CN113595433B - Dielectric elastomer energy collection system and method - Google Patents
Dielectric elastomer energy collection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113595433B CN113595433B CN202110771221.9A CN202110771221A CN113595433B CN 113595433 B CN113595433 B CN 113595433B CN 202110771221 A CN202110771221 A CN 202110771221A CN 113595433 B CN113595433 B CN 113595433B
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- 229920002595 Dielectric elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
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- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/06—Influence generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dielectric elastomer energy collection system and method, and belongs to the field of energy collection. The device comprises a small charge supply device, a dielectric elastomer capacitor, a self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit and an external load; the small charge supply device provides initial voltage, the capacitance value of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is changed through deformation, and then the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is changed, under the condition of voltage change, when the self-bias circuit outputs charges to the dielectric elastomer capacitor, the internal capacitor of the self-bias circuit is in a parallel high-capacitance state, and when the dielectric elastomer capacitor inputs charges to the self-bias circuit, the internal capacitor of the self-bias circuit is in a series high-voltage state, so that the output charge amount of the self-bias circuit is larger than the input charge amount. The voltage stabilizing diode stabilizes the system voltage at a specific voltage, and ensures the stable operation of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention is in the field of mechanical energy collection, and more particularly, to a dielectric elastomer energy system and method.
Background
The Dielectric Elastomer Generator (DEG) as a generator has the advantages of flexibility, light weight, low cost and the like, and can effectively collect and generate mechanical energy commonly existing in environments such as human body movement energy, wind energy, wave energy and the like. However, dielectric elastomer generators are still far from application due to the severe reliance on external high voltage power supplies and the lack of efficient energy harvesting means. In the prior art, a variety of new generators without an external power source have been proposed to collect mechanical energy in the environment, such as wind energy, wave energy, tidal energy, etc. Among these new energy harvesting devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are the most active new technology for energy harvesting. TENG output power is positively correlated with the transferred charge density, and for this reason much of the work around increasing generator charge density has been expanded to expect greater output power. However, due to the influence of factors such as air breakdown, air humidity and friction conditions, the charge density of the generator is difficult to further increase, and the development of the generator in the field of energy collection is seriously hindered.
However, comparison shows that: the traditional dielectric elastic energy generator has the advantages of good flexibility, light weight, low cost, high energy density and the like, but the traditional dielectric elastic energy generator needs an external power supply, so that the traditional distributed requirement is difficult to meet; TENG has the characteristics of diversified energy collection modes and no need of an external power supply, but the charge density of TENG is generally low. In contrast, the dielectric elastomer energy collection system has the advantages of both, and can realize high energy output and high transferred charge amount without an external power supply.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies or needs in the art, the present invention provides a dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system and method that achieves high output performance and high charge density of a dielectric elastomer generator without the need for an external power source.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dielectric elastomer energy collection system comprises a small charge supply device, a dielectric elastomer capacitor, a self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit and an external load;
the self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit is connected in parallel to two sides of a power supply of the small charge supply device and comprises a voltage stabilizing diode and a self-bias circuit connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode, the self-bias circuit is composed of a plurality of internal capacitors and internal diodes, and the internal capacitors are connected in series-parallel connection through the connection and disconnection of the internal diodes; the external load is connected in series with the dielectric elastomer capacitor and then connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode;
the dielectric elastomer capacitor is an elastic stretchable capacitor and consists of a dielectric elastomer and variable electrodes on two sides of the dielectric elastomer, and the dielectric elastomer is an elastic stretchable material; when the dielectric elastomer capacitor is in the stretching process, the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is converted into a parallel high-capacitance state, and the self-bias circuit outputs charges to the dielectric elastomer capacitor; when the dielectric elastomer capacitor is in a contraction process, the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is converted into a series high-voltage state, and the dielectric elastomer capacitor inputs charges to the self-bias circuit.
Preferably, the dielectric elastomer material is selected from any one of silicon rubber, block copolymer and thermoplastic bioplastic, and the variable electrodes on two sides of the dielectric elastomer material are selected from any one of conductive silicone grease, silver nanowires, hydrogel and ion conductors.
Preferably, the small charge supply device comprises a power supply and a rectifier bridge, wherein the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the power supply are respectively connected to the input side of the rectifier bridge, and the zener diode is connected in parallel to the output side of the rectifier bridge.
Preferably, the rectifier bridge is constructed by four low-conducting-voltage diodes.
Preferably, the self-bias circuit is of a first-order form and comprises two internal capacitors and three internal diodes;
the two internal capacitors are connected, and a first internal diode is connected between the two internal capacitors in series; a second internal diode is connected in parallel outside the branch where each internal capacitor and the first internal diode are located; the anode of the second internal diode is connected with the cathode of the first internal diode, and the cathode of the second internal diode is connected with the anode of the first internal diode;
when the first internal diode is conducted, the second internal diode is disconnected, and the two internal capacitors are connected in series; when the second internal diode is conducted, the first internal diode is disconnected, and the two internal capacitors are connected in parallel.
Preferably, the self-bias circuit is in a two-order or multi-order form, and comprises 2n internal capacitors and 2n +1 internal diodes, wherein n is the order of the self-bias circuit.
Preferably, the external load is a resistor device, a light emitting diode or a charging load consisting of a rectifier bridge and a capacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The invention takes the dielectric elastomer film as the movable unit, has the advantages of light weight, low cost, stretchability, good flexibility, high spatial degree of freedom and cutting capability, and is further suitable for various complex environments such as wave energy, wind energy and wearable energy collecting devices.
(2) The non-power generator and the static voltage source are used for replacing low-voltage power supplies such as batteries and the like, so that the comprehensive non-power of the dielectric elastomer generator is realized. Compared with power supplies such as chemical batteries and the like, the non-powered friction generator, the electret generator, the piezoelectric generator, the electrostatic voltage source and the like can stably operate for a long time under the conditions of high humidity and high temperature.
(3) The traditional dielectric elastomer generator generates energy output density of more than 100mJ/g, and dozens of kilovolts of external voltage source are needed. The invention realizes the charge transfer between the dielectric elastomer capacitor and the self-bias circuit by using the capacitance change between the two, generates current, and further can realize the high transfer charge amount of 25mC/m under the passive and low voltage conditions 2 And a high energy output density of 105mJ/g.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a resistor device as a load according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light emitting diode as a load according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the embodiment of the invention in which a rectifier bridge and a capacitor are used as a chargeable load.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of charge transfer between the self-bias circuit and the dielectric elastomer capacitor, when the capacitor in the self-bias circuit is in a parallel high capacitance state, the self-bias circuit charges the dielectric elastomer capacitor.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of charge transfer between the self-bias circuit and the dielectric elastomer capacitor when the capacitor in the self-bias circuit is in a series high voltage state and the dielectric elastomer capacitor charges the self-bias circuit.
FIG. 6 dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system boosting and voltage stabilization process.
Fig. 7 shows the current change between the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer and the self-bias circuit during the voltage boosting phase and the voltage stabilizing phase of the dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system.
Fig. 8 shows the variation of the amount of charge transferred between the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer and the self-bias circuit during the voltage boosting and stabilizing phases of the dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system.
FIG. 9 is a dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system with a 2-step self-bias circuit, where the capacitors in the self-bias circuit are in a parallel high-capacitance state and the self-bias circuit charges the dielectric elastomer capacitors.
Fig. 10 is a dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system with a 2-step self-bias circuit, where the capacitors in the self-bias circuit are in a series high voltage state and the dielectric elastomer capacitors charge the self-bias circuit.
Fig. 11 is a dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system with a self-biasing circuit in multiple stages.
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the variation of the voltage across the dielectric elastomer capacitor and the current flowing through the capacitor as the dielectric elastomer capacitor stretches and retracts.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the start of charging a dielectric elastomer capacitor based on the self-biasing circuit of fig. 12.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the start of charging a self-bias circuit based on the dielectric elastomer capacitance of fig. 12.
In the figure: 1-dielectric elastomer, 2-variable electrode, 3-resistor device load, 4-capacitor, 5-diode, 6-voltage stabilizing diode, 7-electret power supply, 8-dielectric elastomer capacitor, 9-self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit, 10-small charge supply device, 11-light emitting diode load and 12-charging load composed of rectifier bridge and capacitor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The dielectric elastomer energy collection system disclosed by the invention mainly comprises three parts: a dielectric elastomer capacitor, an external load, a self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit and a small charge supply device 10.
The self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit 9 is connected in parallel to two sides of a power supply of the small charge supply device 10 and comprises a voltage stabilizing diode 6 and a self-bias circuit which is connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode 6, wherein the self-bias circuit consists of a plurality of internal capacitors 4 and internal diodes; the external load is connected in series with the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 and then connected in parallel with the voltage stabilizing diode 6; when the self-bias circuit outputs charges to the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8, the internal capacitor of the self-bias circuit is in a parallel high-capacitance state, and when the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 inputs charges to the self-bias circuit, the internal capacitor of the self-bias circuit is in a series high-voltage state so as to ensure that the output charge amount of the self-bias circuit is greater than the input charge amount, and the charge amount of the internal capacitor of the self-bias circuit is increased in the series-parallel conversion process; in the invention, a small charge supply device provides initial charge for the self-bias circuit and the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 initially, when the dielectric elastomer capacitor is stretched, the voltage of the capacitor is reduced and the voltage is reduced to a threshold value, the self-bias circuit is converted into a parallel high-capacitance state and outputs charge to the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8; on the contrary, when the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is released, the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor rises and reaches the threshold, the self-bias circuit is changed into the parallel high-capacitance state, the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 provides charges for the self-bias circuit, and meanwhile, in the process of changing the serial-parallel state of the self-bias voltage-stabilizing internal capacitor, the charge quantity is increased, so that the charge quantity of the whole system is improved. Meanwhile, when the amount of the system charge exceeds the threshold of the zener diode 6 of the self-bias circuit, the excess charge is discharged.
The dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is an elastic stretchable capacitor and is composed of a dielectric elastomer 1 and variable electrodes 2 on two sides of the dielectric elastomer 1, and the dielectric elastomer 1 is made of an elastic stretchable material. The dielectric elastomer material is selected from any one of silicon rubber, block copolymer and thermoplastic bioplastic, and the variable electrodes on two sides of the dielectric elastomer material are selected from any one of conductive silicone grease, silver nanowires, hydrogel and ion conductors.
As shown in fig. 1, the small charge supply device 10 includes a power supply 7 and a rectifier bridge 5, wherein the upper and lower electrodes of the power supply are respectively connected to the input side of the rectifier bridge 2, and the zener diode 6 is connected in parallel to the output side of the rectifier bridge 2. The source of the initial charge may be the supply of an active power source such as a battery, or a passive voltage source such as a tribo nanogenerator, an electret generator, a piezoelectric generator, or a static tribo/electret/piezoelectric voltage source. The rectifier bridge is built by four low-breakover voltage diodes.
In this embodiment, the external load is a resistor device, a light emitting diode, or a charging load composed of a rectifier bridge and a capacitor. Wherein, FIG. 1 shows two resistor devices as external loads; fig. 2 shows that the light emitting diode is used as an external load, and the external load on the other side of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 may be a resistor device or a light emitting diode, and when a current passes through the light emitting diode, the light emitting diode emits light. Fig. 3 shows that the charging load composed of the rectifier bridge and the capacitor is used as an external load, which can store electric energy into the capacitor, and the external load on the other side of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 can be a resistance device or a charging load. That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the form of the load is not limited to the resistor, and may be a circuit for storing electric energy or an electronic device of a certain function.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
1. the introduction of the small charge supply means 10 provides the power generation system with an initial charge, and the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 formed by the dielectric elastomer and the variable electrode is deformed under the action of an external force. With reference to the formula:
wherein C, epsilon, S and d are respectively the capacitance, dielectric constant, area and thickness of the dielectric elastomer capacitor, it can be seen that the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer changes during the deformation process.
Further, from the formula Q = CU, where Q and U are the charge amount and the voltage charged in the dielectric elastomer capacitor, respectively, it can be seen that, in the case of a constant charge amount, the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor changes due to the capacitance change of the dielectric elastomer capacitor. It can be seen that the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer capacitor becomes larger and the voltage thereof becomes smaller during the stretching process along the electrode direction of the elastomer capacitor, whereas the capacitance becomes smaller and the voltage becomes larger during the releasing process.
2. The injection and output directions of the charges of the self-bias circuit are controlled by the voltage of an internal diode of the self-bias circuit and the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8, the self-bias circuit charges the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 by arranging the internal diodes, the capacitance value of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is increased and the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is decreased in the stretching process of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8, namely the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is smaller than the voltage of the self-bias circuit, the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is in a parallel high-capacitance state, and the positive and negative charges in the self-bias circuit are output to the dielectric elastomer, as shown in fig. 4; conversely, when the dielectric elastomer capacitor retracts, the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 increases, i.e., the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is greater than the voltage of the self-bias circuit, the self-bias circuit is charged by the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8, the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is in the series high voltage state 12, and the charge in the dielectric elastomer flows into the self-bias circuit, as shown in fig. 5.
3. By stretching and releasing the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer, a flow of charge, i.e., current, is formed with the self-biasing circuit. The voltage stabilizing diode 6 in the self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit limits the voltage at two ends of the dielectric elastomer capacitor to be lower than the breakdown voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor, and therefore stable work of the dielectric elastomer can be guaranteed.
In this example, a structure of the dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system shown in fig. 1 is given: coating flexible electrode material conductive grease 2 on the upper and lower sides of a dielectric elastomer material polyacrylate film 1 to form a dielectric elastomer capacitor, wherein the dielectric elastomer material is Tesa 70410 with the thickness of 0.1mm, the conductive grease is Japan shines, and the electrode coating area is about 10cm 2 (ii) a A self-bias circuit is constructed by utilizing a capacitor and a diode so as to ensure that the charge quantity output to the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 by the self-bias circuit is larger than the charge quantity input to the self-bias circuit by the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8, wherein the size of each capacitor 4 is 100nF, and meanwhile, a voltage stabilizing diode is introduced to stabilize the voltage of an energy collecting system, and other voltage stabilizing circuits can be used by the voltage stabilizing circuit; a small charge supply 10 is used to provide an initial charge to the dielectric elastomer capacitor.
In the present embodiment, the size of the capacitor of the self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit is not limited to 100nF, and the capacitance can be adjusted according to actual conditions.
As shown in fig. 6-8, the operating state of the dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system is divided into two phases-a boost phase and a regulation phase.
A boosting stage: with the continuous work of the external force on the system, the continuous series-parallel conversion of the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is accompanied, the charge in the system is continuously increased, the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is continuously increased, and the current passing through two external loads 3 (taking fig. 1 as an example) between the dielectric elastomer capacitor and the self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit is also increased, that is, the charge amount is increased, as shown in the boosting stage in fig. 6-8.
And (3) voltage stabilization: when the voltage of the dielectric elastomer capacitor reaches a voltage stabilization state, namely 1200V, the maximum value of the voltage is stabilized at 1200V due to the voltage stabilization effect of the voltage stabilization system, and through stretching and retracting, positive and negative charges move in the dielectric elastomer capacitor and the self-bias circuit in the energy collection system, namely, current stabilizes continuous output energy through a load, such as the voltage stabilization stage shown in FIGS. 6-8.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the self-bias circuit is not limited to the first-order circuit shown in fig. 1-3, but may be a multi-order self-bias circuit with two or more orders shown in fig. 9-11.
As shown in a first-order circuit, comprises two internal capacitors and three internal diodes;
the two internal capacitors are connected, and a first internal diode is connected between the two internal capacitors in series; a second internal diode (two second internal diodes in total) is connected in parallel outside the branch where each internal capacitor and the first internal diode are located; the anode of the second internal diode is connected with the cathode of the first internal diode, and the cathode of the second internal diode is connected with the anode of the first internal diode;
when the first internal diode is conducted, the second internal diode is disconnected, and the two internal capacitors are connected in series; when the second internal diode is conducted, the first internal diode is disconnected, and the two internal capacitors are connected in parallel.
As shown in the second order circuit, four internal capacitors and five internal diodes are included.
As shown in fig. 9, when the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is in the stretching process, the middle two capacitors in the self-bias circuit are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the capacitors on both sides, which belongs to the parallel high-capacitance state, and the self-bias circuit outputs charges to the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8;
as shown in fig. 10, when the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is in the contraction process, the internal capacitors in the self-bias circuit are connected in parallel after being connected in series two by two, and belong to the state of series high voltage, and the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 inputs charges to the self-bias circuit.
The circuit can also be in a multi-stage form with more than 2 stages, and can include 2n internal capacitors and 2n +1 internal diodes, as shown in fig. 11, and the connection modes can realize series-parallel connection of the internal capacitors, which can be understood by those skilled in the art; the multi-stage circuit has the advantage over the first-stage circuit in that it can boost voltage normally and has high output energy density and transferred charge amount under the condition of small change rate of the capacitance of the dielectric elastic capacitor.
The energy collection method of the dielectric elastomer energy collection system comprises the following steps:
1. and starting a power supply 7, starting charging the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 and the internal capacitor 4 in the self-bias circuit after the current passes through the rectifier bridge 5 until the voltage on two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is stable, and taking the voltage value as an initial voltage.
2. The dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is stretched, the area of the dielectric elastomer 1 is enlarged under the action of external tensile force, the thickness is reduced, namely the distance between the variable electrodes 2 at the upper side and the lower side of the dielectric elastomer is reduced, the capacitance value of the dielectric elastomer is increased, the voltage value is reduced, when the voltage at the two sides of the dielectric elastomer 1 is reduced to any internal capacitor voltage, the self-bias circuit is converted into a parallel high-capacitance state, and at the moment, because the voltage values at the two sides of the self-bias circuit in a parallel mode are greater than the voltage value of a branch circuit where the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is located, the self-bias circuit starts to charge the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 until the voltages at the two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 are stable; in the charging process, the current is collected after flowing through the external load.
3. Releasing external tension, retracting the dielectric elastomer 1 in the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 along the direction of the variable electrodes, reducing the area and increasing the thickness of the dielectric elastomer capacitor, increasing the distance between the variable electrodes 2 at two sides, namely reducing the capacitance value of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 and increasing the voltage value, when the voltage at two sides of the dielectric elastomer 1 is increased to the voltage of any internal capacitor, converting the self-bias circuit into a series high-voltage state, and at the moment, because the voltage value of a branch of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is greater than the voltage values at two sides of the self-bias circuit in a series mode, the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 starts to charge the self-bias circuit until the voltages at two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 and the self-bias circuit in the series high-voltage state are equal; in the charging process, current is collected after flowing through an external load; through the switching of the self-bias circuit in the series and parallel modes, the separation of positive and negative charges is caused, the total charge quantity of the system is increased, and the voltage on two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is improved.
4. Repeating the step 2 and the step 3, wherein the voltage on two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is continuously increased, and the energy collected by an external load connected in series with the dielectric elastomer capacitor 8 is continuously increased; the voltage on the two sides of the self-bias circuit is continuously increased, in order to prevent the dielectric elastomer from being broken down, the voltage stabilizing diode 6 is used for stabilizing the voltage, and the positive and negative charges can move in the dielectric elastomer capacitor and the self-bias circuit through the stretching-retracting operation of the dielectric elastomer 1, so that the external load can stably and continuously output energy.
Fig. 12 shows experimental data of the energy collection process, and several nodes (see 1,2,3,4,5 marked on the graph of fig. 12) are selected to explain the process.
As shown in fig. 13, 1-3 is a stretching process, when the pre-charging in step 1 is finished, the voltage value at both sides of the capacitor of the dielectric elastomer is at the position of 1, when the capacitor of the dielectric elastomer is stretched, the voltage at both sides is reduced, when the voltage is reduced to any one internal capacitor voltage, the self-bias circuit is changed into a parallel high-capacitance state, as shown in the state marked by 2, the stretching is continued, and the self-bias circuit starts to charge the capacitor of the dielectric elastomer, as shown in fig. 14.
3-5 for the release process, the dielectric elastomer capacitor starts to retract, the voltage on both sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor increases, when the voltage on both sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor increases to the voltage of any one of the internal capacitors, the self-bias circuit is changed to the series high-voltage state, as shown by the state marked by 4, the self-bias circuit continues to retract, and the dielectric elastomer capacitor starts to charge the self-bias circuit, as shown in fig. 15.
In the figure, cs is used to indicate the internal capacitance of the self-bias circuit, C D For the dielectric elastomer capacitance values, Q and Q' represent the charge amount of the system. Through the switching of the self-bias circuit in the series and parallel modes, the separation of positive and negative charges is caused, the total charge quantity of the system is increased, and the voltage on two sides of the capacitance of the dielectric elastomer is improved (for example, the voltage value at the position marked 5 in fig. 12 is larger than the voltage value at the position marked 1 initially).
In the invention, the change of the capacitance between the dielectric elastomer capacitance and the self-bias circuit is utilized to realize the charge transfer between the two to generate current (such as the current value indicated by the dotted line in figure 12), and further, the invention can realize the high transferred charge amount of 25mC/m under the conditions of no source and low voltage 2 And a high energy output density of 105mJ/g.
The foregoing lists merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The dielectric elastomer energy collection system is characterized by comprising a small charge supply device (10), a dielectric elastomer capacitor (8), a self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit (9) and an external load;
the self-bias voltage stabilizing circuit (9) is connected in parallel to two sides of a power supply of the small charge supply device (10) and comprises a voltage stabilizing diode (6) and a self-bias circuit which is connected with the voltage stabilizing diode (6) in parallel, the self-bias circuit is composed of a plurality of internal capacitors (4) and internal diodes, and the internal capacitors are connected in series and parallel through the connection and disconnection of the internal diodes; the external load is connected with the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) in series and then connected with the voltage stabilizing diode (6) in parallel; the external load is a resistor device, a light emitting diode or a charging load consisting of a rectifier bridge and a capacitor;
the small charge supply device (10) comprises a power supply (7) and a rectifier bridge (5), the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the power supply are respectively connected to the input side of the rectifier bridge (5), and a voltage stabilizing diode (6) is connected to the output side of the rectifier bridge (5) in parallel;
the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is an elastic stretchable capacitor and consists of a dielectric elastomer (1) and variable electrodes (2) on two sides of the dielectric elastomer, and the dielectric elastomer (1) is an elastic stretchable material; when the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is in the stretching process, the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is converted into a parallel high-capacitance state, and the self-bias circuit outputs charges to the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8); when the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is in a contraction process, the internal capacitor in the self-bias circuit is converted into a series high voltage state, and the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) inputs charges to the self-bias circuit.
2. A dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric elastomer material is selected from any of silicone rubber, block copolymers, thermoplastic bioplastics, and the variable electrodes on both sides thereof are selected from any of conductive silicone grease, silver nanowires, hydrogels, and ionic conductors.
3. A dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier bridge is built up from four low on-voltage diodes.
4. A dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system according to claim 1, wherein the self-biasing circuit is of a first order form comprising two internal capacitors and three internal diodes;
the two internal capacitors are connected, and a first internal diode is connected between the two internal capacitors in series; a second internal diode is connected in parallel outside the branch where each internal capacitor and the first internal diode are located; the anode of the second internal diode is connected with the cathode of the first internal diode, and the cathode of the second internal diode is connected with the anode of the first internal diode;
when the first internal diode is conducted, the second internal diode is disconnected, and the two internal capacitors are connected in series; when the second internal diode is conducted, the first internal diode is disconnected, and the two internal capacitors are connected in parallel.
5. A dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the self-biasing circuit is of a second or multi-order form, comprising 2n internal capacitors and 2n +1 internal diodes, n being the order of the self-biasing circuit.
6. A method of energy harvesting based on the dielectric elastomer energy harvesting system of claim 1, comprising:
1) Starting a power supply (7), starting charging a dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) and an internal capacitor (4) in a self-bias circuit after current passes through a rectifier bridge (5) until the voltage at two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is stable, and taking the voltage value as an initial voltage;
2) The dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is stretched, the area of the dielectric elastomer (1) is enlarged under the action of external tensile force, the thickness is reduced, namely the distance between the variable electrodes (2) on the upper side and the lower side of the dielectric elastomer is reduced, the capacitance value of the dielectric elastomer is increased, the voltage value is reduced, when the voltage on the two sides of the dielectric elastomer (1) is reduced to any internal capacitor voltage, the self-bias circuit is converted into a parallel high-capacitance state, and at the moment, because the voltage values on the two sides of the self-bias circuit in a parallel mode are larger than the voltage value of a branch where the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is located, the self-bias circuit starts to charge the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) until the voltages on the two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) are stable; in the charging process, current is collected after flowing through an external load;
3) Releasing external tension, retracting the dielectric elastomer (1) in the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) along the direction of the variable electrodes, reducing the area of the dielectric elastomer capacitor, increasing the thickness, increasing the distance between the variable electrodes (2) at two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor, namely reducing the capacitance value of the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8), increasing the voltage value, and when the voltage at two sides of the dielectric elastomer (1) is increased to the voltage of any internal capacitor, converting the self-bias circuit into a series high-voltage state, wherein the voltage value of a branch where the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is located is greater than the voltage values at two sides of the self-bias circuit in the series mode, and starting charging the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) to the self-bias circuit until the voltages at two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) and the self-bias circuit in the series high-voltage state are equal; in the charging process, current is collected after flowing through an external load; through the switching of the self-bias circuit in the series and parallel modes, the separation of positive and negative charges is caused, the total charge quantity of the system is increased, and the voltage on two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor is improved;
4) Repeating the step 2) and the step 3), wherein the voltage on two sides of the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is continuously increased, and the energy collected by an external load connected in series with the dielectric elastomer capacitor (8) is continuously increased; the voltage on the two sides of the self-bias circuit is continuously increased, in order to prevent the dielectric elastomer from being broken down, the voltage stabilizing diode (6) is used for stabilizing the voltage, and the positive and negative charges can move in the dielectric elastomer capacitor and the self-bias circuit through the stretching-retracting operation of the dielectric elastomer (1), so that the external load can stably and continuously output energy.
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