CN113605925A - Coal mine large-section open-off-cut one-time roadway forming method - Google Patents
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a construction method for one-time roadway formation by large-section open-off cut in coal mine underground engineering, which mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of large-section open-off cut surrounding rock quality evaluation, primary roadway construction analogy, a surrounding rock stability mechanism analysis method, a supporting structure, construction technology and equipment, reinforcement supporting and field monitoring. The invention is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of designing a supporting structure of a large-section cutting hole and related parameters on the basis of early engineering environment study and judgment such as surrounding rock quality evaluation, engineering analogy and surrounding rock mechanism analysis, constructing the large-section cutting hole, monitoring surrounding rock deformation of the large-section cutting hole and the stress site of the supporting structure during construction, and monitoring data to adjust a construction scheme. The invention can change the defects of the prior large-section open-off cut construction from working hours, materials and safety, so as to improve the large-section open-off cut construction efficiency and reduce the engineering cost, thereby ensuring the safe and efficient construction of the open-off cut engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underground engineering construction, and aims to solve the problems of improving the construction efficiency of large-section open-off cut and reducing the engineering cost by optimizing a construction process so as to ensure safe and efficient construction of the open-off cut engineering.
Background
The cutting hole of the fully mechanized coal mining face of the coal mine has short service time and large width, and is used for installing fully mechanized coal mining equipment. The construction of open cut usually adopts the secondary tunnel expansion after the tunnel formation by the sectional tunneling, namely the primary tunnel formation and the secondary tunnel expansion, for example, patent (201510318210.X) discloses a construction of open cut large section of three soft rock stratum and a supporting method thereof, and the method adopts the construction of the open cut large section by the secondary expansion and brushing; the patent (201711174321.3) discloses a large-section hole-cutting construction and a supporting method thereof, the method adopts the steps of primary small-section construction, bottom drawing, weak supporting, secondary side expanding, bottom drawing, auxiliary supporting and the like, and provides a supporting method and parameters; the patent (201110355928.8) discloses a safe and rapid tunneling method for large-section open-off cut and multiple lane formation, which adopts large-section open-off cut and multiple brush expansion construction; the process has the following defects: 1) the secondary expanded roadway side needs to be supported in the sectional roadway forming process, so that the working procedures are increased, and the construction period is prolonged; 2) the formed stress distribution around the roadway is disturbed when the roadway roof is expanded secondarily, so that the open-off cut roof is subjected to redistribution of secondary stress, and the roof sinks and has large delamination amount; 3) the secondary lane expanding construction process is complex, the construction period is long, and the efficiency is low.
The large-section open-off cut hole primary roadway excavation space is larger, but the surrounding rock can be prevented from being damaged by secondary excavation disturbance through timely supporting, and the large-section open-off cut hole stability is facilitated. The one-step roadway construction process is simple, the production is easy to organize and coordinate, the labor efficiency can be well exerted, the labor procedures are reduced, and the labor intensity of workers is greatly reduced; the method has the disadvantages that the tunnel is constructed once to form a large-span section, and how to keep the stability of surrounding rocks of the tunnel becomes a difficult point, and a reasonable and effective implementation scheme is required to reduce potential safety hazards.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the engineering problems existing in the primary roadway forming of the large-section open-off cut hole and the defects existing in the prior art measures and methods, the invention provides a primary roadway forming method of the large-section open-off cut hole of the coal mine. The safe and efficient construction of the large-section open-off cut engineering is realized by the early analysis of the conditions of the large-section open-off cut engineering, the optimization of the construction process and the field observation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a coal mine large section open-off cut primary roadway forming method comprises large section open-off cut surrounding rock quality evaluation, primary roadway forming engineering analogy, a surrounding rock stability mechanism analysis method, a supporting structure, construction technology and equipment, reinforcement supporting and field monitoring;
the quality evaluation of the large-section open-off-hole surrounding rock comprises two aspects: (1) a mechanical assay for a rock sample comprising: uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength; (2) the geological mechanical parameter evaluation of the cut-hole surrounding rock coal rock comprises the following steps: and evaluating the quality of the BQ rock mass and the quality of the RQD rock mass.
The similarity of engineering analogy of large-section hole-cutting once-tunneling comprises: (1) similarity of geological conditions; (2) the strength conditions of the engineering surrounding rocks are similar; (3) similarity of engineering conditions; (4) the construction process is similar.
The analysis of the large-section open-off hole surrounding rock stability mechanism comprises the following steps: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of researching the influence of a large-section open-off cut one-step roadway forming operation mode on surrounding rock control, analyzing a surrounding rock control effect according to a surrounding rock deformation rule, a stress spatial-temporal evolution rule and a roadway surrounding rock damage failure mechanism in the large-section open-off cut alternate tunneling mode.
The large-section open-cut hole one-time roadway construction process and equipment comprise: (1) the construction process comprises the following steps: alternately tunneling twice, forming a tunnel once, joining the shifts → safety quality inspection, equipment inspection → start cutting (first tunneling section surface) → top of asking for help → temporary support, installing the anti-spalling net → top permanent support → start cutting (second tunneling section surface) → top of asking for help → temporary support, installing the anti-spalling net → top permanent support → upper permanent support; (2) a rock loading mode: during the tunneling construction, a fully-mechanized excavating machine is adopted for loading and a belt conveyor is adopted for discharging coal (waste rock); (3) drilling machine: using a Z7665 air-leg rock drill to match a six-edge drill rod with the diameter of 22 multiplied by 2000mm and a straight drill bit with the diameter of 43 mm; an MQS-50/1.6 type pneumatic hand-held drilling machine is used for the coal roadway, and the drilling machine is matched with a twist drill rod and a herringbone phi 43mm pneumatic coal drill bit to drill holes; the top anchor rod adopts an MQT-130/3.2 type anchor rod drilling machine to match with a phi 19 multiplied by 1.2m hexagonal extension rod drill rod and a phi 32mm double-wing composite sheet anchor rod drill bit; when constructing anchor cable, using phi 32mm two wing composite sheet anchor rod drill bit. The rear upper part anchor rod adopts an ZQS-65/2.5 type pneumatic hand-held drilling machine, a wet twist drill rod with the diameter of 26 multiplied by 1.2/2.5m and a wet twist drill bit with the diameter of 28 mm; (4) the transportation mode is as follows: fully-mechanized excavating machine → cutting hole (chain plate machine) → wind tunnel (belt machine) → yard centralized tunnel (belt machine) → yard bunker → auxiliary transportation going up hill (belt machine) → transportation main tunnel (belt machine) → main stone door (belt machine) → main shaft bunker → ground.
Big section open-off cut hole becomes lane supporting construction once includes: (1) the temporary support is an onboard temporary support; (2) the supporting mode adopts an anchor belt, a net and a cable combined supporting mode, wherein a top plate and a side part (the old pond side) adopt a left-handed non-longitudinal rib equal-strength screw steel anchor rod, the side part (the mining side) adopts a glass steel anchor rod, and both a steel belt and a metal woven net are adopted to protect the surface; (3) the anchor cables are steel stranded wires, the center of the anchor cables is rectangular, the distance between the 3 anchor cables in the lane is 800mm, the length of the top plate anchor cable is not less than 7m, and the effective anchoring length is not less than 1.5 m.
The reinforcing support of the large-section open-off cut hole adopts a row of unit type supports arranged in a lagging head-on 30m roadway, the distance is 5m, and the initial support force is not lower than 24 MPa.
The on-site monitoring of the construction effect of the primary roadway formation of the large-section open-off cut hole comprises the following steps: (1) the surface convergence observation adopts a trigonometry method, 6 measuring lines are counted in total, and the measuring lines are used for analyzing the accumulated displacement of the top plate, the left upper, the right upper and the bottom plate; (2) the deep multi-point displacement monitoring adopts 4 base points to monitor the relative displacement among an anchor cable anchoring area, an anchor rod anchoring area and a construction affected area respectively; (3) monitoring the stress of the supporting structure by adopting an anchor rod (cable) dynamometer and monitoring the change of the axial force of the anchor rod (cable); (4) observing the development condition of the secondary excavated disturbed fractures in the control range of the surrounding rock by drilling peeking; (5) and monitoring and verifying the surrounding rock control effect by the unit support stress.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: firstly, from the aspect of working hour utilization, the time is saved by adopting the scheme of alternately tunneling twice and tunneling once compared with tunneling twice; compared with twice lane formation, the material use saves 1 side of supporting material; and thirdly, from the safety perspective, compared with twice lane forming, the method not only avoids the influence of secondary tunneling on the top plate of the hole cutting, but also reduces the empty roof time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the pilot cave expanding and the alternative operation cycle (plan-support design)
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the alternate operation cycle of the shallow pilot tunnel expanding (scheme two support design)
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of cross-work of pilot tunnel and expanding wall (plan three support design)
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the support (cross-sectional view of the support)
Detailed Description
1. Physical and mechanical measurement of rock sample and rock stratum quality evaluation
Coring the engineering roof according to general sampling regulations for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock, processing a rock sample test piece according to a method for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock, and measuring the uniaxial compression strength, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 uniaxial compression and deformation test results for rock
(1) Evaluation of BQ rock mass
According to the classification standard of engineering rock mass (GB50218-94) in China, see table 2, the formula is shown in 1 in combination with the coal rock mechanical parameters tested in a laboratory.
BQ＝90+3RC+250Kv (1)
In the formula: BQ-rock mass quality index; RC is the MPa value of uniaxial saturated compressive strength of rock mass; kv, an index of rock integrity, the magnitude of which can be calculated from Table 3.
TABLE 2 basic mass grading of rock masses
TABLE 3 rock integrity index
The mass of the roof rock mass is classified according to the physical and mechanical property test results of the collected rock sample laboratory, and the quality is shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4 basic quality grading of roof-floor rock masses
(2) RQD rock mass quality evaluation
The RQD is determined at a modified core extraction rate, which is the ratio of the total core length to the length of the borehole, i.e., the RQD, and the modified core extraction rate is selected to be substantially intact, having a length equal to or greater than the ratio of the total core length to the borehole length of 10cm, expressed as a percentage.
In the formula: l is the length of a single section of the core, and is more than or equal to 10 cm; l-length of borehole in the same formation.
Engineering practice shows that the RQD is a better index than the core sampling rate, and the quality of the rock can be described according to the RQD value according to the relation between the RQD and the quality of the rock, as shown in the table 6.
TABLE 5 rock engineering grading Standard according to RQD size
TABLE 6 results of rock engineering grading in RQD size
2. Engineering analogy selection
The principle of engineering method selection has the following aspects:
1) the strength conditions of the engineering surrounding rock are similar. The different surrounding rock strengths have great influence on the rock breaking efficiency and the surrounding rock control, if the surrounding rock strength is low, the supporting strength needs to be improved, the mechanical rock breaking difficulty is low, and the surrounding rock control difficulty is high; or the deformation of the surrounding rock is controlled by improving the strength of the surrounding rock.
2) Similarity of geological conditions. The geological structure can also have great influence on engineering construction, such as faults, the properties of surrounding rocks of a top plate and a bottom plate, underground water and the like. When the geological conditions change, the construction mode or support of the roadway should be correspondingly adjusted to adapt to the change of the geological conditions.
3) The construction process is similar. The coal seam roadway construction mainly takes fully mechanized excavation at present and adopts mechanical rock breaking; the support adopts the combined support of anchor nets and cables.
4) Similarity of engineering conditions. Such as the section size of the roadway, the supporting structure and the supporting form, the construction method and the like.
Literature search and on-site investigation of engineering examples, and gathering data.
3. Analysis of large-section open-off-hole surrounding rock stability mechanism
(1) On the basis of the condition of the large-section open-off hole surrounding rock, a large-section open-off hole tunneling overlying strata migration plane model is established, and the moving deformation rule of an overlying strata structure, the overlying strata stress spatial-temporal evolution rule and the damage failure mechanism of the roadway surrounding rock in the large-section open-off hole tunneling process are researched through simulation tests.
(2) Aiming at the geological conditions and the supporting characteristics of the large-section open-off cut engineering, the migration and stress distribution rule of the large-section open-off cut overlying rock, the damage mechanism and control research of the surrounding rock of the roadway are developed, and a reasonable stable control scheme of the large-section open-off cut surrounding rock is provided, so that the requirements of safe and efficient open-off cut construction are met, and the safety and efficiency during open-off cut tunneling and working face extraction are ensured.
4. Supporting structure
And designing support parameters of the large-section cut hole according to the technical Specification for bolting and supporting coal mine roadway bolts (GB/T35056 and 2018).
5. Embodiments, Processes and apparatus
(1) The implementation scheme is as follows: twiceAlternately tunneling and one-time tunneling construction process, namely, tunneling side section: b is1Xh, brush large side section: b is2XH. Firstly, constructing a lateral section of the pilot tunnel: b is1And multiplying by H, advancing to a footage, erecting an onboard temporary support, and installing an anchor net cable beam support. Secondly, constructing a large side section of the brush after delay: b is2And multiplying by H, advancing to reach a footage, supporting, and completing one-cycle large-section hole cutting and one-time lane forming.
(2) The process comprises the following steps: and alternately tunneling twice and forming a tunnel once. The method comprises the steps of shift switching → safety quality inspection, equipment inspection → start cutting (first tunneling section surface) → top of asking for help → temporary support, installing the anti-ledge net → top permanent support → start cutting (second tunneling section surface) → top of asking for help → temporary support, installing the anti-ledge net → top permanent support → upper permanent support.
(3) The working system is as follows: four shifts of circulation operation are adopted, and each shift lasts for 6 hours.
(4) The operation mode is as follows: one method is to dig a temporary support and a permanent support for multiple shifts.
(5) Tunneling method and equipment: the construction is preferably cut by a roadheader, and the equipment and tools are equipped as shown in the table 7.
TABLE 7 Equipment and tools outfitting table
6. Reinforced support
ZQ4000-20.6-45 stack type support rear lane reinforcement support lags behind 30m, and reinforcement support supports are paved in lanes with the center distance of 5 m.
7. On-site monitoring
The on-site monitoring of the construction effect of the primary roadway formation of the large-section open-off cut hole comprises the following steps: (1) the surface convergence observation adopts a trigonometry method, 6 measuring lines are counted in total, and the measuring lines are used for analyzing the accumulated displacement of the top plate, the left upper, the right upper and the bottom plate; (2) the deep multi-point displacement monitoring adopts 4 base points to monitor the relative displacement among an anchor cable anchoring area, an anchor rod anchoring area and a construction affected area respectively; (3) monitoring the stress of the supporting structure by adopting an anchor rod (cable) dynamometer and monitoring the change of the axial force of the anchor rod (cable); (4) observing the development condition of the secondary excavated disturbed fractures in the control range of the surrounding rock by drilling peeking; (5) and monitoring and verifying the surrounding rock control effect by the unit support stress.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any engineer skilled in the art can make some changes within the technical scope of the present invention, such as a surrounding rock deformation mechanism analysis method, a supporting structure form, a monitoring means, etc., which should be regarded as violating the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A coal mine large section open-off cut hole one-time roadway forming method is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of large-section open-off cut surrounding rock quality evaluation, one-step roadway construction analogy, a surrounding rock stability mechanism analysis method, a supporting structure, construction technology and equipment, reinforcement supporting and field monitoring.
2. The quality evaluation of the large-section open-off hole surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: (1) a mechanical assay for a rock sample comprising: uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength; (2) the geological mechanical parameter evaluation of the cut-hole surrounding rock coal rock comprises the following steps: and evaluating the quality of the BQ rock mass and the quality of the RQD rock mass.
3. The large-profile open-off-cut one-pass roadway engineering analogy of claim 1, wherein: (1) similarity of geological conditions; (2) the strength conditions of the engineering surrounding rocks are similar; (3) similarity of engineering conditions; (4) the construction process is similar.
4. The method for analyzing the mechanism of stabilization of large-section open-off hole surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of researching the influence of a large-section open-off cut one-step roadway forming operation mode on surrounding rock control, analyzing a surrounding rock control effect according to a surrounding rock deformation rule, a stress spatial-temporal evolution rule and a roadway surrounding rock damage failure mechanism in the large-section open-off cut alternate tunneling mode.
5. The large-section open-off-cut primary roadway construction process and equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: (1) the construction process comprises the following steps: alternately tunneling twice, forming a tunnel once, joining the shifts → safety quality inspection, equipment inspection → start cutting (first tunneling section surface) → top of asking for help → temporary support, installing the anti-spalling net → top permanent support → start cutting (second tunneling section surface) → top of asking for help → temporary support, installing the anti-spalling net → top permanent support → upper permanent support; (2) a rock loading mode: during the tunneling construction, a fully-mechanized excavating machine is adopted for loading and a belt conveyor is adopted for discharging coal (waste rock); (3) drilling machine: using a Z7665 air-leg rock drill to match a six-edge drill rod with the diameter of 22 multiplied by 2000mm and a straight drill bit with the diameter of 43 mm; an MQS-50/1.6 type pneumatic hand-held drilling machine is used for the coal roadway, and the drilling machine is matched with a twist drill rod and a herringbone phi 43mm pneumatic coal drill bit to drill holes; the top anchor rod adopts an MQT-130/3.2 type anchor rod drilling machine to match with a phi 19 multiplied by 1.2m hexagonal extension rod drill rod and a phi 32mm double-wing composite sheet anchor rod drill bit; when constructing anchor cable, using phi 32mm two wing composite sheet anchor rod drill bit. The rear upper part anchor rod adopts an ZQS-65/2.5 type pneumatic hand-held drilling machine, a wet twist drill rod with the diameter of 26 multiplied by 1.2/2.5m and a wet twist drill bit with the diameter of 28 mm; (4) the transportation mode is as follows: fully-mechanized excavating machine → cutting hole (chain plate machine) → wind tunnel (belt machine) → yard centralized tunnel (belt machine) → yard bunker → auxiliary transportation going up hill (belt machine) → transportation main tunnel (belt machine) → main stone door (belt machine) → main shaft bunker → ground.
6. The large-section open-off-cut primary entry support structure of claim 1, wherein: (1) temporary support: selecting an onboard temporary support; (2) a supporting mode: adopting an anchor belt and a net cable for combined supporting, and adopting a left-handed non-longitudinal rib equal-strength deformed steel anchor rod on a top plate and an upper part (the side of an old pond); the upper part (mining side) adopts a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor rod; steel strips and metal woven nets are adopted to protect the meter; the anchor cables are steel stranded wires, the center of the anchor cables is rectangular, the distance between the 3 anchor cables in the lane is 800mm, the length of the top plate anchor cable is not less than 7m, and the effective anchoring length is not less than 1.5 m.
7. The reinforcing support of claim 1, wherein: and a row of unit type supports are arranged in the lagging head-on roadway at a distance of 5m, and the initial supporting force is not lower than 24 MPa.
8. The large-section open-cut primary entry site monitoring of claim 1, wherein: (1) the surface convergence observation adopts a trigonometry method, 6 measuring lines are counted in total, and the measuring lines are used for analyzing the accumulated displacement of the top plate, the left upper, the right upper and the bottom plate; (2) the deep multi-point displacement monitoring adopts 4 base points to monitor the relative displacement among an anchor cable anchoring area, an anchor rod anchoring area and a construction affected area respectively; (3) monitoring the stress of the supporting structure by adopting an anchor rod (cable) dynamometer and monitoring the change of the axial force of the anchor rod (cable); (4) observing the development condition of the secondary excavated disturbed fractures in the control range of the surrounding rock by drilling peeking; (5) and monitoring and verifying the surrounding rock control effect by the unit support stress.
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