CN113601009A - Titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive - Google Patents
Titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive Download PDFInfo
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- CN113601009A CN113601009A CN202110822371.8A CN202110822371A CN113601009A CN 113601009 A CN113601009 A CN 113601009A CN 202110822371 A CN202110822371 A CN 202110822371A CN 113601009 A CN113601009 A CN 113601009A
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 102100038247 Retinol-binding protein 3 Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710137010 Retinol-binding protein 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009763 wire-cut EDM Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive, which adopts an automatic control platform comprising a laser, a robot and a position changer, a spot welding machine and a preset mechanism to carry out laser additive manufacturing and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of processing and forming through wire cutting, laser cutting or hot extrusion to obtain preset additive materials, presetting the additive materials on a titanium alloy matrix or a previous layer of additive materials in a pyramid section shape in a resistance spot welding, ultrasonic spot welding, laser spot welding, fixture fixing or gluing mode, placing preset workpieces on a position changer, introducing protective gas, conducting automatic laser additive material manufacturing through laser and robot control, and finishing additive material manufacturing of all additive material layers through repeated operation. The method can avoid the problems of air dust and impurities involved, expensive powder material, low utilization rate and the like in the powder additive manufacturing process, provides a substitution scheme for solving the problem of few models of commercial additive wires, improves the stability of the quality of workpieces, and is beneficial to industrialization and large-scale production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive.
Background
Compared with the traditional technology, the laser additive manufacturing technology can realize the manufacturing of complex parts from zero to no need of a cutter and too many machining processes, has the advantages of short processing period, energy and material conservation, high economic benefit and the like, is a sustainable development direction of the manufacturing industry in China, and is one of the hot spots of current research.
The existing metal material additive manufacturing technology which is put into production and used usually takes powder or commercial welding wires as raw materials for additive manufacturing, and the problems of high price of the powder, rare models of commercial welding wire materials and the like greatly hinder the development of additive manufacturing; parameters such as feeding speed, distance, direction and the like in powder feeding or wire feeding additive manufacturing and precision problems of powder feeding and wire feeding equipment also influence the quality and stability of the final additive formed part, and impurities are easily introduced in the powder preparation, mixing and powder laying processes to influence the component precision of the additive formed part.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of laser additive manufacturing, the invention aims to provide a titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive, which is characterized in that a formed workpiece is manufactured by laser additive manufacturing through prefabricated self-manufactured additive, so that the utilization rate of materials can be improved, the forming quality of the workpiece is stable, the production and manufacturing cost is greatly reduced compared with that of powder, and the titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method has good economical efficiency and benefit; meanwhile, the problem that the commercial welding wire material type number is rare in the current market can be avoided, and the selection range of the wire material for the wire is expanded.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additives, which adopts an automatic control platform comprising a laser, a robot and a position changer, a spot welding machine and preset additives to carry out laser additive manufacturing and comprises the following steps:
(1) the titanium alloy substrate is arranged on a conductive metal plate, and the conductive metal plate is grounded;
(2) processing and forming in a wire cutting, laser cutting or hot extrusion mode to obtain a preset additive, pre-paving the preset additive on the titanium alloy substrate or the previous layer of additive in a pyramid section shape, and fixing the preset additive by using a clamp;
(3) one pole of the spot welding machine is connected to the conductive metal plate, the other pole of the spot welding machine is arranged on the preset material, and spot welding is carried out on the preset material once in a mode of resistance spot welding, ultrasonic spot welding, laser spot welding, fixture fixing or gluing at intervals of 25-50 cm;
(4) placing a preset workpiece on the positioner, covering a protective cover, and introducing protective gas;
(5) inputting laser additive manufacturing process parameters into the robot, and performing automatic laser additive manufacturing through the control of a laser and the robot;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (5) until additive manufacturing of all the additive layers is completed.
Further, the titanium alloy substrate is TC4 titanium alloy.
Further, the preset additive is prepared by cutting additive wires self-made according to the material components of the additive piece into strips or round rods, and the thickness of the preset additive wires is 0.3-3 mm.
Furthermore, the preset additive is made of TC4 titanium alloy or TA2 titanium alloy, and is processed into a strip with the thickness of 1mm by linear cutting, and the cross section of the strip is rectangular.
Further, the steps (1) to (6) are also carried out by grinding the burrs and the oxide layers on the surfaces of the titanium alloy substrate and the additive and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces.
Furthermore, a pre-mill is used for polishing the surface of the material and alcohol is used as a cleaning agent for ultrasonic cleaning.
Further, the spot welding machine adopts a Hotspot II thermocouple spot welding machine, material increase is preset in a resistance spot welding mode, and the single spot welding energy is 180J; and/or the laser adopts an IPG-YLS-5000W ytterbium-doped multimode fiber laser, and/or the robot adopts an ABB IRB 4600 type six-axis robot, and/or the positioner adopts an ABB IRBP A250 positioner.
Further, in the step (3), the other pole of the spot welding machine performs one spot welding on the preset additive material at an interval of 30 cm.
Further, in the step (4), argon is selected as a protective gas, and the flow rate is 25L/min.
Further, in the step (5), the laser scanning speed is 3-9 mm/s, the power is 1.5-3 kW, and the lap joint rate is 45%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, additive manufacturing is carried out by adopting the self-made additive wire, so that the problems that dust and impurities in air are easily involved, the price of a powder material is high, the utilization rate is low and the like in the additive manufacturing by adopting powder are avoided.
(2) The invention provides a feasible alternative scheme for solving the problem that the types of additive wires which are put into commercial use at present are rare by machining and processing the self-made additive wires, expands the selectable range of the additive materials in the wire additive manufacturing, and presets the additive materials without using a powder feeding mechanism or a wire feeding mechanism, further reduces the production cost, simplifies the process parameters such as wire feeding/powder feeding speed, smooth wire/powder distance and the like in the laser additive manufacturing, improves the stability of the quality of workpieces, and is beneficial to industrialization and large-scale production.
The above-described and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent with reference to the following detailed description.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a spot welding location where resistance spot welding fixes each pre-positioned additive;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of laser additive manufacturing using a strip TA2 titanium alloy as a preset additive material;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a strip TA2 titanium alloy pre-set additive and laser scanning path;
FIG. 4 is a topographical characterization of a single layer TC4 titanium alloy preplaced additive coupon A1;
FIG. 5 is a topographical characterization of an A2 multilayer TC4 titanium alloy pre-built additive coupon;
fig. 6 is a weight gain curve per unit area of a preset additive sample in a high temperature oxidation test of an example.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
In the following examples, the additive sizes of TA2 and TC4 formed by wire cut electrical discharge machining were 100 × 3 × 1mm (length × width × height), the size of the TC4 substrate was 100 × 30 × 6mm (length × width × height), and all the additives and substrates were ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol as a cleaning agent for 10min after polishing to remove a surface oxide layer.
The laser additive manufacturing process of the titanium alloy based on the preset additive in the following embodiment is as follows: preset material increase spot welding as shown in figure 1, 6 strip-shaped material increases are pre-paved on a base body, then two ends of the material increases are temporarily fixed by using a clamp, the material increases are fixed on the base body by adopting a Hotspot II thermocouple spot welding machine to spot-weld each material increase for four times according to the parameters of 180J spot welding energy, the distance between every two spot welding positions is 30cm, the distance between the initial spot welding position and the tail spot welding position and the material increase endpoint is 5cm, and the clamps at the two ends are removed after spot welding is completed. The number of preset additive strips in each layer is reduced layer by layer, the first layer is preset with 6 additive strips, the second layer is 5 additive strips, and the third layer is 4 additive strips, as shown in fig. 2. After the additive pre-placement of the first layer is completed, the substrate is placed on the ABB IRBP a250 positioner platform and covered with a protective cover, as shown in fig. 3. In the material increase process, argon is input as protective gas, the flow rate is 25L/min, the protective gas is introduced from a gas inlet below the side of a protective cover, an IPG-YLS-5000W ytterbium-doped multimode fiber laser is adopted as a laser used for material increase manufacturing, a laser head is clamped by an ABB IRB 4600 type six-axis robot, and meanwhile, an ABB IRBP A250 positioner can be connected into the ABB IRB 4600 type six-axis robot to be uniformly controlled by the robot. The process parameters set in the robot are as follows: the laser power is 1.5-3 kw, the scanning speed is 3-9 mm/s, the lapping rate is 45%, and the reciprocating scanning is selected in the laser scanning mode, as shown in fig. 2. And (3) exhausting air in the protective cover by adopting an upward air exhausting method, and automatically controlling the robot to perform additive manufacturing of the first layer after the protective cover is filled with argon. After the first layer of additive manufacturing is finished, presetting and additive manufacturing of the second layer of additive layer are carried out on the first layer of additive layer according to the steps, and the target additive manufacturing workpiece is obtained repeatedly in the way.
By adopting the titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on the preset additive, embodiments 1 to 3 are different in that the process parameters of additive workpieces made of three different materials are different, and the process parameters are as follows:
example 1(a 1): single-layer TC4 material increase, wherein the laser power is 2.5kw, the scanning speed is 6mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 45%;
example 2(a 2): adding materials into a plurality of layers of TC4, wherein the laser power is 2.5kw, the scanning speed is 6mm/s, and the lap joint rate is 45%;
example 3 (B1): multilayer TA2 additive, laser power 2.5kw, scanning speed 6mm/s, lap ratio 45%.
The samples A1, A2 and B1 prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 were subjected to a high temperature oxidation test with a TC4 matrix in an SLX-1700C box-type resistance furnace and an FA2004 type electronic balance under the test parameters of 55h oxidation time and 800 ℃ temperature, and the measured oxidation weight gain curve is shown in FIG. 6.
In summary, after the material increase is performed on the substrate by the method of resistance spot welding, laser spot welding, ultrasonic spot welding or gluing, laser material increase manufacturing is realized through an automatic control platform consisting of a laser, a robot and a position changer, powder pollution in the powder material increase manufacturing is avoided, the utilization rate of the material is improved, the material and equipment cost in the laser material increase manufacturing is greatly reduced, a powder feeding or wire feeding mechanism and corresponding parameter design are omitted, the laser material increase manufacturing production process is simplified, the quality stability of the formed part is improved, the economy and the benefit are achieved, the selection range of the wire material in the material increase manufacturing is expanded, and a new way is provided for promoting the industrialization and the scale development of the laser material increase manufacturing.
Claims (10)
1. A titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive is characterized in that laser additive manufacturing is carried out by adopting an automatic control platform comprising a laser, a robot and a position changer, a spot welding machine and preset additive, and comprises the following steps:
(1) the titanium alloy substrate is arranged on a conductive metal plate, and the conductive metal plate is grounded;
(2) processing and forming in a wire cutting, laser cutting or hot extrusion mode to obtain a preset additive, pre-paving the preset additive on the titanium alloy substrate or the previous layer of additive in a pyramid section shape, and fixing the preset additive by using a clamp;
(3) one pole of the spot welding machine is connected to the conductive metal plate, the other pole of the spot welding machine is arranged on the preset material, and spot welding is carried out on the preset material once in a mode of resistance spot welding, ultrasonic spot welding, laser spot welding, fixture fixing or gluing at intervals of 25-50 cm;
(4) placing a preset workpiece on the positioner, covering a protective cover, and introducing protective gas;
(5) inputting laser additive manufacturing process parameters into the robot, and performing automatic laser additive manufacturing through the control of a laser and the robot;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (1) to (5) until additive manufacturing of all the additive layers is completed.
2. The preset-additive-based laser additive manufacturing method for the titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the titanium alloy matrix is a TC4 titanium alloy.
3. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on the preset additive is characterized in that the preset additive is formed by cutting additive wires manufactured according to the material components of an additive piece into strips or round rods, and the thickness of the additive wires is 0.3-3 mm.
4. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additives of claim 3, wherein the preset additives are made of TC4 titanium alloy or TA2 titanium alloy, are machined into a strip shape with the thickness of 1mm through linear cutting, and have a rectangular cross section.
5. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additives as claimed in claim 1, wherein steps (1) - (6) are preceded by steps of surface burr and oxide layer polishing and surface oil stain cleaning of the titanium alloy substrate and the additives.
6. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on the preset additive is characterized in that a pre-grinder is used for grinding the surface of a material, and alcohol is used as a cleaning agent for ultrasonic cleaning.
7. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on the preset additive is characterized in that the spot welding machine adopts a Hotspot II thermocouple spot welding machine, the additive is preset in a resistance spot welding mode, and the single spot welding energy is 180J; and/or the laser adopts an IPG-YLS-5000W ytterbium-doped multimode fiber laser, and/or the robot adopts an ABB IRB 4600 type six-axis robot, and/or the positioner adopts an ABB IRBP A250 positioner.
8. The preset-additive-based laser additive manufacturing method for titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the other pole of the spot welder performs one spot welding on the preset additive at a spacing distance of 30 cm.
9. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additives as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), argon is selected as a protective gas, and the flow rate is 25L/min.
10. The titanium alloy laser additive manufacturing method based on preset additive according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the laser scanning speed is 3-9 mm/s, the power is 1.5-3 kW, and the overlapping rate is 45%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20180229332A1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2018-08-16 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Foil-based additive manufacturing system and method |
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Application publication date: 20211105 |