料可以吸收并衰减入射的电磁波，减弱反射波的强度，为有效消除电磁波辐射和干扰问题、提高国防领域武器装备的隐身能力提供了有效且相对容易的解决方案。
现有的电磁干扰吸收物品不方便使用，而且电磁干扰吸收能力较差，达不到人们的使用需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布及其制备方法，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，包括无纺布层和金属层，所述无纺布层包括有第一纤维层和第二纤维层，所述金属层设置在第一纤维层表面，所述无纺布的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0-4。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂60-80％、三元乙丙橡胶10-15％、热塑性EVA弹性体10-20％和硅烷偶联剂1-5％，所述第二纤维层包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯70-80％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物20-30％、增塑剂2-5％和介孔纳米二氧化硅3-8％，所述金属层包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体40-60％、Ni-W-铁氧体20-30％、银10-20％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15-20％。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂65-75％、三元乙丙橡胶12-13％、热塑性EVA弹性体10-20％和硅烷偶联剂2-4％，所述第二纤维层包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯73-77％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物23-27％、增塑剂3-4％和介孔纳米二氧化硅4-6％，所述金属层包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体45-55％、Ni-W-铁氧体23-27％、银10-15％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15-18％。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂70％、三元乙丙橡胶13％、热塑性EVA弹性体15％和硅烷偶联剂2％，所述第二纤维层包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯70％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物22％、增塑剂3％和介孔纳米二氧化硅5％，所述金属层包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体50％、Ni-W-铁氧体25％、银10％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15％。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层的厚度为5-100um，所述第二纤维层的厚度为10-150um，所述金属层的厚度为2-400nm。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层中纤维直径为0.05-7um，所述第二纤维层中纤维直径为10-50um，所述第一纤维层和第二纤维层中平均开孔直径为0.5-800um。
一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：第一纤维层和第二纤维层的制备，按照第一纤维层和第二纤维层的原料配比称取原料，将第一纤维层和第二纤维层称取的原料混合均匀后分别投入到双螺杆挤出机中加热熔融挤出到纺丝箱体中，利用熔喷法纺丝，将得到的纺丝纤维群向移动捕集面挤压，以3500m/分钟的纺织速度纺纱，用电晕带电使其带2-4μC/g的电，使其充分开纤后均匀铺放在成网机，热轧形成第一纤维层和第二纤维层；
步骤二：无纺布的制备，将步骤一中得到的第一纤维层和第二纤维层分别置于两个压延辊上，经过压延辊的热滚压复合得到层叠的无纺布备用；
步骤三：按金属层的重量百分比称取原料，将称取的原料混合均匀后利用EB气相沉积法采用0.8-1.5EV的能量金属层原料微粒化，然后使微粒化的金属吸附到无纺布的第一纤维层上，得到具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤一中第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝为异形丝、卷绕丝或双绞线，所述第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝铺设时随机铺设。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤二中得到的无纺布的拉伸强度为15-40N/cm3，且所述无纺布的面积质量为15-300g/m2。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤三中得到的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布金属层面表面电阻率的常用对数值为0.1-3。
与现有技术相比，本发明所达到的有益效果是：
1、本发明采用无纺布层和金属层组成，无纺布层包括有第一纤维层和第二纤维层，金属层吸附在第一纤维层上，金属层面的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0-4，电磁波适度进入无纺布内部，进入的电磁波被金属加工后的金属层捕捉，变换为电，进而通过电阻转换为热能，吸电磁干扰收获能力提高，而且第一纤维层采用纤维直径为0.05-7um的极细纤维，每单位体积的纤维根数增加，纤维的比表面积变大，所以金属层的比表面积变大，电磁干扰吸收能力变高，金属层采用Ni-Co-铁氧体、Ni-W-铁氧体、银和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体组成，加工完成后能够在金属层表面形成薄氧化膜，不会过度氧化，能够维持一定的表面电阻值，使用寿命较长；
2、本发明第一纤维层采用PET树脂、三元乙丙橡胶、热塑性EVA弹性体和硅烷偶联剂组成，通过加入三元乙丙橡胶和热塑性EVA弹性体使得第一纤维层的韧性和弹性较好，防止后续加工过程中发生断裂现象，而第二纤维层采用聚丙烯、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物、增塑剂和介孔纳米二氧化硅组成，聚丙烯、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物、增塑剂和介孔纳米二氧化硅生产的纤维层强度较高，能够提高无纺布的拉伸强度，而且填充的介孔纳米二氧化硅具有一定的电磁吸波能力。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例1-3的截面结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例4的截面结构示意图；
图中：1无纺布层；101第一纤维层；102第二纤维层；2金属层。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
请参阅图1，本发明提供一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，包括无纺布层1和金属层2，所述无纺布层1包括有第一纤维层101和第二纤维层102，所述金属层2设置在第一纤维层101表面，所述无纺布的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0-4。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层101包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂70％、三元乙丙橡胶13％、热塑性EVA弹性体15％和硅烷偶联剂2％，所述第二纤维层102包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯70％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物22％、增塑剂3％和介孔纳米二氧化硅5％，所述金属层2包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体50％、Ni-W-铁氧体25％、银10％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15％。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层101的厚度为25um，所述第二纤维层102的厚度为40um，所述金属层2的厚度为35nm。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层101中纤维直径为0.05-7um，所述第二纤维层102中纤维直径为10-50um，所述第一纤维层101和第二纤维层102中平均开孔直径为0.5-800um。
一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：第一纤维层和第二纤维层的制备，按照第一纤维层和第二纤维层的原料配比称取原料，将第一纤维层和第二纤维层称取的原料混合均匀后分别投入到双螺杆挤出机中加热熔融挤出到纺丝箱体中，利用熔喷法纺丝，将得到的纺丝纤维群向移动捕集面挤压，以3500m/分钟的纺织速度纺纱，用电晕带电使其带3μC/g的电，使其充分开纤后均匀铺放在成网机，热轧形成第一纤维层和第二纤维层；
步骤二：无纺布的制备，将步骤一中得到的第一纤维层和第二纤维层分别置于两个压延辊上，经过压延辊的热滚压复合得到层叠的无纺布备用；
步骤三：按金属层的重量百分比称取原料，将称取的原料混合均匀后利用EB气相沉积法采用1.2EV的能量金属层原料微粒化，然后使微粒化的金属吸附到无纺布的第一纤维层上，得到具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤一中第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝为异形丝、卷绕丝或双绞线，所述第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝铺设时随机铺设。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤二中得到的无纺布的拉伸强度为25N/cm3，且所述无纺布的面积质量为35g/m2。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤三中得到的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布金属层面表面电阻率的常用对数值为1.5。
实施例2：
与实施例1不同的是，一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，所述第一纤维层101的厚度为25um，所述第二纤维层102的厚度为40um，所述金属层2的厚度为35nm，所述第一纤维层101中纤维直径为7-15um，所述第二纤维层102中纤维直径为10-50um，所述第一纤维层101和第二纤维层102中平均开孔直径为0.5-800um；所述步骤三中得到的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布金属层面表面电阻率的常用对数值为1.8。
实施例3：
与实施例1-2不同的是，一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，所述第一纤维层101的厚度为25um，所述第二纤维层102的厚度为40um，所述金属层2的厚度为35nm，所述第一纤维层101中纤维直径为0.01-0.05um，所述第二纤维层102中纤维直径为10-50um，所述第一纤维层101和第二纤维层102中平均开孔直径为0.5-800um；所述步骤三中得到的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布金属层面表面电阻率的常用对数值为0.8。
实施例4：
请参阅图2，本发明提供一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，包括无纺布层1和金属层2，所述无纺布层1包括有两个第一纤维层101和一个第二纤维层102，两个所述第一纤维层101分别设置在第二纤维层102的两侧，所述金属层2设置在两个第一纤维层101表面，所述无纺布的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0-4。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层101包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂70％、三元乙丙橡胶13％、热塑性EVA弹性体15％和硅烷偶联剂2％，所述第二纤维层102包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯70％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物22％、增塑剂3％和介孔纳米二氧化硅5％，所述金属层2包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体50％、Ni-W-铁氧体25％、银10％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15％。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层101的厚度均为15um，所述第二纤维层102的厚度为40um，所述金属层2的厚度均为20nm。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述第一纤维层101中纤维直径为0.05-7um，所述第二纤维层102中纤维直径为10-50um，所述第一纤维层101和第二纤维层102中平均开孔直径为0.5-800um。
一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：第一纤维层和第二纤维层的制备，按照第一纤维层和第二纤维层的原料配比称取原料，将第一纤维层和第二纤维层称取的原料混合均匀后分别投入到双螺杆挤出机中加热熔融挤出到纺丝箱体中，利用熔喷法纺丝，将得到的纺丝纤维群向移动捕集面挤压，以3500m/分钟的纺织速度纺纱，用电晕带电使其带3μC/g的电，使其充分开纤后均匀铺放在成网机，热轧形成第一纤维层和第二纤维层；
步骤二：无纺布的制备，将步骤一中得到的第一纤维层和第二纤维层分别置于三个压延辊上，经过压延辊的热滚压复合得到层叠的无纺布备用；
步骤三：按金属层的重量百分比称取原料，将称取的原料混合均匀后利用EB气相沉积法采用1.2EV的能量金属层原料微粒化，然后使微粒化的金属吸附到无纺布的两个第一纤维层上，得到具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤一中第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝为异形丝、卷绕丝或双绞线，所述第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝铺设时随机铺设。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤二中得到的无纺布的拉伸强度为30N/cm3，且所述无纺布的面积质量为38g/m2。
在一个优选的实施方式中，所述步骤三中得到的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布金属层面表面电阻率的常用对数值为1.5。
分别选取实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和实施例4生产的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布分别作为实验组1、实验组2、实验组3和实验组4，并选用在PET树脂中添加20-28％的导电纤维制作的无纺布作为对照组，根据IEC标准62333-2，通过微带线法测量，使用具有50Ω阻抗的微带线夹具-7和网络分析器-9，通过S参数法进行测量确定电磁干扰吸收无纺布的样品的大小为5cm×5cm，将其放置在微带线夹具-7上进行测量S参数的反射衰减量S1和透过衰减量S2，用各频率测量计算损耗率P，测量结果如表一所示：
Figure BDA0003203358350000081
Figure BDA0003203358350000091
表一
经过多次实验可以得出，如表一所示实施例1和实施例4生产的无纺布反射衰减量较少，损耗率较低，而实施例2和实施例3采用纤维直径较大的第一纤维层与实施例1相比，电磁吸波能力明显降低，实施例4在无纺布层的两侧均设置金属层，电磁吸波能力较好，采用无纺布层和金属层组成，无纺布层包括有第一纤维层和第二纤维层，金属层吸附在第一纤维层上，金属层面的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0-4，电磁波适度进入无纺布内部，进入的电磁波被金属加工后的金属层捕捉，变换为电，进而通过电阻转换为热能，吸电磁干扰收获能力提高，而且第一纤维层采用纤维直径为0.05-7um的极细纤维，每单位体积的纤维根数增加，纤维的比表面积变大，所以金属层的比表面积变大，电磁干扰吸收能力变高，金属层采用Ni-Co-铁氧体、Ni-W-铁氧体、银和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体组成，加工完成后能够在金属层表面形成薄氧化膜，不会过度氧化，能够维持一定的表面电阻值，使用寿命较长；第一纤维层采用PET树脂、三元乙丙橡胶、热塑性EVA弹性体和硅烷偶联剂组成，通过加入三元乙丙橡胶和热塑性EVA弹性体使得第一纤维层的韧性和弹性较好，防止后续加工过程中发生断裂现象，而第二纤维层采用聚丙烯、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物、增塑剂和介孔纳米二氧化硅组成，聚丙烯、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物、增塑剂和介孔纳米二氧化硅生产的纤维层强度较高，能够提高无纺布的拉伸强度，而且填充的介孔纳米二氧化硅具有一定的电磁吸波能力。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，其特征在于：包括无纺布层(1)和金属层(2)，所述无纺布层(1)包括有第一纤维层(101)和第二纤维层(102)，所述金属层(2)设置在第一纤维层(101)表面，所述无纺布的表面电阻率的常用对数值为0-4。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，其特征在于：所述第一纤维层(101)包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂60-80％、三元乙丙橡胶10-15％、热塑性EVA弹性体10-20％和硅烷偶联剂1-5％，所述第二纤维层(102)包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯70-80％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物20-30％、增塑剂2-5％和介孔纳米二氧化硅3-8％，所述金属层(2)包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体40-60％、Ni-W-铁氧体20-30％、银10-20％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15-20％。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，其特征在于：所述第一纤维层(101)包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂65-75％、三元乙丙橡胶12-13％、热塑性EVA弹性体10-20％和硅烷偶联剂2-4％，所述第二纤维层(102)包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯73-77％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物23-27％、增塑剂3-4％和介孔纳米二氧化硅4-6％，所述金属层(2)包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体45-55％、Ni-W-铁氧体23-27％、银10-15％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15-18％。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，其特征在于：所述第一纤维层(101)包括以下重量百分比的原料：PET树脂70％、三元乙丙橡胶13％、热塑性EVA弹性体15％和硅烷偶联剂2％，所述第二纤维层(102)包括以下重量百分比的原料：聚丙烯70％、聚乙烯-聚丙烯共聚物22％、增塑剂3％和介孔纳米二氧化硅5％，所述金属层(2)包括以下重量百分比的原料：Ni-Co-铁氧体50％、Ni-W-铁氧体25％、银10％和纳米级多孔钡铁氧体15％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，其特征在于：所述第一纤维层(101)的厚度为5-100um，所述第二纤维层(102)的厚度为10-150um，所述金属层(2)的厚度为2-400nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布，其特征在于：所述第一纤维层(101)中纤维直径为0.05-7um，所述第二纤维层(102)中纤维直径为10-50um，所述第一纤维层(101)和第二纤维层(102)中平均开孔直径为0.5-800um。
7.一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤一：第一纤维层和第二纤维层的制备，按照第一纤维层和第二纤维层的原料配比称取原料，将第一纤维层和第二纤维层称取的原料混合均匀后分别投入到双螺杆挤出机中加热熔融挤出到纺丝箱体中，利用熔喷法纺丝，将得到的纺丝纤维群向移动捕集面挤压，以3500m/分钟的纺织速度纺纱，用电晕带电使其带2-4μC/g的电，使其充分开纤后均匀铺放在成网机，热轧形成第一纤维层和第二纤维层；
步骤二：无纺布的制备，将步骤一中得到的第一纤维层和第二纤维层分别置于两个压延辊上，经过压延辊的热滚压复合得到层叠的无纺布备用；
步骤三：按金属层的重量百分比称取原料，将称取的原料混合均匀后利用EB气相沉积法采用0.8-1.5EV的能量金属层原料微粒化，然后使微粒化的金属吸附到无纺布的第一纤维层上，得到具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝为异形丝、卷绕丝或双绞线，所述第一纤维层和第二纤维层的纤维丝铺设时随机铺设。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中得到的无纺布的拉伸强度为15-40N/cm3，且所述无纺布的面积质量为15-300g/m2。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤三中得到的具有电磁波吸收能力的无纺布金属层面表面电阻率的常用对数值为0.1-3。
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