CN113612223B - Hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method - Google Patents
Hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113612223B CN113612223B CN202110897264.1A CN202110897264A CN113612223B CN 113612223 B CN113612223 B CN 113612223B CN 202110897264 A CN202110897264 A CN 202110897264A CN 113612223 B CN113612223 B CN 113612223B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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Abstract
The application provides a hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method, which comprises the steps of selecting power system elements from a Simulink module library according to elements in a target regional power grid system; placing the selected power system components at the corresponding positions of the Simulink and connecting the power system components according to the components in the target regional power grid system; parameter setting is carried out on the power system elements selected from the Simulink module library according to the elements in the target regional power grid system; determining a simulation step length, a simulation type and a simulation solver in the Powergui module; and starting simulation until the simulation curve meets the preset curve. By adopting the method, the problems that problems possibly occur in each subdivision step of black start and the uncertainty factors are more and sufficient verification cannot be obtained in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of power grids, and particularly relates to a hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method.
Background
The black start refers to that after the power grid breaks down and stops running due to faults or when a unit is put into operation for the first time, all the systems are powered off or not powered on and are in a full black state. And the plant power supply of the unit is recovered through the self capacity, the smooth starting of the main power unit is ensured, and the recovery and power supply of the whole system are finally realized. In a local area power grid with less unit capacity, the situation of full power grid breakdown is common, so that the recovery process of the whole power system is simpler and easier. For a grid with a small power system and frequent breakdown, a power station with a relatively reliable unit capacity and a relatively large unit capacity is required to complete black start of the whole power system.
Currently, a hydropower station is used for driving a target area power grid to start black, which is the primary choice. The black start of the power grid in the driving target area needs to consider the coordination among various black start power supplies and the stability control of the black start process, and the stability control generally comprises the problems of system voltage and frequency stability, including the problems of self excitation and line overvoltage of a generator in the black start power transmission process and the problems of frequency and voltage caused by the starting current impact of an auxiliary power plant in the black start process, and is matched with the simulation demonstration analysis of corresponding links.
However, the target area power grid system is small in scale and weak in disturbance rejection capability, problems possibly occur in each subdivision step of black start, and full-link simulation should be performed for safety, so that each step can meet the stability requirement. The engineering test of the target regional power grid is modified based on a set scheme of a large-scale interconnected power grid, and uncertainty factors are more and cannot be sufficiently verified.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a modeling and simulation method for black start of a hydropower station regional power grid, which can be used for solving the problems that in the prior art, problems possibly occur in each subdivision step of black start, uncertainty factors are more, and sufficient verification cannot be obtained.
The application provides a hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
Step one, selecting an electric power system element from a Simulink module library according to elements in a target regional power grid system;
step two, placing the selected power system element at a corresponding position of the Simulink and connecting the selected power system element according to the element in the target area power grid system;
step three, parameter setting is carried out on the power system elements selected from the Simulink module library according to the elements in the target regional power grid system;
Step four, determining a simulation step length, a simulation type and a simulation solver in the Powergui module;
Step five, starting simulation, namely starting the simulation until the simulation curve meets the preset curve.
Optionally, the selecting an element of the power system in the Simulink module library according to an element in the target regional power grid system includes:
Selecting standard synchronous motor modules manufactured per unit from SimPowerSystem libraries;
Selecting a three-phase double-winding transformer module or a three-phase three-winding transformer module in a SimPowerSystem library;
selecting pi-shaped equivalent modules or distribution parameter equivalent modules from SimPowerSystem libraries;
A single-phase RLC parallel load module is selected in the SimPowerSystem pool.
Optionally, the parameter setting for the power system element selected from the Simulink module library according to the element in the target regional power grid system includes:
The parameter setting of the standard synchronous motor module comprises the following steps: setting a model, a rotor type, rated power, voltage, frequency and exciting current, inertia, damping coefficient and pole pair number, and time constants of reactance, d axis and q axis;
The parameter settings of the three-phase double-winding transformer module or the three-phase three-winding transformer module comprise: the primary winding is connected in a mode of effective line voltage, resistance and leakage reactance of the primary winding, and the secondary winding is connected in a mode of effective line voltage, resistance and leakage reactance of the secondary winding;
The parameter setting of the pi-shaped equivalent module or the distributed parameter equivalent module comprises the following steps: the frequency of the line, the resistance of the unit length of the power transmission line, the inductance of the unit length of the power transmission line, the capacitance of the unit length of the power transmission line and the length of the power transmission line;
The parameter setting of the single-phase RLC parallel load module comprises the following steps: the three-phase load is connected in a mode of rated line voltage, rated frequency, active power, inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power.
Optionally, the parameter setting of the parameter setting standard synchronous motor module, the three-phase double-winding transformer module or the three-phase three-winding transformer module, the pi-shaped equivalent module or the distributed parameter equivalent module and the single-phase RLC parallel load module can be selected according to a nameplate, a factory specification and parameter identification of the equipment.
Optionally, the starting the simulation, checking whether the simulation curve meets the preset curve includes:
before the simulation starts, a Discrete algorithm is selected, the end time of the simulation is 0.2s, the sampling time is set to be s by using Powergui modules, the simulation is started, an oscilloscope is opened, a system voltage current wave and frequency change curve is obtained, and whether the obtained system voltage current wave and frequency change curve meets a preset curve is checked.
The application provides a hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method, which comprises the steps of selecting power system elements from a Simulink module library according to elements in a target regional power grid system; placing the selected power system components at the corresponding positions of the Simulink and connecting the power system components according to the components in the target regional power grid system; parameter setting is carried out on the power system elements selected from the Simulink module library according to the elements in the target regional power grid system; determining a simulation step length, a simulation type and a simulation solver in the Powergui module; and starting simulation until the simulation curve meets the preset curve. By adopting the method, the problems that problems possibly occur in each subdivision step of black start and the uncertainty factors are more and sufficient verification cannot be obtained in the prior art are solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic workflow diagram of a modeling and simulation method for black start of a hydropower station regional power grid provided in part by an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a partial grid system diagram of a target area provided in part by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a partial power system element connection diagram according to the grid system diagram connection of the target area provided in the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
As shown in FIG. 1, the application provides a hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method, which comprises the following steps:
and step S101, selecting the electric power system elements from the Simulink module library according to the elements in the target regional power grid system.
In this step, a standard synchronous motor module per unit is selected from a SimPowerSystem library.
A three-phase double-winding transformer module or a three-phase three-winding transformer module is selected in the SimPowerSystem library.
And selecting pi-shaped equivalent modules or distribution parameter equivalent modules from SimPowerSystem libraries.
A single-phase RLC parallel load module is selected in the SimPowerSystem pool.
And step S102, placing the selected power system components at the corresponding positions of the Simulink and connecting the power system components according to the components in the target regional power grid system.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in this step, the respective power system elements are connected in accordance with the connection of the grid system diagram of the target area.
And step S103, parameter setting is carried out on the power system elements selected from the Simulink module library according to the elements in the target regional power grid system.
In this step, the parameter setting of the standard synchronous motor module includes: setting a model, a rotor type, rated power, voltage, frequency and exciting current, inertia, damping coefficient and pole pair number, and time constants of reactance, d axis and q axis;
The parameter settings of the three-phase double-winding transformer module or the three-phase three-winding transformer module comprise: the primary winding is connected in a mode of effective line voltage, resistance and leakage reactance of the primary winding, and the secondary winding is connected in a mode of effective line voltage, resistance and leakage reactance of the secondary winding;
The parameter setting of the pi-shaped equivalent module or the distributed parameter equivalent module comprises the following steps: the frequency of the line, the resistance of the unit length of the power transmission line, the inductance of the unit length of the power transmission line, the capacitance of the unit length of the power transmission line and the length of the power transmission line;
The parameter setting of the single-phase RLC parallel load module comprises the following steps: the three-phase load is connected in a mode of rated line voltage, rated frequency, active power, inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power.
Parameter setting of the parameter setting standard synchronous motor module, the three-phase double-winding transformer module or the three-phase three-winding transformer module, the pi-shaped equivalent module or the distributed parameter equivalent module and the single-phase RLC parallel load module can be selected according to nameplates, factory specifications and parameter identification of the equipment.
Step S104, determining Powergui simulation step sizes, simulation types and simulation solvers in the modules.
Step S105, starting simulation until the simulation curve meets the preset curve.
In this step, before the simulation starts, a Discrete algorithm is selected, the end time of the simulation takes 0.2s, and the sampling time is set to s by using Powergui module. And starting simulation, opening an oscilloscope to obtain a system voltage current wave and frequency change curve, and checking whether the obtained system voltage current wave and frequency change curve meets a preset curve.
When the power system components are selected, the synchronous motor module simulates a dynamic model of the non-salient pole or salient pole synchronous motor in SimPowerSystems libraries. The synchronous motor can realize the generator running state or the motor running state of the synchronous motor through the setting of the mechanical power (the mechanical power is positive value in the generator running mode and the mechanical power is negative value in the motor running mode).
The SimPowerSystems library provides 3 synchronous motor modules for dynamically modeling the three-phase salient pole synchronous motor, which comprises a basic model of the synchronous motor under per unit (p.u. basic synchronous motor module), a basic model under international unit (S.I. basic synchronous motor module) and a standard model under per unit (p.u. standard synchronous motor module). In the black start modeling, a standard model under per unit system is selected.
In the SimPowerSystems library, three-phase double-winding and three-phase three-winding transformer modules are provided. Since the parameter settings of the three-phase three-winding transformer are similar to those of the three-phase double-winding transformer. And selecting according to specific requirements.
In SimPowerSystems libraries, a model of the transmission line is provided with a pi-shaped equivalence module and a distribution parameter equivalence module.
The SimPowerSystems library provides 4 static load model modules, namely a single-phase RLC parallel load module, a single-phase RLC series load module, a three-phase RLC parallel load module, and a three-phase RLC series load module, using a series or parallel combination of R, L, C. And selecting a single-phase RLC parallel load module in the black start modeling.
According to the actual corresponding element, the following parameter selection is completed in the generator model:
preset model (set model);
show DETAILED PARAMETERS (showing detailed parameters);
Rotor type;
Power, volt and freq (rated power, voltage, frequency and exciting current);
Coeff of inertia friction factor and pole pairs (inertia, damping coefficient and pole pair number);
Init cond (initial conditions): here the parameters are done by Powergui module;
REACTANCES (reactance): d-axis synchronous reactance X, transient reactance X and sub-transient reactance X ", q-axis synchronous reactance Xq, transient reactance X and sub-transient reactance X", leakage reactance X, all parameters being per unit value;
daxis time constants, qaxis time constants (d-axis and q-axis time constants): the types of d-axis and q-axis time constants are divided into an open circuit and a short circuit;
Time constants): the time constants(s) of the d axis and the q axis comprise a d axis open circuit transient time constant, a short circuit transient time constant, a d axis open circuit sub-transient time constant, a short circuit transient time constant, a q axis open circuit sub-transient time constant and a short circuit transient time constant, and the time constants are consistent with the definitions in a time constant list.
According to the actual corresponding element, the parameters of the transformer are selected as follows:
Units (Units): the units of the transformer parameters may be selected from a named value (SI) or a per unit value (pu). The parameters required to be set in the black start modeling mainly include: rated power and rated frequency (Hz) of a rated power and rated frequency transformer;
Winding 1 (ABC) connection (primary winding connection): selecting a connection mode of the primary winding;
WINDING PARAMETERS (parameters of primary winding): a line voltage effective value (V), a resistance (pu) and a leakage reactance (pu) of the primary winding;
winding 2 (abc) connection (connection of secondary windings): selecting a connection mode of the secondary winding;
WINDING PARAMETERS (parameters of the secondary winding): a line voltage effective value (V), a resistance (pu) and a leakage reactance (pu) of the secondary winding;
According to the actual corresponding element, parameters required to be selected by the model of the power transmission line are as follows:
Frequency used for RLC specifications (frequency of line parameters): typically set to 50, in Hz;
RESISTANCE PER unit length (resistance per unit length of transmission line): the unit length of the positive sequence and zero sequence resistance of the line is 0/km;
Inductance per unit length (inductance per unit length of transmission line): the unit length of the line is the positive sequence and zero sequence inductance, and the unit is H/km;
CAPACITANCE PER unit length (capacitance per unit length of transmission line): the unit length of the line is the positive sequence and zero sequence capacitance, and the unit is F/km.
Length (Length of transmission line): the length of the transmission line is given in km.
According to the actual corresponding element, the following parameters are set in the load model:
Configuration (three-phase load connection): the three-phase load connection mode comprises Y-shaped connection with a grounded neutral point, Y-shaped connection with an ungrounded neutral point, connection of other equipment and triangle connection of the neutral point;
nominal phase-to-phase voltage Vn (nominal line voltage): rated line voltage of the load;
nominal frequency fn (nominal frequency): rated frequency of load;
active power P: active power of the load;
inductive reactive power QL (inductive reactive power): inductive reactive power of the three-phase load;
CAPACITIVE REACTIVE power Qc (capacitive reactive power): capacitive reactive power of a three-phase load.
The diversion of the hydropower station, the water turbine system, the speed regulating system and the excitation system are required to be obtained by a field test and parameter identification method.
The required parameters of the diversion water turbine and the speed regulating system thereof are selected as follows:
Servo-monitor (servomotor): the servomotor is a first-order system, and comprises parameters including gain Ka and time constant Ta, and is obtained through a factory specification of the speed regulator in units of seconds(s).
Gate opening limits (vane opening limit): including lower and upper limits gmin and gmax (pu) of the vane opening, and vgmin and vgmax (pu/s) of the lower and upper limits of the vane opening speed, obtained by the governor factory specifications.
PERMANENT DROOP AND REGULATOR (sag factor and regulator): the static gain of the governor is equal to the inverse of the droop Rp, i.e., droop factor, in the feedback loop. The PID regulator has a proportional gain Kp, an integral gain Ki and a differential gain Kd. The high frequency gain of the PID is limited by a first order low pass filter with a time constant Td(s). These parameters are all obtained by a parameter identification method.
Hydraulic turbine (hydroturbine): a speed deviation damping coefficient D and a diversion system time Tw(s). The deviation damping coefficient defaults to 0, and the water diversion system time is calculated by the pipeline length.
Droop reference (Droop reference): input specifying feedback loop: deviation of the opening position of the guide vane (set to 1) or deviation of the output power of the water turbine (set to 0), default to 0
INITIAL MECHANICAL power (initial mechanical power): the turbine outputs an initial mechanical power Pm0 (pu). This value is automatically updated by the power flow utility of Powergui module.
The parameters of the excitation system are also selected by actual measurement, and the specific parameters are
Low-PASS FILTER TIME constant (Low-pass filter time constant): the time constant Tr of the first order system representing the stator terminal voltage sensor is in seconds(s) Default is 20e-3.
Regulator GAIN AND TIME constant (Regulator gain and time constant): the gain Ka and time constant Ta of the first order system representing the main regulator are in seconds(s). The selection is made by actual testing.
Exact (Exciter): the gain Ke and time constant Te of the first order system representing the exciter are in seconds(s). Default to [1,0].
TRANSIENT GAIN reduction (transient gain reduction): time constants Tb (in seconds (s)) and Tc (in seconds (s)) representing the first order system of the lead-lag compensator. Default to 0.
DAMPING FILTER GAIN AND TIME constant (filter gain and time constant): the gain Kf and time constant Tf of the first order system representing differential feedback are expressed in seconds (s.) defaults [0.001,0.1].
Regulator output LIMITS AND GAIN (excitation regulating output limit and gain): the output of the voltage regulator limits upper and lower limits Efmin and Efmax. The upper limit is constant and equal to Efmax, or variable and equal to the rectified stator terminal voltage Vtf times the proportional gain Kp. The former applies if Kp is set to 0. The latter applies if Kp is set to a positive value.
Initial values of terminal voltage and field voltage (terminal voltage and excitation voltage initial value): automatically updated by the power utility of Powergui modules. Default value is [1.01.28].
After the previous steps are completed, the Powergui module in the SimPowerSystems library is added to the system. The selection of the simulation type and analysis tool is accomplished in Powergui modules. In this step, the initial state and the settings of the power flow calculation and the motor initialization are repeatedly checked.
The motor initialization settings include motor flow profile (Machine load flow): and displaying the tide distribution of the selected motor in the motor list.
Motor (machinery): names of the simplified synchronous motor, asynchronous motor and three-phase dynamic load module are displayed. After the motors or loads in the list are selected, parameter setting can be performed.
Node type (Bus type): the node type is selected. The port voltage and active power of the motor can be set for the "PV node"; the active power and reactive power of the node can be set for the "PQ node"; the effective value and phase angle of the terminal voltage can be set for the "balancing node" while the active power value needs to be estimated. If the asynchronous motor module is selected, only the mechanical power of the motor needs to be input; if a three-phase dynamic load module is selected, the active and reactive power of the load needs to be set.
Terminal voltage UAB (Terminal voltage UAB): and setting the voltage of an output line of the selected motor. Active power: setting the active power of the selected motor or load.
Active power (Active power guess) is estimated: this term is displayed if the node type of the motor is a balancing node, which is used to set the active power of the motor at the beginning of the iteration.
Reactive power: setting reactive power of the selected motor or load.
Phase angle of voltage UAN (Phase of UAN voltage): when the node type of the motor is set to the balance node, the text box is activated, designating the phase angle of the a-phase voltage of the selected motor.
Load flow initial state (Load flow initial condition): often a default setting "Auto" is chosen so that the system automatically adjusts the load flow initial state before iteration. If "start from previous result (Start fromprevious solution)", the initial value of the load flow is the last simulation result. This option may be selected if the circuit parameters, the power distribution of the motor and the load flow after the voltage are changed do not converge.
The application has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present application and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A hydropower station regional power grid black start modeling and simulation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one, selecting an electric power system element from a Simulink module library according to elements in a target regional power grid system;
step two, placing the selected power system element at a corresponding position of the Simulink and connecting the selected power system element according to the element in the target area power grid system;
step three, parameter setting is carried out on the power system elements selected from the Simulink module library according to the elements in the target regional power grid system;
Step four, determining a simulation step length, a simulation type and a simulation solver in the Powergui module;
step five, starting simulation until the simulation curve meets a preset curve;
selecting the power system element from the Simulink module library according to the element in the target regional power grid system, including:
Selecting standard synchronous motor modules manufactured per unit from SimPowerSystem libraries;
Selecting a three-phase double-winding transformer module or a three-phase three-winding transformer module in a SimPowerSystem library;
selecting pi-shaped equivalent modules or distribution parameter equivalent modules from SimPowerSystem libraries;
Selecting a single-phase RLC parallel load module in a SimPowerSystem library;
the parameter setting of the power system element selected from the Simulink module library according to the element in the target regional power grid system includes:
The parameter setting of the standard synchronous motor module comprises the following steps: setting a model, a rotor type, rated power, voltage, frequency and exciting current, inertia, damping coefficient and pole pair number, and time constants of reactance, d axis and q axis;
The parameter settings of the three-phase double-winding transformer module or the three-phase three-winding transformer module comprise: the primary winding is connected in a mode of effective line voltage, resistance and leakage reactance of the primary winding, and the secondary winding is connected in a mode of effective line voltage, resistance and leakage reactance of the secondary winding;
The parameter setting of the pi-shaped equivalent module or the distributed parameter equivalent module comprises the following steps: the frequency of the line, the resistance of the unit length of the power transmission line, the inductance of the unit length of the power transmission line, the capacitance of the unit length of the power transmission line and the length of the power transmission line;
The parameter setting of the single-phase RLC parallel load module comprises the following steps: the three-phase load is connected in a mode of rated line voltage, rated frequency, active power, inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power;
the step of starting simulation, which includes the steps of checking whether the simulation curve meets a preset curve:
before the simulation starts, a Discrete algorithm is selected, the end time of the simulation is 0.2s, the sampling time is set to be s by using Powergui modules, the simulation is started, an oscilloscope is opened, a system voltage current wave and frequency change curve is obtained, and whether the obtained system voltage current wave and frequency change curve meets a preset curve is checked.
2. The method for modeling and simulating black start of a regional power grid of a hydropower station according to claim 1, wherein the parameter setting of the parameter setting standard synchronous motor module, the three-phase double-winding transformer module or the three-phase three-winding transformer module, the pi-shaped equivalent module or the distributed parameter equivalent module and the single-phase RLC parallel load module is selected according to a nameplate, a factory specification and parameter identification of the equipment.
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