CN113615695B - Composition for improving fruit tree yield and quality and application thereof - Google Patents

Composition for improving fruit tree yield and quality and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113615695B
CN113615695B CN202111091997.2A CN202111091997A CN113615695B CN 113615695 B CN113615695 B CN 113615695B CN 202111091997 A CN202111091997 A CN 202111091997A CN 113615695 B CN113615695 B CN 113615695B
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yield
fruit
quality
agent
medicament
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CN113615695A (en
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郑先福
姚锋娜
万翠
许伟长
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ZHENGZHOU ZHENGSHI CHEMICAL PRODUCT CO Ltd
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ZHENGZHOU ZHENGSHI CHEMICAL PRODUCT CO Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
    • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a composition for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which comprises melatonin and a compound plant regulator in a mass ratio of 1: 0.005-500, wherein the compound plant regulator is any one or two of 5-aminolevulinic acid and hemiphyllin. The composition has the advantages of small dosage, convenient use, no toxicity, easy degradation, and no easy generation of phytotoxicity, and can improve the yield and quality of fruit trees to increase both production and income.

Description

Composition for improving fruit tree yield and quality and application thereof
Technical field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a composition for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees and application thereof.
Background Art
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) CAS number 73-31-4 with molecular formula C 13 H 16 N 2 O 2 Molecular weight 232.28, a broad spectrum physiological regulator, is present in most biological organisms. It has effects in improving sleep, relieving depression, improving body resistance, improving active oxygen scavenging ability, and resisting aging. The melatonin has multiple physiological functions in plants, and researches show that the melatonin can improve the stress resistance (drought, high temperature, cold damage and the like) of the plants and has a regulating effect on the circadian rhythm and the photoperiod of the plants. Melatonin is an endogenous metabolite, can be biodegraded, is environment-friendly, has no toxicity to human bodies, and can be used for production of field and facility agriculture.
Patents have disclosed the use of melatonin, for example, CN201310361933 discloses the use of melatonin in enhancing salt tolerance of soybeans; the patent of CN105076136B discloses the use of melatonin in improving the resistance of plants to waterlogging stress; CN201610363270 discloses a method for promoting germination of aged oat seeds and growth of oat seedlings by melatonin; the CN201811042561 patent discloses an application of sodium hydrosulfide and melatonin used together as a plant drought resistant agent. Besides the above applications, melatonin is less applied to other aspects of crops, and the synergistic effect with other products is also rarely studied.
The chemical name of the hemiphyllin is N-acetyl-thioproline, the hemiphyllin is a derivative of organic amino acid and has certain biological activity of promoting the growth of crops. 5-aminolevulinic acid, commonly known as 5-ALA, is a prefix compound of pyrrolidine, is an essential substance for synthesizing chlorophyll, heme, vitamin B12 and the like by organisms, and is a non-protein amino acid widely existing in living cells of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, animals, plants and the like.
In recent years, the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides brings a series of problems such as increase of production cost, soil pollution, potential safety hazards of agricultural product quality and the like. In the field of agricultural chemicals, plant growth regulators have already played a certain role in reducing the amount of fertilizers used and increasing crop yields. However, problems are faced, such as phytotoxicity caused by improper use of the regulator, improper selection of plant regulators for different plants, and waste of resources. In order to promote the reduction and the efficiency improvement of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and improve the adaptability of crops to the change of the ecological environment, the invention provides a safe and environment-friendly pharmaceutical composition which is lower in dosage and capable of improving the yield and the quality of crops.
Summary
The invention aims to provide a composition for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which is small in dosage, convenient to use, non-toxic, easy to degrade and not easy to generate phytotoxicity, can improve the yield and quality of fruit trees and achieves the purpose of increasing both production and income.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a composition for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which comprises melatonin and a compound plant regulator, wherein the mass ratio of the melatonin to the compound plant regulator is 1: 0.005-500; the compound plant regulator is any one or two of 5-aminolevulinic acid and hemiphyllin.
The invention also provides a medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which is prepared by taking the composition as an effective component and adding an auxiliary agent.
Preferably, the content of the effective components is 0.5-60%.
Preferably, the preparation is water, emulsion in water, wettable powder, soluble granules, water dispersible granules, suspending agents, soluble solutions, oil suspending agents, tablets or effervescent granules.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent comprises any one or more of an emulsifier, a stabilizer and an anti-freezing agent.
Preferably, the emulsifier comprises one or more of tween-80, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sulfate anionic compounds, lignosulphonates, polycarboxylates, phosphates and naphthalenesulphonates.
Preferably, the stabilizer comprises one or more of citric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium citrate, boric acid and tartaric acid.
Preferably, the antifreeze agent comprises any one or more of methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and water-soluble amide.
Preferably, the medicament consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-10% of melatonin, 2-10% of an emulsifier, 1-8% of a stabilizer, 1-8% of an antifreezing agent, 0.5-50% of hemiphyllin or 5-aminolevulinic acid and the balance of clear water.
The invention also provides application of the composition or the medicament in improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, and the using period is after fruit setting or young fruit expanding period of the fruit trees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the composition has the advantages of small dosage, convenient use, no toxicity, easy degradation and difficult generation of phytotoxicity, can improve the yield and quality of crops, and achieves the purpose of increasing both production and income.
The composition is applied to apple crops, after the composition is applied, the growth phase and the growth vigor of apples are observed to be normal, no phytotoxicity symptom is seen, the growth of the apples can be regulated, the fruit setting rate and the yield of the apples can be obviously improved, the number of commercial fruits and high-quality fruits is obviously increased, and the content of VC and soluble sugar in the apples is obviously improved.
The composition disclosed by the invention is applied to mango crops, can promote the fruit type of mangoes to be elongated, increases the weight of a single fruit and the yield of a single plant, and has a good yield increasing effect; meanwhile, the sweetness of the mango is increased, and the quality of the mango is improved. The medicament has no harm during use and no adverse effect on other organisms.
Detailed description of preferred embodiments
The invention provides a composition for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which comprises melatonin and a compound plant regulator, wherein the mass ratio of the melatonin to the compound plant regulator is 1: 0.005-500; the compound plant regulator is any one or two of 5-aminolevulinic acid and hemiphyllin.
In the present invention, all the raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
In the invention, the mass ratio of melatonin to hemiphyllin is preferably 1: 0.5-500, more preferably 1: 50-200, and further preferably 1: 50-100; the mass ratio of the melatonin to the 5-aminolevulinic acid is preferably 1: 0.005-100, more preferably 1: 0.5-10, and further preferably 1: 1-5. The proper mass ratio of the melatonin to the hemiphyllin or the 5-aminolevulinic acid can obviously improve the yield and the quality of fruit trees, and if the dosage is not proper, the phytotoxicity of crops and the yield and the quality are easy to reduce.
The invention also provides a medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which is preferably prepared by taking the composition as an effective component and adding an auxiliary agent.
In the present invention, the content of the active ingredient is preferably 0.5 to 60%, more preferably 0.75 to 20%.
In the invention, the dosage form of the medicament is preferably aqueous solution, aqueous emulsion, wettable powder, soluble granules, water dispersible granules, suspending agent, soluble solution, oil suspending agent, tablets or effervescent granules, and more preferably aqueous solution and soluble solution.
In the invention, the auxiliary agent is preferably any one or more of an emulsifier, a stabilizer and an antifreeze, and more preferably a combination of the emulsifier, the stabilizer and the antifreeze.
In the invention, the emulsifier is preferably any one or more of tween-80, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether and sulfate anionic compounds, lignosulphonates, polycarboxylates, phosphates and naphthalenesulphonates, and more preferably any one of tween-80, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether-10. The emulsifier in the invention is helpful for dispersing all components and preventing all components from caking in the preparation process.
In the invention, the stabilizer is preferably any one or more of citric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium citrate, boric acid and tartaric acid, and more preferably any one of citric acid, hydrochloric acid and potassium citrate.
In the invention, the antifreeze is preferably any one or more of methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and water-soluble amide, and more preferably any one of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.
In the invention, the medicament preferably consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-10% of melatonin, 2-10% of an emulsifier, 1-8% of a stabilizer, 1-8% of an antifreezing agent, 0.5-50% of hemiphyllin or 5-aminolevulinic acid, and the balance of clear water, more preferably 0.1% of melatonin, 3-10% of hemiphyllin, 3% of citric acid, 5% of ethylene glycol, tween-803%, and the balance of clear water, more preferably 0.25-0.5% of melatonin, 0.5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1% of hydrochloric acid, 5% of ethylene glycol, tween-803%, and the balance of clear water.
The invention also provides application of the composition or the medicament in improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, wherein the using period is after fruit setting or young fruit expanding period of the fruit trees. The invention is applied by foliar spraying or other easy-to-implement modes; the fruit trees in the invention are well-known in the field, and are preferably apples, kiwi fruits and mangoes.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% of melatonin, 10% of hemiphyllin, 3% of citric acid, 5% of glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Example 2
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25% of melatonin, 0.5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1% of hydrochloric acid, 5% of ethylene glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Example 3
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1% of melatonin, 5% of hemiphyllin, 3% of citric acid, 5% of glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Example 4
The medicament for improving the yield and the quality of the fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of melatonin, 0.5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1% of hydrochloric acid, 5% of ethylene glycol, 103% of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether and the balance of clear water.
Example 5
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% of melatonin, 20% of hemiphyllin, 3% of citric acid, 5% of glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Example 6
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of melatonin, 37.5% of hemiphyllin, 3% of citric acid, 5% of ethylene glycol, tween-803% and the balance of clear water.
Example 7
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of melatonin, 2.5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1% of hydrochloric acid, 5% of ethylene glycol, 103% of polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether and the balance of clear water.
Example 8
A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.25% of melatonin, 2.5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1% of hydrochloric acid, 5% of glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Comparative example 1
The preparation of the medicament containing 0.5 percent of melatonin comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of melatonin, 1% of citric acid, 5% of glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Comparative example 2
The preparation of the medicament containing 5% of hemiphyllin comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of hemifolin, 2.5% of potassium citrate, 5% of propylene glycol, 1% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Comparative example 3
Preparing a medicament containing 0.5 percent of 5-aminolevulinic acid, which consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 1% of hydrochloric acid, 3% of glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Comparative example 4
The preparation of the medicament containing the hemiphyllin and the 5-aminolevulinic acid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of hemiphyllin, 0.1% of 5-aminolevulinic acid, 0.2% of hydrochloric acid, 3% of ethylene glycol, tween-803 and the balance of clear water.
Example 5
The test is implemented by referring to agricultural industry standard of the people's republic of China, pesticide field efficacy test criterion two (GB/T17980.145-2004).
Test one: apple growth regulating test
Test time: 12 days 5/2020 to 31 days 5/2020.
And (3) test crops: apple, variety: and (4) national light.
Test site: hebei province, Baoding City.
The control object is: regulating apple growth
Test agents: the reagents prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are all configured in the laboratory of Zhengzhou Zheng chemical products Limited company; the contrast agent is 5% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate aqueous solution, and the blank contrast is clear water.
(1) Test site and management
The test is carried out in the apple orchard of Niuzhuangcun, Baoding City, Hebei province, the test land is flat, the planting condition is good, the fertility is uniform, the soil is loam, the organic matter content of the soil is 1.3 percent, and the pH value of the soil is 7.0. The apple trees are 12 years old, the row spacing of the apple trees is 4.5 meters, and the inter-plant spacing is 3.0 meters. Applying 50kg of nitrogenous fertilizer and 50kg of compound microbial fertilizer before testing; the test period was 5 times irrigated. In the test period of the apple orchard, 800 times of liquid of 70 percent thiophanate-methyl wettable powder is used for sterilization for 3 times; the 5 percent abamectin soluble agent is used for preventing and controlling lepidoptera pests by 1500 times of liquid medicine for 3 times. During the test period, no weather condition which obviously influences the drug effect is generated.
(2) Design and arrangement of experiments
The soluble solutions of the agents described in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 and the control agent required for the test were prepared in the following component ratios.
TABLE 1 preparation of test pharmaceutical soluble solutions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And (3) test cell: 2 trees were a cell, with 4 replicates per treatment.
Time and frequency of application: spraying the stem and leaf to uniformly spray; the water consumption is 100 liters per mu.
3 pm at 5/12/2018: 00 applying the medicine for 1 time, wherein the apple is in the fruit setting stage during application; 24/2018, 5/28/3/pm: 00 the application is carried out for 1 time, and the apple is in the fruit expansion period during the application.
Investigation time and number of times:
the apple phytotoxicity symptoms are visually observed at 3d, 7d and 10d after the application;
surveying the number of young fruits at the young fruit period of 5 months and 12 days;
investigating fruit size in the fruit expanding period within 5 months and 31 days;
surveying the single fruit weight of the apples in 9 months and 20 days and determining the yield;
after harvesting, the apples were subjected to quality analysis.
The investigation method comprises the following steps:
selecting one apple tree for each treatment in each cell, selecting a fruit branch fixed hanging plate as an investigation object in the east, south, west, north and middle five directions of the apple tree, respectively investigating the number of apple flowers before using the apple tree, investigating the number of young fruits of the hung fruit branches after the young fruits are set, and finding the results in table 2; during harvesting, 5 apples are picked from different directions of each tree and weighed, and the average single fruit weight is calculated, and the result is shown in table 3; for each replicate, 5 apples per cell were selected for quality analysis, and the results are shown in table 4.
Investigating whether the pesticide damages the crops, and recording the type and the degree of the damage. In addition, other beneficial effects on the crop should also be noted.
Phytotoxicity was recorded as follows:
if the effect can be determined or calculated, it is expressed in absolute terms, such as fruit set percentage, fruit weight, yield per plant, etc.
The frequency and extent of the damage can be expressed in two ways:
the grading standard of the drug damage is used for distinguishing the drug damage degree of each cell, and the drug damage degree is represented by-, + + + + + + + + andthe plus. To indicate no phytotoxicity; +: mild phytotoxicity, no influence on the normal growth of crops; ++: obvious phytotoxicity, recoverability and no crop yield reduction; +++: the phytotoxicity is heavy, the normal growth of crops is influenced, and the yield and the quality of the crops are lost to a certain extent; ++++: severe phytotoxicity, hindered crop growth, and severe loss of yield and quality.
② the percentage of phytotoxicity of each test cell is evaluated in comparison with the blank control.
Meanwhile, the phytotoxicity symptoms (deformity, reduction of fruit shape index, etc.) of crops should be accurately described.
The drug effect calculation method comprises the following steps:
fruit setting rate calculation formula: fruit set rate (%) < young fruit number/total flower number investigated x 100
Yield increase calculation formula: yield increase (%) (treatment area yield-clear water control yield)/clear water control yield × 100
Random block analysis of variance was performed on the data using SPSS 19.0, and the multiple comparison method was the dunken method.
TABLE 2 Effect of each treatment on apple setting percentage
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
The data in table 2 show that the fruit setting rate of the treated groups of examples 1 to 4 is significantly different from that of the blank control group and the control agent, and the fruit setting rate of the treated groups of examples 3 to 4 is significantly different from that of the treated groups of comparative examples 1 to 4.
TABLE 3 Effect of treatment Agents on apple yield
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
The data in Table 3 show that the weight average of single fruit is significantly different in the groups treated with the example agents 1-4 compared with the blank control group, the groups treated with the comparative examples 1-4 and the control agent group; compared with a blank control group, comparative examples 1 to 4 treatment groups and a control medicament group, the yield of the treatment groups of the embodiment medicaments 3 to 4 is obviously different; the treatment groups of examples 1 to 4 were significantly improved in yield compared to the control agents of comparative examples 1 to 4.
TABLE 4 fruit grading at harvest stage for each treatment dose
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The data in table 4 show that the number of top-grade fruits in the treatment groups of examples 1 to 4 is greatly increased when the apples are harvested, which is of great significance for increasing the marketability of the apples.
TABLE 5 Effect of the respective treatment Agents on apple quality
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
The data in table 5 show that the contents of VC and soluble sugar in the treatment groups of examples 1 to 4 were significantly increased, and the contents of soluble solid and titratable acid were not significantly changed, compared with the treatment groups of comparative examples 1 to 4, the control agent treatment group, and the blank control group.
And (4) analyzing safety results: during the test period, under the field visual inspection, the effective component concentrations of the agents in the examples 1-4 are 33.7g/kg, 1.50mg/kg, 25.5mg/kg and 2mg/kg, water is added and evenly sprayed at the beginning flowering stage, the fruit setting stage and the fruit expanding stage of the apple trees, after the application, the growth phase and the growth vigor of the apples are observed to be normal, no phytotoxicity symptom is seen, and the agents are safe for the apples to be tested within the dosage range of the application of the agents to the test.
And (2) test II: test for regulating mango growth
Test time: 25 days in 2019 and 2 months to 20 days in 2019 and 3 months.
And (3) test crops: mango, variety: tainong.
Test site: hainan province, san city.
The control object is: regulating mango growth
Test agents: the agents prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were each prepared in a laboratory of Zhengzhou Zheng chemical products Co., Ltd.; the control agent is 0.1% forchlorfenuron soluble solution, and the blank control is clear water.
(1) Test site and management
The experimental site is bridgehead of 19 new farms in the south of Susan City, Hainan, the tree age is 20 years, Tainong is grafted four years ago, the mountain land cultivation is realized, the cultivation water and fertilizer management is good, and basically no weeds exist; the plant spacing is 3m, and the row spacing is 3.5 m; the soil type is loam. No inclement weather occurred during the entire test period affecting the test results.
(2) Design and arrangement of experiments
The soluble solutions of the agents described in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 and the control agent required for the test were prepared in the following component ratios.
TABLE 6 preparation of test pharmaceutical soluble solutions
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
And (3) test cell: 1 tree is a cell, and each treatment is repeated 3 times.
Application time and times: the spraying of the whole plant is carried out, the application time is about 20 days after flower withering, the spraying is carried out for the first time in 2 months and 25 days in 2019, the spraying frequency is basically consistent with the local spraying habit, and the spraying is carried out once every 6 days for 4 times in total.
Investigation time and number of times:
the condition of the drug injury is observed 3-5 days after the application of the drug for the first time, the transverse diameter and the longitudinal diameter of the mango are measured before the application of the drug for each time, and the results are investigated once after 6 days after the last application of the drug, and are shown in tables 7-8. The total number of surveys was 5. Any effect of the agent on the wild life and/or beneficial insects was recorded.
The investigation method comprises the following steps:
each tree is marked with 1 floral grouping in five directions of east, south, west, north and middle, and all fruits (each plant has no less than 10 measured results) are investigated, and the marked floral grouping diameters should be consistent as much as possible. During collection, fruits are randomly taken from the investigation trees of each cell in the east, south, west and north directions and each direction, and the sugar content, the weight of each fruit and the yield of each plant of 10 fruits are investigated, and the results are shown in a table 10.
Investigating whether the pesticide damages the crops, and recording the type and the degree of the damage. In addition, other beneficial effects on the crop should also be recorded. The content of the phytotoxicity record is the same as that recorded in the first test.
The drug effect calculation method comprises the following steps:
mango type index calculation formula: fruit type index mango longitudinal meridian/mango transverse meridian
Random block anova was performed on the data using SPSS 19.0 and the multiple comparison method was the dunken method.
TABLE 7 Effect of treatment groups on mango growth
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
TABLE 8 Effect of treatment groups on mango fruit Width growth
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
The data in tables 7-8 show that the increase of fruit length of the agent treatment groups of examples 1-4 is significantly different in 18 days compared with the blank control group and the control agent, and the increase of fruit length of the agent treatment groups of examples 1-4 is significantly different in 22 days after the agent treatment compared with the blank control group and the control agent; the fruit width and growth amount is obviously different from that of a blank control group at 18 days after the medicine application. Under the condition that the fruit width is not changed greatly, the weight of the mango is greatly influenced by the increase of the fruit length, and the increase of the fruit length means the increase of the fruit weight.
TABLE 9 Effect of treatment groups on mango type index
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
The data in table 9 show that the fruit shape index of the samples of examples 1-4 after treatment with the agent is significantly different from that of the blank control group 22 days after treatment with time; the mean value shows that the fruit shape index tends to increase, i.e. the treatment with the agent increases the length of the mango more significantly and the mango fruit becomes better looking longer. This also meets market requirements.
TABLE 10 analysis of yield and quality results during mango harvesting
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Note: the different lower case letter representations differed significantly at the level of P0.05.
The data in table 10 show that the single fruit weight after the treatment of the agents in examples 1 to 4 is significantly different from that of the blank control group and that of the treatment groups in comparative examples 1 to 4, and the single fruit weight tends to increase. The sweetness of mangoes treated by the agents in examples 1 to 4 is increased compared with that of the blank control group, the control agent group and the comparative examples 1 to 4. The sweetness of the control medicament group is reduced after treatment, which shows that the sweetness of the mango is increased after the treatment by using the medicament of the invention, and the method is of great significance for improving the quality of the mango.
And (4) analyzing safety results: during the test period, the concentration of the agent in the embodiment 1-4 is 40.4g/kg, 3mg/kg, 34mg/kg and 2mg/kg through visual inspection in the field, the fruit type of mangoes can be promoted to be elongated, the weight of single fruit and the yield of single plants are increased, and the effect of increasing the yield is achieved; meanwhile, the sweetness of the mango is increased, and the quality of the mango is improved. The pesticide has no adverse effect on mango leaves, flowers, fruits and the like from pesticide application to harvest, and has no phytotoxicity; has no adverse effect on other organisms.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The composition for improving the yield and the quality of fruit trees is characterized by comprising melatonin and a compound plant regulator, wherein the mass ratio of the melatonin to the compound plant regulator is 1: 2-200; the compound plant regulator is any one of 5-aminolevulinic acid and hemiphyllin;
the dosage of the composition is 0.5-20%.
2. A medicament for improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, which is prepared by taking the composition of claim 1 as an effective component and adding an auxiliary agent.
3. The medicament of claim 2, wherein the medicament is in the form of aqueous solution, aqueous emulsion, wettable powder, soluble granules, water dispersible granules, suspending agent, soluble solution, oil suspending agent, tablets or effervescent granules.
4. The medicament of claim 2, wherein the auxiliary agent comprises any one or more of an emulsifier, a stabilizer and an anti-freezing agent.
5. The medicament according to claim 4, wherein the emulsifier comprises one or more of Tween-80, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether-10, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and sulfate anionic compounds, lignosulphonates, polycarboxylates, phosphates and naphthalenesulphonates.
6. The medicament according to claim 4, wherein the stabilizer comprises any one or more of citric acid, hydrochloric acid, potassium citrate, boric acid and tartaric acid.
7. The agent of claim 4, wherein the cryoprotectant comprises any one or more of methanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, and a water-soluble amide.
8. The medicament according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1-10% of melatonin, 2-10% of an emulsifier, 1-8% of a stabilizer, 1-8% of an antifreezing agent, 0.5-50% of hemiphyllin or 5-aminolevulinic acid and the balance of clear water.
9. The composition of claim 1 or the agent of any one of claims 2 to 8 for use in improving the yield and quality of fruit trees, wherein the period of use is after fruit setting or during young fruit expansion.
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