CN113602147A - Battery fault detection method and battery fault detection device - Google Patents
Battery fault detection method and battery fault detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113602147A CN113602147A CN202110898773.6A CN202110898773A CN113602147A CN 113602147 A CN113602147 A CN 113602147A CN 202110898773 A CN202110898773 A CN 202110898773A CN 113602147 A CN113602147 A CN 113602147A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 208000032953 Device battery issue Diseases 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 206010027336 Menstruation delayed Diseases 0.000 claims 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a battery fault detection method and a battery fault detection device, wherein the battery fault detection method comprises the following steps: charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process; processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value; and identifying the characteristic value of the battery cell, judging whether the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell is in a fault when the characteristic value of the battery cell is abnormal. In the battery fault detection method and the battery fault detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention, whether faults such as lithium analysis, internal short circuit and the like occur can be actively detected in real time in the charging process, the safety of the battery cell is protected in an all-round way, the risk can be reduced to the minimum, the detection effectiveness of the lithium analysis and the internal short circuit is high, the sensitivity is high, meanwhile, the data processing is simple, the detection cost is low, a monitoring module or parts do not need to be additionally arranged, and the lithium analysis condition of the battery cell can be improved by adding a discharging program in the charging process.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of battery technologies, and in particular, to a battery fault detection method and a battery fault detection apparatus.
Background
With the development of society and the increasing importance of people on environmental protection, electric automobiles are widely applied, and with the development of new energy automobiles in the world, the reserve of the electric automobiles is greatly increased. The safety of the power battery is also important when the power battery is used as an energy source of the electric automobile. However, in recent years, new energy vehicles have been frequently subjected to fire accidents caused by thermal runaway of power batteries, and the rapid popularization of new energy vehicles using lithium ion power batteries as energy storage devices has been seriously influenced.
The thermal runaway of the lithium ion power battery is caused by a plurality of reasons, wherein internal short circuit and lithium precipitation are two important induction factors. The traditional internal short circuit monitoring and detecting method is used for passively monitoring temperature rise rate, pressure drop rate, gas monitoring and the like, the hysteresis ratio of the method is relatively large, when abnormity is monitored, thermal runaway can not be basically avoided, and great potential safety hazards exist; meanwhile, a part of traditional detection methods need more detection devices and need offline detection, and online detection cannot be performed. The traditional lithium analysis detection method has poor detection sensitivity through charge-discharge efficiency, dv/dt and the like, and cannot well realize monitoring in the application process of the whole vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a battery fault detection method and a battery fault detection device which can actively, timely and real-timely detect the occurrence of lithium analysis and internal short circuit and better monitor the occurrence of lithium analysis and internal short circuit.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery fault detection method, which comprises the following steps:
charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process;
processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value;
and identifying the electrical core characteristic value, judging whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the electrical core is in a fault when the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal.
In an embodiment, the step of identifying the electrical core characteristic value and determining whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal specifically includes: comparing the cell characteristic value with a standard cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell characteristic value is abnormal when the cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard cell characteristic value, wherein the standard cell characteristic value is the cell characteristic value when the cell is normal
In an embodiment, the electrical core is multiple, the identifying the electrical core characteristic value, and the determining whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal specifically include: and comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value, judging that the cell characteristic value of one or more cells is abnormal.
In one embodiment, the life cycle of the battery pack includes an initial period of use and a later period of use, and the battery failure detection method further includes the steps of:
the steps of charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process comprise: charging the battery pack at the initial use stage of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring initial charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process; charging the battery pack at the middle and later stages of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring the current charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery core in the charging and discharging process;
the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value comprises the following steps: processing the initial charge-discharge characteristic parameters and the current charge-discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to respectively obtain initial battery cell characteristic values and current battery cell characteristic values;
identifying the electrical core characteristic value, judging whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, and when the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, judging that the electrical core fault occurs comprises the following steps: comparing the current electrical core characteristic value with the initial electrical core characteristic value, judging that the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal when the current electrical core characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial electrical core characteristic value, and judging that an electrical core fault occurs when the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal.
In one embodiment, the intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack during the charging process specifically includes: discharging after charging to the set charge state of each battery; or discharging after the charging of each step is finished; alternatively, the discharge is performed every preset time period.
In an embodiment, the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain the battery cell characteristic value specifically includes:
acquiring the rebound voltage after each discharge and the current battery charge state, and establishing the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state;
correcting the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state to obtain the relation between the corrected rebound voltage and the battery charge state;
and obtaining the cell characteristic value according to the corrected relation between the rebound voltage and the charge state of the battery.
In one embodiment, the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, the relationship between the corrected rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a corrected rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, and the electrical core characteristic values include a slope, an intercept and a correlation coefficient of the corrected rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve.
In an embodiment, the battery failure detection method further includes processing, when a cell fails, equipment in which a battery pack including the cell is installed.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a battery fault detection apparatus, including:
the charging control unit is used for charging the battery pack and controlling intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack in the charging process;
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell;
the data processing unit is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value; and the number of the first and second groups,
and the fault diagnosis unit is used for identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal or not, and judging that the battery cell fault exists when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal.
In an embodiment, the determining, by the fault diagnosis unit, whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal specifically includes: comparing the cell characteristic value with a standard cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell characteristic value is abnormal when the cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard cell characteristic value, wherein the standard cell characteristic value is the cell characteristic value when the cell is normal; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells; the data processing unit is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells to obtain the battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of battery cells; the step of judging whether the cell characteristic values are abnormal by the fault diagnosis unit specifically includes: comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value, judging that the cell characteristic value of one or more cells is abnormal; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the life cycle of the battery pack comprises an initial use period and a later use period, the charging control unit is used for charging the battery pack in the initial use period and the later use period of the battery pack and controlling intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack in the charging process; the acquisition unit is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell at the initial stage of use and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters at the later stage of use; the data processing unit is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell at the initial stage of use and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters at the later stage of use to obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell; the fault diagnosis unit is configured to compare the current electrical core characteristic value with the initial electrical core characteristic value, determine that the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal when the current electrical core characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial electrical core characteristic value, and determine that an electrical core fault occurs when the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal.
In the battery fault detection method and the battery fault detection device provided by the embodiment of the invention, whether faults such as lithium analysis, internal short circuit and the like occur can be actively detected in real time in the charging process, the safety of the battery cell is protected in an all-round way, the risk can be reduced to the minimum, the detection effectiveness of the lithium analysis and the internal short circuit is high, the sensitivity is high, meanwhile, the data processing is simple, the detection cost is low, a monitoring module or parts do not need to be additionally arranged, and the lithium analysis condition of the battery cell can be improved by adding a discharging program in the charging process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a battery fault detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery step charging strategy.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a relationship curve between the rebound voltage of the normal cell and the state of charge of the battery.
Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the rebound voltage of the lithium battery cell and the state of charge of the battery cell.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a battery failure detection method according to another embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a battery failure detection method according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a battery failure detection apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a battery failure detection method according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the battery failure detection method includes the steps of:
and S11, charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process, and acquiring the charge-discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charge-discharge process. The charge and discharge characteristic parameters may include a battery nuclear power State (SOC) and a bounce voltage.
Specifically, the battery pack may be discharged intermittently during the charging process after being charged to a set state of charge (SOC) of each battery, for example, after being charged to a state of charge of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, respectively. It will be appreciated that the battery pack may be discharged intermittently during the charging process for a short period of time, or may be discharged after the end of each step of charging, where the charging is performed at each of the different charging rates for the one-step charging step. The discharging current range can be 1-500A, each discharging time range can be 100 ms-30 s, the discharging current is preferably 200A, and the discharging time is preferably 5 s. In other embodiments, the battery pack may be discharged intermittently during the charging process, or may be discharged at preset intervals. The length of time for each discharge may be the same or different, and for example, the discharge may be performed once every 5 minutes of charge, once every 10 minutes of charge, once every 8 minutes of recharge, and then once every 6 minutes of charge, and so on.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the step charging strategy may be as shown in FIG. 2. In this step charging strategy, the charging rate is lower as the SOC value is larger, for example, the charging rate is 1.7C when the SOC is less than 30%, and the charging rate is 1.5C when the SOC is greater than 35% and less than 40%.
Specifically, parameters such as current, time, lowest voltage and highest voltage in a charging process, lowest voltage and rebound voltage difference in a discharging process and the like of the battery core can be collected in the charging and discharging process, and the state of charge (SOC) and the rebound voltage of the battery are obtained through calculation.
The state of charge of the battery may be calculated as:
wherein I is current and Q is electric quantity. The battery usually generates voltage rebound after discharging, the voltage after rebound is a voltage rebound value, the voltage rebound value is usually the voltage after the battery is placed for a period of time after discharging, the voltage after discharging and before rebound is a discharging voltage, and the rebound voltage is theoretically the difference between the voltage rebound value and the discharging voltage. In this embodiment, the lowest voltage in the next charging stage is taken as the voltage rebound value, and the lowest voltage in the previous discharging stage is taken as the discharging voltage. The rebound voltage can be obtained by subtracting the lowest voltage of the previous discharging stage from the lowest voltage of the next charging stage, and the lowest voltage of the previous discharging stage can be specifically acquiredThe voltage at the end, the lowest voltage of the next charging phase may specifically be the voltage at the beginning of the next charging phase.
And S13, processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value.
Specifically, step S13 specifically includes the following steps:
s132, acquiring the rebound voltage and the current battery charge state after each discharge, and establishing the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state. Specifically, a bounce voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve may be formed from the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge.
S134, correcting the relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge to obtain a corrected relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge, specifically, the corrected relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge may be a corrected relationship curve between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge. Specifically, the bounce voltage may be corrected according to a relationship between a battery state of charge (SOC) and a direct current impedance (DCR) and a relationship between a direct current impedance (DCR) and a battery state of health (SOH). For example, the value of the direct current impedance is different according to different battery health states, and the relationship between the direct current impedance and the battery health state can be obtained by pre-measurement, so that the direct current impedance in the current battery charge state can be obtained according to the current battery health state; in one type of cell, when the SOC is 30%, the DCR is 0.43 and the bouncing voltage is V1, and when the SOC is 20%, the DCR is 0.4, and the corrected bouncing voltage V2 at the SOC of 30% is V1 (0.43/0.4). In brief, the current dc impedance can be obtained according to the relationship between the dc impedance (DCR) and the state of charge (SOH) of the battery, and then the bounce voltage under different battery states of charge can be corrected according to the relationship between the battery state of charge (SOC) and the dc impedance (DCR).
And S136, obtaining the characteristic value of the battery cell according to the corrected relation between the rebound voltage and the charge state of the battery. Specifically, the cell characteristic values include slopes, intercepts, correlation coefficients and the like of the corrected rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve.
And S15, identifying the cell characteristic value, judging whether the cell characteristic value is abnormal or not, and judging that a cell fault occurs when the cell characteristic value is abnormal, such as lithium analysis or internal short circuit. Specifically, the cell characteristic value may be compared with a standard cell characteristic value, and when the cell characteristic value is not consistent with the standard cell characteristic value, it is determined that the cell characteristic value is abnormal. Specifically, the standard cell characteristic value may be obtained by performing a pre-measurement, for example, a cell characteristic value of a normal, non-faulty cell that is the same as the measured cell may be measured as the standard cell characteristic value.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a graph of a relationship between a rebound voltage and a battery state of charge when a battery cell is a normal battery cell, L1 and L2 are curves after being unmodified and modified, respectively; referring to fig. 4, a graph of the relationship between the rebound and the battery state of charge when the battery cell is a lithium-ion battery cell is shown, wherein L3 and L4 are the unmodified curves and the modified curves, respectively. Therefore, the intercept of the corrected curve of the lithium analysis cell is obviously smaller than that of the normal cell, so that whether lithium analysis occurs can be judged according to the intercept. And for the internal short circuit cell, the analysis on the mechanism is that in the charging process, the pole pieces charged to different SOC are not expanded uniformly, so that the degree of short circuit in the cell is not uniform, which means that the influence of different SOC sections on the cell voltage rebound difference is not uniform, the rebound voltage difference of the internal short circuit cell and the linearity of SOC fitting can generate influence, and therefore, whether the internal short circuit occurs or not can be judged according to the rebound voltage.
And S17, when the battery cell fails, processing the equipment provided with the battery pack comprising the battery cell. Specifically, when the device is processed, information push, offline inspection, and the like can be transmitted.
The battery fault detection method of this embodiment compares the electrical core characteristic value of the electrical core with a standard electrical core characteristic value, and it can be understood that the electrical core characteristic value of one electrical core may be compared with the standard electrical core characteristic value, and the respective electrical core characteristic values of a plurality of electrical cores may also be compared with the standard electrical core characteristic values, so that the battery fault detection method of this embodiment may be used to detect whether one electrical core is faulty or not, and may also be used to detect whether a plurality of electrical cores are faulty or not at the same time.
The battery fault detection method can actively detect whether faults such as lithium analysis, internal short circuit and the like occur in real time in the charging process, comprehensively protect the safety of the battery core, minimize the risk, have high detection effectiveness of the lithium analysis and the internal short circuit, high sensitivity, simple data processing and low detection cost, do not need to newly add a monitoring module or parts, and improve the lithium analysis condition of the battery core by adding a discharging program in the charging process.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a battery failure detection method according to another embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 5, in another embodiment, the battery fault detection method may be used to detect a condition of lithium separation and internal short circuit of a plurality of cells, and includes the following steps:
and S31, charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells in the charging and discharging process. The charge and discharge characteristic parameters may include a battery nuclear power State (SOC) and a bounce voltage.
The method for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S31 may be the same as the method for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S11, and is not described herein again. The difference includes that in step S31, charge and discharge characteristic parameters of a plurality of battery cells need to be acquired.
And S33, processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells to obtain the battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of battery cells.
The method for obtaining the cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S33 may be the same as the method for obtaining the cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S13, and is not described herein again. The difference includes that in step S33, the cell characteristic values of the multiple cells need to be acquired.
And S35, identifying the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and judging whether a cell with an abnormal cell characteristic value exists, wherein when the cell characteristic values of one or more cells are abnormal, the one or more cells are judged to be in fault, and situations such as lithium analysis or internal short circuit occur.
Specifically, in step S35, the cell characteristic values of a plurality of cells are compared, and when a difference between the cell characteristic values of any two of the cells is greater than a preset value, it is determined that the cell characteristic value of one or more of the cells is abnormal. It should be noted that even two identical normal cells inevitably have a certain difference in the cell characteristic values, and as long as the difference is within a normal error range, the cell characteristic values are still considered to be normal. For example, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the transverse distance of the rebound voltage-battery state of charge curve of the normal cell is 1.84, the transverse distance of the rebound voltage-battery state of charge curve of the abnormal cell is 1.61, and the difference is 0.23, and the difference of 0.23 is out of the normal error range.
And S37, when the battery cell fails, processing the equipment provided with the battery pack comprising the battery cell. Specifically, when the device is processed, information push, offline inspection, and the like can be transmitted.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a battery failure detection method according to another embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 5, in a further embodiment, the battery failure detection method may be used to detect the lithium separation and internal short circuit of the same battery cell during the whole life cycle of the battery cell, where the whole life cycle of the battery cell includes an early use period and a late use period, and the battery failure detection method includes the following steps:
and S51, charging the battery pack at the initial stage of use of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring the initial charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process.
The method for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S51 may be the same as the method for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S11, and is not described herein again. The difference includes that in step S51, the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell at the initial stage of use of the battery pack are obtained.
And S52, processing the initial charge-discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value.
The method for obtaining the cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S52 may be the same as the method for obtaining the cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S13, and is not described herein again. The difference includes that the cell characteristic value of the battery pack at the initial stage of use is obtained in step S52.
The initial cell characteristic value is a cell characteristic value at the initial stage of use, where the initial stage of use of the cell refers to when the cell is charged and discharged for the first time or when the cell is charged and discharged for the first time, the number of times of use of the cell is small, and generally, no fault such as lithium precipitation or internal short circuit occurs, and the cell characteristic value at this time should be the initial cell characteristic value.
And S54, charging the battery pack at the middle and later stages of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process, and acquiring the current charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process.
The method for acquiring the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S54 may be the same as the method for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell in step S11, and is not described herein again.
And S55, processing the current charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain the current battery cell characteristic value.
The method for obtaining the current cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S55 may be the same as the method for obtaining the cell characteristic value of the battery cell in step S13, and is not described herein again.
And S57, identifying the current battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the current battery cell characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the battery cell has a fault when the current battery cell characteristic value is abnormal. Identifying the electrical core characteristic value, and judging whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal specifically comprises: and comparing the current electrical core characteristic value with the initial electrical core characteristic value, judging whether the current electrical core characteristic value is consistent with the initial electrical core characteristic value, and when the current electrical core characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial electrical core characteristic value, indicating that the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, and indicating that faults such as lithium analysis, internal short circuit and the like occur in the electrical core at the moment. It is understood that the current cell characteristic value is consistent with the initial cell characteristic value, and is not completely equal, and a certain error range may be allowed.
And S59, when the battery cell fails, processing the equipment provided with the battery pack comprising the battery cell.
Through this embodiment, can accomplish almost real-time detecting the battery package in whole car service cycle, the emergence of lithium, interior short circuit is analysed in the control, reduces the risk to the minimum.
It is understood that, for the battery pack, the battery pack fault detection method according to the embodiment shown in fig. 5 and the battery pack fault detection method according to the embodiment shown in fig. 6 can be used to detect the fault of the battery pack at the same time, which makes the detection more reliable and distinguishes the occurrence of faults such as lithium analysis, internal short circuit and the like.
Referring to fig. 7, the present invention further provides a battery failure detection apparatus, which includes:
and a charging control unit 71 for charging the battery pack and controlling intermittent discharge of the battery pack during the charging process. Specifically, the battery pack may be discharged intermittently during the charging process after being charged to a set state of charge (SOC) of each battery, for example, after being charged to a state of charge of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, respectively. It is understood that the battery pack may be discharged intermittently during the charging process or after the charging of each step is completed, and the charging may be performed at each different charging rate to form a one-step charging step. The discharging current can be 1-500A, the discharging time can be 100 ms-30 s, the discharging current is preferably 200A, and the discharging time is preferably 5 s. In other embodiments, the battery pack may be discharged intermittently during the charging process, or may be discharged at preset intervals. The length of each discharge may be the same or different, for example, once every 5 minutes of charge, once after 10 minutes of first charge, once after 8 minutes of recharge, and once after 7 minutes of charge.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the step charging strategy may be as shown in FIG. 2. In this step charging strategy, the charging rate is lower as the SOC value is larger, for example, the charging rate is 1.7 when the SOC is less than 30%, and the charging rate is 1.5 when the SOC is greater than 35% and less than 40%.
And the acquisition unit 73 is used for acquiring charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell. Specifically, parameters such as current, time, lowest voltage and highest voltage in a charging process, lowest voltage in a discharging process, bounce voltage difference and the like of the battery core can be collected in the charging and discharging process, and the state of charge (SOC) and the bounce voltage of the battery are obtained through calculation.
The state of charge of the battery may be calculated as:
wherein I is current and Q is electric quantity. The battery usually generates voltage rebound after discharging, the voltage after rebound is a voltage rebound value, the voltage rebound value is usually the voltage after the battery is placed for a period of time after discharging, the voltage after discharging and before rebound is a discharging voltage, and the rebound voltage is theoretically the difference between the voltage rebound value and the discharging voltage. In this embodiment, the lowest voltage in the next charging stage is taken as the voltage rebound value, and the lowest voltage in the previous discharging stage is taken as the discharging voltage. The rebound voltage can be obtained by subtracting the difference of the lowest voltage of the previous discharging stage from the lowest voltage of the next charging stage, the lowest voltage of the previous discharging stage can specifically acquire the voltage at the end of the previous discharging stage, and the lowest voltage of the next charging stage can specifically acquire the voltage at the beginning of the next charging stage.
And the data processing unit 75 is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value. Specifically, the data processing unit 75 is configured to obtain the bounce voltage after each discharge and the current battery state of charge, and establish a relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge, and the data processing unit 75 is further configured to correct the relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge, obtain a corrected relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge, and obtain the electrical core characteristic value according to the corrected relationship between the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge.
Specifically, a bounce voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, such as curve L1 in fig. 3, may be formed from the bounce voltage and the battery state of charge. Specifically, the corrected bounce voltage to battery state of charge relationship may be a corrected bounce voltage to battery state of charge relationship curve, such as curve L2 in fig. 3. In particular, the bounce voltage may be modified based on the SOC/DCR data and the DCR/SOH data. For example, in one type of battery cell, when the SOC is 30%, the DCR is 0.43 and the bouncing voltage is V1, and when the SOC is 20%, the DCR is 0.4, and the corrected bouncing voltage V2 at the SOC of 30% is V1 (0.43/0.4). The DCR is direct current impedance, the SOH is the state of health of the battery, the value of the direct current impedance is different according to the state of health of the battery, and the relation between the direct current impedance and the state of health of the battery can be obtained by measurement in advance, so that the direct current impedance under different battery charge states can be obtained according to different battery state of health. The cell characteristic values comprise the slope, intercept, correlation coefficient and the like of the corrected rebound voltage-battery state of charge relation curve.
And the fault diagnosis unit 77 is configured to identify the cell characteristic value, determine whether the cell characteristic value is abnormal, and determine that a cell fault occurs, for example, lithium analysis or internal short circuit occurs when the cell characteristic value is abnormal. Specifically, a standard electrical core characteristic value is also preset in the fault diagnosis unit 77, and is specifically configured to compare the electrical core characteristic value with the standard electrical core characteristic value, and when the electrical core characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard electrical core characteristic value, it is determined that the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal. Specifically, the standard cell characteristic value may be obtained by performing a pre-measurement, for example, a cell characteristic value of a normal, non-faulty cell that is the same as the measured cell may be measured as the standard cell characteristic value.
And a control unit 79 for processing the equipment mounted with the battery pack including the battery cell, such as sending information push, offline inspection, and the like.
The battery fault detection device of the embodiment can be used for detecting the lithium precipitation and internal short circuit of a plurality of battery cells. At this time, the acquisition unit 73 is configured to acquire charge and discharge characteristic parameters of a plurality of different battery cells, the data processing unit 75 is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of different battery cells to obtain battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of different battery cells, the fault diagnosis unit 77 is configured to identify the battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of battery cells, determine whether there is a battery cell with an abnormal battery cell characteristic value, and determine that one or more battery cells have a fault, such as lithium analysis or internal short circuit, when the battery cell characteristic values of one or more battery cells are abnormal. Specifically, the fault diagnosis unit 77 is specifically configured to compare the cell characteristic values of a plurality of cells, and when a difference between the cell characteristic values of any two of the cells is greater than a preset value, determine that the cell characteristic value of one or more of the cells is abnormal.
The battery fault detection device of the embodiment can also be used for detecting the lithium analysis and internal short circuit conditions of the same battery cell in the whole life cycle of the battery cell. The battery pack includes an initial stage of use and a late stage of use. At this time, the acquisition unit 73 is configured to acquire a charge and discharge characteristic parameter and a current charge and discharge characteristic parameter of the battery cell at an initial stage of use, the data processing unit 75 is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameter and the current charge and discharge characteristic parameter of the battery cell at the initial stage of use, to obtain an initial battery characteristic value and a current battery characteristic value of the battery cell, the fault diagnosis unit 77 is configured to compare the battery characteristic value with the initial battery characteristic value, determine that the battery characteristic value is abnormal when the battery characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial battery characteristic value, and determine that a battery fault occurs, such as lithium analysis or internal short circuit when the battery characteristic value is abnormal.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A battery fault detection method, comprising:
charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process;
processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value;
and identifying the electrical core characteristic value, judging whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, and judging that the electrical core is in a fault when the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal.
2. The battery fault detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of identifying the electrical core characteristic value and determining whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal specifically includes: and comparing the cell characteristic value with a standard cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell characteristic value is abnormal when the cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard cell characteristic value, wherein the standard cell characteristic value is the cell characteristic value when the cell is normal.
3. The battery fault detection method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of battery cells are provided, and the step of identifying the battery cell characteristic value and determining whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal specifically includes: and comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value, judging that the cell characteristic value of one or more cells is abnormal.
4. The battery failure detection method of claim 1, wherein the life cycle of the battery pack includes an early stage of use and a late stage of use,
the steps of charging the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process, and acquiring the charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process comprise: charging the battery pack at the initial use stage of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring initial charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery cell in the charging and discharging process; charging the battery pack at the middle and later stages of the battery pack, intermittently discharging the battery pack in the charging process for a short time, and acquiring the current charging and discharging characteristic parameters of the battery core in the charging and discharging process;
the step of processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value comprises the following steps: processing the initial charge-discharge characteristic parameters and the current charge-discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to respectively obtain initial battery cell characteristic values and current battery cell characteristic values;
identifying the electrical core characteristic value, judging whether the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, and when the electrical core characteristic value is abnormal, judging that the electrical core fault occurs comprises the following steps: comparing the current electrical core characteristic value with the initial electrical core characteristic value, judging that the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal when the current electrical core characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial electrical core characteristic value, and judging that an electrical core fault occurs when the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal.
5. The battery fault detection method of claim 1, wherein intermittently discharging the battery pack during the charging process specifically comprises: discharging after charging to the set charge state of each battery; or discharging after the charging of each step is finished; alternatively, the discharge is performed every preset time period.
6. The battery fault detection method according to claim 1, wherein the step of processing the charge-discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain the battery cell characteristic values specifically includes:
acquiring the rebound voltage after each discharge and the current battery charge state, and establishing the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state;
correcting the relation between the rebound voltage and the battery charge state to obtain the relation between the corrected rebound voltage and the battery charge state;
and obtaining the cell characteristic value according to the corrected relation between the rebound voltage and the charge state of the battery.
7. The battery fault detection method of claim 6, wherein the relationship between the rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, the relationship between the corrected rebound voltage and the battery state of charge is a corrected rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve, and the cell characteristic values include a slope, an intercept and a correlation coefficient of the corrected rebound voltage-battery state of charge relationship curve.
8. The battery failure detection method according to claim 1, further comprising processing equipment in which a battery pack including the battery cell is mounted when the battery cell fails.
9. A battery failure detection apparatus, comprising:
a charging control unit (71) for charging the battery pack and controlling intermittent short-time discharging of the battery pack during the charging process;
the acquisition unit (73) is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell;
the data processing unit (75) is used for processing the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell to obtain a battery cell characteristic value; and the number of the first and second groups,
and the fault diagnosis unit (77) is used for identifying the battery cell characteristic value, judging whether the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal or not, and judging that the battery cell fault exists when the battery cell characteristic value is abnormal.
10. The battery fault detection device according to claim 9, wherein the fault diagnosis unit (77) determines whether the cell characteristic value is abnormal specifically as: comparing the cell characteristic value with a standard cell characteristic value, and judging that the cell characteristic value is abnormal when the cell characteristic value is inconsistent with the standard cell characteristic value, wherein the standard cell characteristic value is the cell characteristic value when the cell is normal; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the number of the battery cells is multiple, and the acquisition unit (73) is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cells; the data processing unit (75) is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the plurality of battery cells to obtain the battery cell characteristic values of the plurality of battery cells; the step of judging whether the cell characteristic values are abnormal by the fault diagnosis unit (77) specifically comprises the steps of: comparing the cell characteristic values of the plurality of cells, and when the difference between the cell characteristic values of any two cells is larger than a preset value, judging that the cell characteristic value of one or more cells is abnormal; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the life cycle of the battery pack includes an initial period of use and a late period of use, and the charge control unit (71) is used for charging the battery pack in the initial period of use and the late period of use of the battery pack, and controls intermittent discharge of the battery pack in the charging process; the acquisition unit (73) is used for acquiring the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell at the initial stage of use and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters at the later stage of use; the data processing unit (75) is configured to process the charge and discharge characteristic parameters of the battery cell at the initial stage of use and the charge and discharge characteristic parameters at the later stage of use to obtain an initial battery cell characteristic value and a current battery cell characteristic value of the battery cell; the fault diagnosis unit (77) is configured to compare the current electrical core characteristic value with the initial electrical core characteristic value, determine that the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal when the current electrical core characteristic value is inconsistent with the initial electrical core characteristic value, and determine that an electrical core fault occurs when the current electrical core characteristic value is abnormal.
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