CN113603279A - 一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及焦化废水处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法。具体包括如下步骤：1)焦化废水入隔油池去除浮油和污泥；2)出水入混凝沉淀池，调节废水pH，加缓蚀剂搅拌，静止；3)出水入气浮装置，加混凝剂和助凝剂，混合絮凝处理后澄清水流出；4)出水入中间池，加入H2O2溶液；5)出水流经管道式UV，进入臭氧接触塔反应，气液混合物流入脱气塔；6)分离，脱气塔底部收集即处理后出水。本发明能够有效去除高浓度焦化废水中的重金属，大大提高废水可生化性，为焦化废水的无害化处理奠定基础。采用聚环氧琥珀酸和六偏磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂，提高絮凝效果的同时具备阻垢、高效、廉价、安全环保的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及焦化废水处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法。
背景技术
焦化废水是有毒有害、难降解的高浓度有机废水，其中有机物以苯酚类化合物居多，约占总有机物的一半，有机物中还包括多环芳香族化合物和含氮、氧、碳的杂环化合物等，无机污染物主要以氨氮、氰化物、硫化物、硫氰化物为主。
目前，国内大多数焦化厂废水处理***采用一级处理和二级处理工艺，但近几年来也开始采用三级处理工艺。一级处理指高浓度废水中污染物的回收利用，包括氨水脱酚、氨水蒸馏、终冷水脱氰等；二级处理主要指酚氰废水无害化处理，以活性污泥法为主，还包括生物强化技术，如生物铁法、投加生长素法、强化曝气法等；三级深度处理是指在生化处理后的排水仍不能达到排放标准时所采用的再次深度净化，其主要工艺有活性炭吸附法、炭—生物膜法、混凝沉淀法和氧化塘法。本着少排或不排污水的原则，若预处理段采用适宜有效的多种处理方法，可大大降低进入生化***重金属含量，进而提高生化***去除效率。国外在二级生化处理之前采取了更为复杂的预处理和其他方法控制进入生化***的水质，防止有毒污染物浓度过高，并在生化处理流程之后采取三级净化***。
焦化废水的处理技术一般可分为物理化学法和生物化学法。物理化学法包括蒸氨法、焚烧法、混凝沉淀法、膜分离法、萃取法、吸附法等，这些方法对处理焦化废水有一定效果，但难以达标，特别是难以达到一级排放标准，而且这些方法仅仅针对焦化废水的某一污染物进行处理，未形成集成技术，而单一采用生化法处理焦化废水，也难以稳定达标排放。因此，采用多种技术相结合、分流分质处理的集成技术思路，最终实现焦化废水重金属的去除，进而实现无害化处理，可以为企业解决焦化废水长期以来处理与排放的大难题，适应节能减排与可持续发展的需求。
一般的焦化废水中重金属去除方法有内电解、芬顿氧化和混凝沉淀，这些方法存在一定的不足：(1)没有考虑以废治废，处理成本高，不利于工程化应用；(2)处理效果不明显，给后续生化***增加负担。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法。工艺操作简单，运行稳定，处理成本低，能够有效去除高浓度焦化废水中的重金属，大大提高废水可生化性，为焦化废水的无害化处理奠定基础。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案实现：
一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法，焦化废水经隔油池、混凝沉淀池、气浮池、中间水池、高级臭氧氧化进行处理，具体包括如下步骤：
1、调节池中的焦化废水首先通过泵进入隔油池，采用重力隔油池去除浮油和沉于池底的污泥，废水以0.1～0.15m/s的速度缓慢流动。
2、出水进入混凝沉淀池中，加入质量浓度为3％～5％的Ca(OH)2溶液调节废水pH为7～9。
边搅拌边加入浓度为80～100ppm的聚环氧琥珀酸和六偏磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂，该水处理药剂对重金属有很好的混凝效果，使用效高率，避免多余药剂对水***的二次污染且能起到阻垢的作用，反应10～15min后停止搅拌，静止沉淀20～30min。
3、出水经提升泵进入浅层离子气浮装置，去除废水中的S2-、悬浮物、油类及重金属等污染物，降低废水生化的毒性。
在气浮进口处投加50～70g的FeSO4作为混凝剂；20～30ppm的O2作为助凝剂，反应时间设置为15～20min，充分混合絮凝后，浮渣通过螺旋浮渣收集装置自流至浮渣池，处理后的澄清水重力流出。
4、出水重力流入中间水池，加入1200～1500ppm的H2O2溶液，搅拌反应20～30min。
5、反应后出水通过泵以1～2m/s的流速流经管道式UV，紫外线波长范围为255～275nm，之后通过射流泵增压进入臭氧接触塔反应15～20min，快速反应后的气液混合物从接触塔罐顶通过管道压力流入脱气塔。
6、在脱气塔中气液混合物进行分离，气体向上通过脱气塔顶部的管道收集正压排出，液体向下通过脱气塔底部的管道收集正压流出即为处理后出水。
与现有方法相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1)本发明提供了一种由隔油、混凝沉淀、气浮和高级O3氧化反应组合工艺预处理焦化废水的处理方法，高浓度的焦化废水经过本发明处理后，重金属镉、汞、铬和砷的去除率均在80％以上，大大降低了进入生化处理***的重金属含量，极大的提高了废水的可生化性，工艺运行稳定，为焦化废水的无害化处理奠定了基础。
2)本发明采用新型水处理药剂聚环氧琥珀酸/六偏磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂，该水处理药剂对重金属有很好的混凝效果，使用效高率，避免多余药剂对水***的二次污染且能起到阻垢的作用，提高了絮凝效果的同时具备了阻垢、高效、廉价、安全环保的优点。
3)本发明调节池中的焦化废水首先通过泵进入隔油池，采用重力隔油池能够有效去除浮油和沉于池底的污泥，且对原水含油量变化适应性强。
4)本发明混凝沉淀池加入Ca(OH)2溶液，可达到调节废水pH和废水除氟的双重效果。
5)本发明通过浅层离子气浮装置去除废水中的S2-、悬浮物、油类及重金属等污染物，有效降低废水生化的毒性。
6)本发明通过高级臭氧接触氧化反应O3/H2O2/UV，能够产生无选择性和快速的羟基自由基来氧化去除重金属污染物，提高废水的可生化降解性。
附图说明
图1是本发明工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述，相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现和应用本发明技术。
以下结合图1说明介绍本发明的最佳实施方式：
实施例1：
1)调节池中的焦化废水首先通过泵进入重力隔油池去除浮油和沉于池底的污泥，废水以0.1m/s的速度缓慢流动；
2)出水进入混凝沉淀池中，加入质量浓度为3％的Ca(OH)2溶液调节废水pH为7，边搅拌边加入80ppm的聚环氧琥珀酸/六偏磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂，反应10min后停止搅拌，静止沉淀20min；
3)出水经提升泵进入浅层离子气浮装置，在气浮进口处投加混凝剂50g的FeSO4，助凝剂20ppm的O2，反应时间设置为15min，充分混合絮凝后，浮渣通过螺旋浮渣收集装置自流至浮渣池，处理后的澄清水重力流入中间水池；
4)加入1200ppm的H2O2溶液，搅拌反应20min；
5)反应后出水通过泵以1m/s的流速流经管道式UV，紫外线波长范围为275nm，之后通过射流泵增压进入臭氧接触塔反应15min，快速反应后的气液混合物从接触塔罐顶通过管道压力流入脱气塔；
6)在脱气塔中气液混合物进行分离，气体向上通过脱气塔顶部的管道收集正压排出，液体向下通过脱气塔底部的管道收集正压流出即为处理后出水。
实施例2：
1)调节池中的焦化废水首先通过泵进入重力隔油池去除浮油和沉于池底的污泥，废水以0.12m/s的速度缓慢流动；
2)出水进入混凝沉淀池中，加入质量浓度为4％的Ca(OH)2溶液调节废水pH为8，边搅拌边加入90ppm的聚环氧琥珀酸/六偏磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂，反应13min后停止搅拌，静止沉淀25min；
3)出水经提升泵进入浅层离子气浮装置，在气浮进口处投加混凝剂60g的FeSO4，助凝剂25ppm的O2，反应时间设置为18min，充分混合絮凝后，浮渣通过螺旋浮渣收集装置自流至浮渣池，处理后的澄清水重力流入中间水池；
4)加入1400ppm的H2O2溶液，搅拌反应25min；
5)反应后出水通过泵以1.5m/s的流速流经管道式UV，紫外线波长范围为275nm；之后通过射流泵增压进入臭氧接触塔反应18min，快速反应后的气液混合物从接触塔罐顶通过管道压力流入脱气塔；
6)在脱气塔中气液混合物进行分离，气体向上通过脱气塔顶部的管道收集正压排出，液体向下通过脱气塔底部的管道收集正压流出即为处理后出水。
实施例3：
1)调节池中的焦化废水首先通过泵进入重力隔油池去除浮油和沉于池底的污泥，废水以0.1～0.15m/s的速度缓慢流动；
2)出水进入混凝沉淀池中，加入质量浓度为5％的Ca(OH)2溶液调节废水pH为9，边搅拌边加入100ppm的聚环氧琥珀酸/六偏磷酸钠复配缓蚀剂，反应15min后停止搅拌，静止沉淀30min；
3)出水经提升泵进入浅层离子气浮装置，在气浮进口处投加混凝剂70g的FeSO4，助凝剂30ppm的O2，反应时间设置为20min，充分混合絮凝后，浮渣通过螺旋浮渣收集装置自流至浮渣池，处理后的澄清水重力流入中间水池；
4)加入1500ppm的H2O2溶液，搅拌反应30min；
5)反应后出水通过泵以2m/s的流速流经管道式UV，紫外线波长范围为275nm，之后通过射流泵增压进入臭氧接触塔反应20min，快速反应后的气液混合物从接触塔罐顶通过管道压力流入脱气塔；
6)在脱气塔中气液混合物进行分离，气体向上通过脱气塔顶部的管道收集正压排出，液体向下通过脱气塔底部的管道收集正压流出即为处理后出水。
按照以上各实施例的技术要求，焦化废水经过上述工艺处理后对重金属的去除效果如表1所示。
表1各实施例重金属的去除效果
| 镉(Cd) | 汞(Hg) | 铬(Cr) | 砷(As) | |
| 实施例1 | 87.4％ | 89.3％ | 85.5％ | 83.6％ |
| 实施例2 | 98.1％ | 99.5％ | 98.2％ | 92.7％ |
| 实施例3 | 98.85 | 96.1％ | 99％ | 91.2％ |
由表1中结果可知，经上述预处理后的焦化废水，重金属镉、汞、铬和砷去除率均在80％以上，大大降低了进入生化处理***的重金属含量，极大的提高了废水的可生化性，工艺运行稳定，为焦化废水的无害化处理奠定了基础。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法，其特征在于，具体包括如下步骤：
1)首先将调节池中的焦化废水通过泵注入隔油池，采用重力隔油池去除浮油和沉于池底的污泥，废水以0.1～0.15m/s的速度缓慢流动；
2)出水进入混凝沉淀池中，加入质量浓度为3％～5％的Ca(OH)2溶液调节废水pH为7～9，边搅拌边加入复配缓蚀剂，反应10～15min后停止搅拌，静止沉淀20～30min；
3)出水经提升泵注入浅层离子气浮装置，去除废水中的S2-、悬浮物、油类及重金属污染物，在气浮进口处加混凝剂和助凝剂，反应时间为15～20min，充分混合絮凝后，浮渣通过螺旋浮渣收集装置自流至浮渣池，处理后的澄清水重力流出；
4)出水重力流入中间水池，加入1200～1500ppm的H2O2溶液，搅拌反应20～30min；
5)反应后出水通过泵以1～2m/s的流速流经管道式UV，紫外线波长范围为255～275nm，之后通过射流泵增压进入臭氧接触塔反应15～20min，快速反应后的气液混合物从接触塔罐顶通过管道压力流入脱气塔；
6)在脱气塔中气液混合物进行分离，气体向上通过脱气塔顶部的管道收集正压排出，液体向下通过脱气塔底部的管道收集正压流出即为处理后出水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)复配缓蚀剂为聚环氧琥珀酸和六偏磷酸钠聚合物，浓度为80～100ppm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种焦化废水预处理段重金属的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)混凝剂为50～70g的FeSO4，助凝剂为浓度20～30ppm的O2。
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