CN113632630A - Simplified fertilization method for Huang Pang original summer corn - Google Patents
Simplified fertilization method for Huang Pang original summer corn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113632630A CN113632630A CN202111042789.3A CN202111042789A CN113632630A CN 113632630 A CN113632630 A CN 113632630A CN 202111042789 A CN202111042789 A CN 202111042789A CN 113632630 A CN113632630 A CN 113632630A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- corn
- pan
- fertilization method
- urea
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Sowing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a simplified fertilization method for yellow pan-flattened original summer corn, which comprises the following steps: step one, screening summer corn varieties suitable for sowing in yellow pan plain, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment to obtain corn seeds to be sown; step two, preparing a special controlled release fertilizer for corn; step three, after ploughing the land to be sowed, adopting an expanding and shrinking planting mode to plant the corn seeds to be sowed, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 60-100 cm, and the plant spacing is 10-20 cm; and step four, applying fertilizer by adopting an interval method while performing the step three, namely applying fertilizer among the planted corn seed rows, wherein the fertilizer is the special controlled-release fertilizer for corn prepared in the step two, the horizontal distance of the fertilizer application is 10-15 cm, the depth of the fertilizer application is not less than 15cm, and the broken rate during the fertilizer application is less than or equal to 5%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of corn fertilization, in particular to a simplified fertilization method for Huang Pan Ping original summer corn.
Background
In recent years, with the reduction of economic benefits of grain planting, crops are planted and managed more and more without being taken by farmers, the yield is high, the yield is low, the yield and the yield are not concerned like the end of the last century, the planting area of summer corns is continuously reduced, and the method is obviously not consistent with the grain development strategy of China. The occurrence of this phenomenon is not a chance factor, and mainly has the following reasons: firstly, the price of agricultural products can not be guaranteed, the fluctuation is large between years, the price of the goods is increased more than that of the grains, and the grain planting benefit is reduced year by year; secondly, the agricultural production investment is insufficient, the nutrient input of the fertilizer is unbalanced, and the phenomena of excess or deficiency are that the nutrient is excessively consumed and insufficient in supply, so that the grain yield and efficiency are low; and thirdly, the quantity of agricultural labor force is not enough, and meanwhile, a simplified production technology is lacked, because more and more labor force goes to the city to do work, the farmland management is neglected, the technical levels of agricultural workers are uneven, the production still depends on the traditional technology, so that a chain reaction is caused, and finally, the grain planting energy consumption is high, the yield is low, and the income is low. The Huangpan plain is an important production area of summer corn in China, and the grain yield in the area plays an important role in guaranteeing national grains. However, with the issuance of relevant land policies in China, more and more land flows to grain-planting households and professional cooperative societies, and the production subjects have high requirements on agricultural production technology, and how to improve grain-planting benefits under the conditions is a problem worth considering by scientific researchers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a simplified fertilization method for summer corn, and aims to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, simplify production links and improve the yield and benefit of corn.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a simplified fertilization method for yellow pan-flattened summer corn comprises the following steps:
step one, screening summer corn varieties suitable for sowing in yellow pan plain, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment to obtain corn seeds to be sown;
step two, preparing a special controlled release fertilizer for corn;
step three, after ploughing the land to be sowed, adopting an expanding and shrinking planting mode to plant the corn seeds to be sowed, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 60-100 cm, and the plant spacing is 10-20 cm;
and step four, applying fertilizer by adopting an interval method while performing the step three, namely applying fertilizer among the planted corn seed rows, wherein the fertilizer is the special controlled-release fertilizer for corn prepared in the step two, the horizontal distance of the fertilizer application is 10-15 cm, the depth of the fertilizer application is not less than 15cm, and the broken rate during the fertilizer application is less than or equal to 5%.
Preferably, in the third step, the planting density is: the row spacing is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm.
Preferably, the special controlled-release fertilizer for the corns sequentially comprises an inner core fertilizer, a urea coating and a resin coating from inside to outside.
Preferably, the core fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer to potassium in the potassium fertilizer is 1: 0.2-0.5: 0.3-0.5.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonia water and ammonium chloride; the phosphate fertilizer comprises at least one of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
Preferably, the fertilizing amount of the special controlled-release fertilizer for the corns is 40-60 kg/mu.
Preferably, the core fertilizer is spherical particles with the diameter of 3-6 mm formed after machine mixing and granulation.
Preferably, the preparation method of the urea coating comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the inner core fertilizer in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding molten urea while the inner core fertilizer is hot, stopping heating after dropwise adding, and stopping stirring after cooling to room temperature to obtain urea coated first coated particles.
Preferably, the biuret content of the urea in the molten state is less than or equal to 0.9% by mass.
Preferably, the resin coating is prepared by the following method:
and (3) placing the first coating particles in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding a resin coating solution while the first coating particles are hot, stopping heating after the resin coating solution is dropwise added, and stopping stirring after the resin coating solution is cooled to room temperature to obtain the special controlled-release fertilizer for the corn, wherein the solvent can be reused after being recovered.
Preferably, the resin coating solution is obtained by mixing a resin coating material and a solvent dichloromethane according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-5.
Preferably, the preparation method of the resin coating material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing lipoic acid, dissolving the lipoic acid in dichloromethane, stirring for 0.2-0.5 h under the ice-water bath condition, sequentially adding 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide, continuing to stir for 0.3-0.6 h, removing the ice-water bath, heating to room temperature, dropwise adding a 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol solution, continuously stirring for 12-18 h under the room temperature condition, and sequentially performing rotary evaporation, purification and drying to obtain a dithioester modifier; wherein the mass ratio of the lipoic acid, the 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide, the N-hydroxysuccinimide and the dichloromethane is 3.2: 2.1-2.6: 1.3-1.8: 16-20; the mass ratio of the 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol to the lipoic acid in the 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol solution is 6.8-7.5: 3.2;
s2, weighing a dithioester modifier and polyether polyol, adding the dithioester modifier and the polyether polyol into toluene, fully mixing, and adding a catalyst and a chain extender to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the dithioester modifier to the polyether polyol to the toluene is 1: 10.4-15.6: 40-50, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the chain extender to the polyether polyol is 1-4: 8-10: 100;
s3, dropwise adding the mixed solvent into continuously stirred isocyanate, heating for 2-5 min at 80-100 ℃, stopping heating, continuously stirring for reacting for 2-5 h, and sequentially filtering, washing and drying to obtain a resin coating material; wherein the molar ratio of the polyether polyol to the isocyanate in the mixed solvent is 1: 1.05-1.15.
Preferably, the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol solution is a mixed solution of 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol and acetone according to a mass ratio of 1: 6-10.
Preferably, the polyether polyol comprises at least one of polyethylene glycol diol, polypropylene glycol diol, and polybutylene glycol diol.
Preferably, the isocyanate is at least one of hexamethylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and isophorone diisocyanate.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the interval method fertilization is fertilization by using a fertilizer apparatus (single port), and the determined area is 667m2The fertilizing amount is accurately adjusted, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator in a set distance of 1m is calculated according to the following formula:
Wd＝(W667/667)×H×1000
in the formula:
Wd-fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator (single port) in a set distance of 1m, g;
W667-determined every 667m2The fertilizing amount of (1) is kg;
h is the row spacing, m, of fertilizer application when the row ratio of seeds to fertilizer is 1:1.
Preferably, the fertilizer of the fertilizer distributor is uniform and stable without leaking application, the broken rate of the fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the fertilizer is executed according to the regulation of GB 9479-1988.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after the common fertilizer is applied to soil, the nutrient is excessive due to quick release in the early stage, and the plant cannot completely absorb the nutrient in a short period, so that a large amount of nutrient is accumulated in the soil and is easy to volatilize and lose when raining; permeating into the ground; or the soil is fixed, so the average utilization rate of the fertilizer is only about 35 percent, and the fertilizer is lack of nutrients in the later period. The simplified fertilization method of summer corn uses the controlled release fertilizer, reduces leaching loss, microbial decomposition and soil fixation, and is equivalent to continuously feeding fertilizer to plants. Therefore, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can reach about 70 percent, and the maximum utilization rate of the fertilizer near roots can reach more than 80 percent.
2. The controlled release fertilizer has the advantages of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing the using amount of the fertilizer, reducing the fertilizing times, saving labor, reducing the fertilizing times and saving labor, but is not suitable for being used in arid lands lack of water. Because the controlled release fertilizer is mostly coated by the polymer, micropores on the film are small and cannot accommodate liquid water to pass through, the water absorption of the polymer is poor, and the release speed of nutrients is only related to the movement speed of water molecules and the pores of the micropores of the film, so that the nutrients are slowly released in the case of water shortage, thereby causing the yield reduction of crops. The polyurethane film on the surface of the controlled release fertilizer prepared by the invention has certain water absorbability after being modified, and can absorb and store partial water under the condition of sufficient water in soil, and the absorbed water can gradually enter the resin coating film of the controlled release fertilizer in the form of water molecules, so that the normal transmission of nutrients in the controlled release fertilizer can be initiated during drought, and a certain nutrient supply capability is ensured under the condition of drought.
3. The resin-coated controlled release fertilizer is characterized in that a layer of resin film is uniformly coated on the periphery of the fertilizer, and nutrients in the film are separated from moisture outside the film by the coating film, so that the fertilizer has a physical protection effect on the nutrients. The coating material of the polyurethane controlled release fertilizer at the present stage has the defects of low fertilizer transmittance, poor controlled release fertilizer effect, environmental pollution and the like caused by difficult degradation, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is lower, and the average utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers in China is 35 percent at present. The disulfide modifier is prepared by adding lipoic acid and 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol in the polymerization reaction process of polyurethane, the disulfide modifier is prepared by using lipoic acid with fat solubility and water solubility and 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol with mild property and antibacterial effect, and the disulfide modifier is acted in the polymerization process of polyurethane to increase the action of active groups in the polyurethane, so that the degradation rate of a polyurethane coating is increased, the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer is increased, the disulfide modifier also has a certain high antibacterial effect and has no pollution to the environment.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of more clearly illustrating the present invention and more clearly understanding the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will now be described in detail below, but are not to be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
The summer corn production, fertilization and other management methods have different advanced management methods in different areas, but the prior production mostly follows the fertilization mode of base fertilizer plus additional fertilizer or one-shot blast after seedling, the production link is redundant, the fertilization mode is unreasonable, and the development concept of simplifying production is contrary to. The fertilizer is a requirement for the production and development of the current generation of grains and is a basic guarantee for increasing the yield of the grains. The common quick-acting fertilizer has short fertilizer efficiency, and the requirement of the corn on nutrients during the whole growth period can be met only by applying fertilizer for several times (a considerable proportion of farmer sowing and first fertilizing operations are separately performed) in summer corn production. The operation link is added in the production, so that labor and time are wasted, the corn plants and the root systems are hardly prevented from being damaged by human and animal machinery in the secondary topdressing process, and partial farmers are limited by conditions such as manpower, material resources, weather and the like and do not fertilize for the second time at all, so that the corn yield and even the income are influenced. Huang-Huai plain is an important production area of summer corn in China, and the grain yield in the area plays an important role in guaranteeing national grains. Therefore, a simplified fertilizing production method suitable for Huang-Huai plain is urgently needed in summer corn production, and the grain growing enthusiasm of farmers is improved from labor cost saving, energy saving, consumption reduction, stable yield and income increase. The invention aims to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the production cost, simplify the production link and improve the yield and the benefit of the corn.
Wherein, the molecular structure of the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol is as follows:
the molecular structural formula of lipoic acid is:
under the action of a condensing agent (1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide, N-hydroxysuccinimide), the phenolic hydroxyl group in the 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol and the terminal carboxyl group in the lipoic acid are subjected to condensation reaction to finally obtain a dithioester compound, wherein the molecular formula structure is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A simplified fertilization method for yellow pan-flattened summer corn comprises the following steps:
step one, screening summer corn varieties suitable for sowing in yellow pan plain, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment to obtain corn seeds to be sown;
preparing the corn special controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the corn special controlled-release fertilizer sequentially comprises an inner core fertilizer, a urea coating and a resin coating from inside to outside;
step three, after ploughing the land to be sowed, adopting an expanding and shrinking planting mode to plant the corn seeds to be sowed, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm;
step four, applying fertilizer by adopting an interval method while performing the step three, namely applying fertilizer among the planted corn seed rows, wherein the fertilizer is the corn special controlled-release fertilizer prepared in the step two, the fertilizing amount of the corn special controlled-release fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, the horizontal spacing of the fertilizer application is 10-15 cm, the fertilizing depth is not less than 15cm, and the broken-strip rate during the fertilizer application is not less than 5%, wherein the interval method is to apply fertilizer by using a fertilizer discharger (single port), and the determined area is 667m2The fertilizing amount is accurately adjusted, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator in a set distance of 1m is calculated according to the following formula:
Wd＝(W667/667)×H×1000
in the formula:
Wd-fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator (single port) in a set distance of 1m, g;
W667-determined every 667m2The fertilizing amount of (1) is kg;
h is the row spacing, m, of fertilizer application when the row ratio of seeds to fertilizer is 1:1.
The fertilizer discharging of the fertilizer discharger is uniform and stable without leaking, the broken rate of the fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the fertilizer is executed according to the regulation of GB 9479-1988.
In addition, regarding the special controlled release fertilizer for corn:
the inner core fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer to phosphorus element in the phosphate fertilizer to potassium element in the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.3: 0.4. The nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonia water and ammonium chloride; the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer is a mixture of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
The preparation method of the inner core fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of mixing and granulating a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer through a machine to form spherical particles with the diameter of 3-6 mm.
The preparation method of the urea coating comprises the following steps:
and (2) placing the inner core fertilizer in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding molten urea with the mass percentage of biuret less than or equal to 0.9% while the inner core fertilizer is hot, stopping heating after the molten urea is dropwise added, and stopping stirring after the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain the first coating particles coated with urea.
The preparation method of the resin coating comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the first coating particles in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding the resin coating solution while the first coating particles are hot, stopping heating after the resin coating solution is dropwise added, stopping stirring after the resin coating solution is cooled to room temperature to obtain the special controlled-release fertilizer for the corn, and recycling the solvent for reuse.
The resin coating solution is obtained by mixing a resin coating material and dichloromethane according to the mass ratio of 1:4, and the preparation method of the resin coating material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing lipoic acid, dissolving the lipoic acid in dichloromethane, stirring for 0.2-0.5 h under the ice-water bath condition, sequentially adding 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide, continuing to stir for 0.3-0.6 h, removing the ice-water bath, heating to room temperature, dropwise adding a 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol solution of 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol and acetone mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:8, continuously stirring for 12-18 h under the room temperature condition, and sequentially performing rotary evaporation, purification and drying to obtain a dithioester modifier; wherein the mass ratio of the lipoic acid, the 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide, the N-hydroxysuccinimide and the dichloromethane is 3.2:2.4:1.5: 18; the mass ratio of the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol to the lipoic acid in the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol solution is 7.2: 3.2;
s2, weighing a dithioester modifier and polyethylene glycol diol, adding the dithioester modifier and the polyethylene glycol diol into toluene, fully mixing, and adding a catalyst and a chain extender to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the dithioester modifier to the polyethylene glycol diol to the toluene is 1:12.8:45, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the chain extender to the polyethylene glycol diol is 3:9: 100;
s3, dropwise adding the mixed solvent into continuously stirred hexamethylene diisocyanate, heating at 80-100 ℃ for 2-5 min, stopping heating, continuously stirring for reacting for 2-5 h, and sequentially filtering, washing and drying to obtain a resin coating material; wherein the molar ratio of the polyether polyol to the hexamethylene diisocyanate in the mixed solvent is 1: 1.1.
Example 2
A simplified fertilization method for yellow pan-flattened summer corn comprises the following steps:
step one, screening summer corn varieties suitable for sowing in yellow pan plain, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment to obtain corn seeds to be sown;
preparing the corn special controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the corn special controlled-release fertilizer sequentially comprises an inner core fertilizer, a urea coating and a resin coating from inside to outside;
step three, after ploughing the land to be sowed, adopting an expanding and shrinking planting mode to plant the corn seeds to be sowed, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm;
step four, applying fertilizer by adopting an interval method while performing the step three, namely applying fertilizer among the planted corn seed rows, wherein the fertilizer is the corn special controlled-release fertilizer prepared in the step two, the fertilizing amount of the corn special controlled-release fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, the horizontal spacing of the fertilizer application is 10-15 cm, the fertilizing depth is not less than 15cm, and the broken-strip rate during the fertilizer application is not less than 5%, wherein the interval method is to apply fertilizer by using a fertilizer discharger (single port), and the determined area is 667m2The fertilizing amount is accurately adjusted, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator in a set distance of 1m is calculated according to the following formula:
Wd＝(W667/667)×H×1000
in the formula:
Wd-fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator (single port) in a set distance of 1m, g;
W667-determined every 667m2The fertilizing amount of (1) is kg;
h is the row spacing, m, of fertilizer application when the row ratio of seeds to fertilizer is 1:1.
The fertilizer discharging of the fertilizer discharger is uniform and stable without leaking, the broken rate of the fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the fertilizer is executed according to the regulation of GB 9479-1988.
In addition, regarding the special controlled release fertilizer for corn:
the inner core fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen element in the nitrogen fertilizer to phosphorus element in the phosphate fertilizer to potassium element in the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.2: 0.3. The nitrogen fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and urea; the phosphate fertilizer is a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer is a mixture of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.
The preparation method of the inner core fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of mixing and granulating a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer through a machine to form spherical particles with the diameter of 3-6 mm.
The preparation method of the urea coating comprises the following steps:
and (2) placing the inner core fertilizer in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding molten urea with the mass percentage of biuret less than or equal to 0.9% while the inner core fertilizer is hot, stopping heating after the molten urea is dropwise added, and stopping stirring after the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain the first coating particles coated with urea.
The preparation method of the resin coating comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the first coating particles in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding the resin coating solution while the first coating particles are hot, stopping heating after the resin coating solution is dropwise added, stopping stirring after the resin coating solution is cooled to room temperature to obtain the special controlled-release fertilizer for the corn, and recycling the solvent for reuse.
The resin coating solution is obtained by mixing a resin coating material and dichloromethane according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the preparation method of the resin coating material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing lipoic acid, dissolving the lipoic acid in dichloromethane, stirring for 0.2-0.5 h under the ice-water bath condition, sequentially adding 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide, continuing to stir for 0.3-0.6 h, removing the ice-water bath, heating to room temperature, dropwise adding a 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol solution prepared by mixing 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol and acetone according to a mass ratio of 1:6, continuously stirring for 12-18 h under the room temperature condition, and sequentially performing rotary evaporation, purification and drying to obtain a dithioester modifier; wherein the mass ratio of the lipoic acid, the 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide, the N-hydroxysuccinimide and the dichloromethane is 3.2:2.1:1.3: 16; the mass ratio of the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol to the lipoic acid in the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol solution is 6.8: 3.2;
s2, weighing a dithioester modifier and polypropylene glycol diol, adding the dithioester modifier and the polypropylene glycol diol into toluene, fully mixing, and adding a catalyst and a chain extender to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the disulfide modifier to the polypropylene glycol diol to the toluene is 1:10.4:40, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the chain extender to the polypropylene glycol diol is 1:8: 100;
s3, dropwise adding the mixed solvent into continuously stirred xylylene diisocyanate, heating at 80-100 ℃ for 2-5 min, stopping heating, continuously stirring for reacting for 2-5 h, and sequentially filtering, washing and drying to obtain a resin coating material; wherein the molar ratio of the polyether polyol to the xylylene diisocyanate in the mixed solvent is 1: 1.05.
Example 3
A simplified fertilization method for yellow pan-flattened summer corn comprises the following steps:
step one, screening summer corn varieties suitable for sowing in yellow pan plain, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment to obtain corn seeds to be sown;
preparing the corn special controlled-release fertilizer, wherein the corn special controlled-release fertilizer sequentially comprises an inner core fertilizer, a urea coating and a resin coating from inside to outside;
step three, after ploughing the land to be sowed, adopting an expanding and shrinking planting mode to plant the corn seeds to be sowed, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm;
step four, applying fertilizer by adopting an interval method while performing the step three, namely applying fertilizer among the planted corn seed rows, wherein the fertilizer is the corn special controlled-release fertilizer prepared in the step two, the fertilizing amount of the corn special controlled-release fertilizer is 60 kg/mu, the horizontal spacing of the fertilizer application is 10-15 cm, the fertilizing depth is not less than 15cm, and the broken-strip rate during the fertilizer application is not less than 5%, wherein the interval method is to apply fertilizer by using a fertilizer discharger (single port), and the determined area is 667m2The fertilizing amount is accurately adjusted, the fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator in a set distance of 1m is calculated according to the following formula:
Wd＝(W667/667)×H×1000
in the formula:
Wd-fertilizer application amount of the fertilizer applicator (single port) in a set distance of 1m, g;
W667-determined every 667m2The fertilizing amount of (1) is kg;
h is the row spacing, m, of fertilizer application when the row ratio of seeds to fertilizer is 1:1.
The fertilizer discharging of the fertilizer discharger is uniform and stable without leaking, the broken rate of the fertilizer is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the fertilizer is executed according to the regulation of GB 9479-1988.
In addition, regarding the special controlled release fertilizer for corn:
the inner core fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer to potassium in the potassium fertilizer is 1:0.5: 0.5. The nitrogen fertilizer comprises a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate, urea and ammonium chloride; the phosphate fertilizer comprises a mixture of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer comprises a mixture of potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
The preparation method of the inner core fertilizer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of mixing and granulating a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer through a machine to form spherical particles with the diameter of 3-6 mm.
The preparation method of the urea coating comprises the following steps:
and (2) placing the inner core fertilizer in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding molten urea with the mass percentage of biuret less than or equal to 0.9% while the inner core fertilizer is hot, stopping heating after the molten urea is dropwise added, and stopping stirring after the mixture is cooled to room temperature to obtain the first coating particles coated with urea.
The preparation method of the resin coating comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the first coating particles in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding the resin coating solution while the first coating particles are hot, stopping heating after the resin coating solution is dropwise added, stopping stirring after the resin coating solution is cooled to room temperature to obtain the special controlled-release fertilizer for the corn, and recycling the solvent for reuse.
The resin coating solution is obtained by mixing a resin coating material and dichloromethane according to the mass ratio of 1:5, and the preparation method of the resin coating material comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing lipoic acid, dissolving the lipoic acid in dichloromethane, stirring for 0.2-0.5 h under the ice-water bath condition, sequentially adding 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide, continuing to stir for 0.3-0.6 h, removing the ice-water bath, heating to room temperature, dropwise adding a 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol solution prepared by mixing 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol and acetone according to a mass ratio of 1:10, continuously stirring for 12-18 h under the room temperature condition, and sequentially performing rotary evaporation, purification and drying to obtain a dithioester modifier; wherein the mass ratio of the lipoic acid, the 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylpropylamine) carbodiimide, the N-hydroxysuccinimide and the dichloromethane is 3.2:2.6:1.8: 20; the mass ratio of the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol to the lipoic acid in the 3-methyl-4-isopropyl phenol solution is 7.5: 3.2;
s2, weighing a dithioester modifier and polytetramethylene glycol diol, adding the dithioester modifier and the polytetramethylene glycol diol into toluene, fully mixing, and adding a catalyst and a chain extender to obtain a mixed solvent; wherein the mass ratio of the disulfide modifier to the polytetramethylene glycol diol to the toluene is 1:15.6:50, and the mass ratio of the catalyst to the chain extender to the polytetramethylene glycol diol is 4:10: 100;
s3, dropwise adding the mixed solvent into continuously stirred diphenylmethane diisocyanate, heating at 80-100 ℃ for 2-5 min, stopping heating, continuously stirring for reacting for 2-5 h, and sequentially filtering, washing and drying to obtain a resin coating material; wherein the molar ratio of the polyether polyol to the diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the mixed solvent is 1: 1.15.
Comparative example
A simplified fertilization method of yellow-pan plain summer corn is the same as that in example 1, and only differs from that in example 1 in that: the special controlled release fertilizer for the corn sequentially comprises an inner core fertilizer, a urea coating and a resin coating from inside to outside, wherein the resin coating comprises the components of common polyurethane sold in the market.
In order to illustrate the invention more clearly, the invention also performs related tests on the corns planted in the Huangpangpingyuanxia corn light simplified fertilization method in the embodiments 1 to 3 and the comparative example of the invention. Wherein, summer corn variety: qingnong 11; the experimental ground is: shangqiu city, Xiaji county, Henan province; the test time is as follows: 2019.6.1-2019.9.20; a fertilizing mode: fertilizing by a one-time machine; during the fertilization period: the crops normally spray pesticides to weed and kill insects, and the pesticide amount sprayed by the four embodiments (examples 1-3 and comparative example) is almost equal. At the final harvest, the evaluation was performed according to the growth status and yield of corn, and the evaluation included the emergence rate, the width and length of the root system of corn, and the final yield (the growth status of the root system was observed at three places randomly in four fields, and then the average value of the three places was taken), and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 corn State and yield results for different corn specific controlled release fertilizers
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example | |
| Rate of emergence (%) | 98.7 | 98.5 | 97.9 | 90.2 |
| Average root thickness (mm) | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.58 |
| Average root length (cm) | 86 | 82 | 89 | 71 |
| Yield (kg/mu) | 658.2 | 649.8 | 664.3 | 612.7 |
The results show that the fertilizer prepared by the application of the fertilizer disclosed by the embodiment 1-3 has better emergence rate and stronger root growth, so that the fertilizer coordinates the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of corn, promotes the development of the root system, and has higher yield, and the fertilizer further proves that the fertilizer prepared by the application of the fertilizer disclosed by the embodiment 1-3 has better yield increase effect.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A simplified fertilization method for yellow pan-flattened summer corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, screening summer corn varieties suitable for sowing in yellow pan plain, and then carrying out seed dressing treatment to obtain corn seeds to be sown;
step two, preparing a special controlled release fertilizer for corn;
step three, after ploughing the land to be sowed, adopting an expanding and shrinking planting mode to plant the corn seeds to be sowed, wherein the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 60-100 cm, and the plant spacing is 10-20 cm;
and step four, applying fertilizer by adopting an interval method while performing the step three, namely applying fertilizer among the planted corn seed rows, wherein the fertilizer is the special controlled-release fertilizer for corn prepared in the step two, the horizontal distance of the fertilizer application is 10-15 cm, the depth of the fertilizer application is not less than 15cm, and the broken rate during the fertilizer application is less than or equal to 5%.
2. The light simplified fertilization method for yellow-pan-plain summer corn according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the planting density is as follows: the row spacing is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 15 cm.
3. The simplified fertilization method of the Huang-Pan-Ping original summer corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controlled release fertilizer specially used for the corn comprises an inner core fertilizer, a urea coating and a resin coating which are arranged in sequence from inside to outside.
4. The simplified fertilization method of the Huang-Pan original summer corn according to claim 3, wherein the core fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of nitrogen in the nitrogen fertilizer to phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer to potassium in the potassium fertilizer is 1: 0.2-0.5: 0.3-0.5.
5. The simplified fertilization method of Huang-Pan-Zhen-Xia corn according to claim 4, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer comprises at least one of ammonium bicarbonate, urea, ammonia water and ammonium chloride; the phosphate fertilizer comprises at least one of calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate; the potash fertilizer comprises at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate.
6. The simplified fertilization method of the yellow-pan plain summer corn according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization amount of the controlled release fertilizer special for corn is 40-60 kg/mu.
7. The simplified fertilization method of the Huang-Pan original summer corn according to claim 4, wherein the core fertilizer is spherical particles with a diameter of 3-6 mm formed by machine mixing and granulation.
8. The simplified fertilization method of the Huang-Pan-Ping-Yuan corn according to claim 4, wherein the urea coating is prepared by the following steps:
and (3) placing the inner core fertilizer in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding molten urea while the inner core fertilizer is hot, stopping heating after dropwise adding, and stopping stirring after cooling to room temperature to obtain urea coated first coated particles.
9. The simplified fertilization method of the yellow-pan original summer corn as claimed in claim 8, wherein the biuret content of the urea in a molten state is less than or equal to 0.9% by weight.
10. The simplified fertilization method of the Huang-Pan-Ping-Yuan corn according to claim 8, wherein the resin coating is prepared by:
and (3) placing the first coating particles in a stirrer rotating at the speed of 500-800 rpm, heating to 45-60 ℃, dropwise adding a resin coating solution while the first coating particles are hot, stopping heating after the resin coating solution is dropwise added, and stopping stirring after the first coating particles are cooled to room temperature to obtain the special controlled release fertilizer for the corn.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111042789.3A CN113632630B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Simplified fertilization method for Huang Pang original summer corn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111042789.3A CN113632630B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Simplified fertilization method for Huang Pang original summer corn |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113632630A true CN113632630A (en) | 2021-11-12 |
| CN113632630B CN113632630B (en) | 2022-09-06 |
Family
ID=78425330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111042789.3A Active CN113632630B (en) | 2021-09-07 | 2021-09-07 | Simplified fertilization method for Huang Pang original summer corn |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113632630B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10048231A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-11 | Haseloff Thomas | Production and evaluation process for highly energetic maize or rape biomass, used in regions of poor soil quality comprises placing biomass on high quality base, and using evaluating mass |
| US20130109565A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Microcapsules adapted to rupture in a magnetic field |
| CN104609964A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-13 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Double-layer coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110959358A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-07 | 河南省土壤肥料站 | Simplified summer corn fertilizing method |
-
2021
- 2021-09-07 CN CN202111042789.3A patent/CN113632630B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10048231A1 (en) * | 2000-09-21 | 2002-04-11 | Haseloff Thomas | Production and evaluation process for highly energetic maize or rape biomass, used in regions of poor soil quality comprises placing biomass on high quality base, and using evaluating mass |
| US20130109565A1 (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Microcapsules adapted to rupture in a magnetic field |
| CN104609964A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-05-13 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Double-layer coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110959358A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-07 | 河南省土壤肥料站 | Simplified summer corn fertilizing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 詹益兴等: "《新型缓控释肥施用技术》", 31 May 2008, 北京中国三峡出版社 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113632630B (en) | 2022-09-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101870624B (en) | Rice special controlled-release fertilizer applied once in processes of rice transplantation and seedling culture and preparation method thereof | |
| US20210380502A1 (en) | Multi-layered fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101823923B (en) | Seed-friendly corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer | |
| CN102424633A (en) | Self-curing film-coated controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111792963A (en) | Common quick-acting fertilizer-based one-time application large-grain fertilizer for field crops in whole growth period and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN107245001A (en) | A kind of functional slow-release fertilizer and its production method | |
| CN108117451A (en) | A kind of controlled release bulk blended fertilizer resistant to lodging for Direct-seeding Rice, preparation method and application | |
| CN105859428A (en) | High-concentration inorganic compound microbial fertilizer | |
| CN107586205A (en) | A kind of coated fertilizer for improveing acid soil and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110698305A (en) | Fulvic acid compound fertilizer suitable for corn planting in northeast region and preparation method thereof | |
| CN100478313C (en) | Special multi-nutrient control-release fertilizer for cauliflower and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113632630B (en) | Simplified fertilization method for Huang Pang original summer corn | |
| WO2024032339A1 (en) | Preparation method for orchard base fertilizer and application method therefor | |
| CN110590454A (en) | Slow/controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN100463884C (en) | Special control-release fertilizer for sulfur and resin coated melon and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103360184B (en) | A kind of anti-burning type corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application | |
| CN103304321B (en) | Environmental-friendly inorganic composite membrane controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN109279960A (en) | A kind of wheat and corn coating controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN115141060A (en) | Coated controlled-release pesticide fertilizer, preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN101239857A (en) | Long-acting special-purpose control-release fertilizer for peony and preparation method thereof | |
| CN114478141A (en) | Magnesium and silicon-rich sulfur-coated slow-release fertilizer special for rice and preparation method thereof | |
| CN100463883C (en) | Whole process regulating and controlling special control-release fertilizer for helianthus and preparation method thereof | |
| CN100482621C (en) | Controlled release fertilizer special for rose and manufacture method thereof | |
| CN111557214B (en) | Planting method for soil improvement | |
| CN111348942B (en) | Mixed fertilizer for rice and capable of matching nitrogen requirements in targeted manner and application of mixed fertilizer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |