CN113594683B - Quadrifilar helix antenna based on multiple loading structure - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quadrifilar helix antenna based on a multiple loading structure, which comprises a laminated cavity 1, a parasitic ring 2, a 'hat-shaped' parasitic structure 3, a double-layer feed network 4, a reflection floor 5 and a helix antenna component 6. The quadrifilar helix antenna is mounted at the very center of the platform 7. The laminated cavity 1 is the outermost layer of the quadrifilar helical antenna, and the helical antenna component 6, the parasitic ring 2 and the hat-shaped parasitic structure 3 are sequentially arranged in the laminated cavity 1. Because the coupling current generated on the surfaces of the parasitic circular ring 2 and the hat-shaped metal structure 3 guides part of the radiation energy to the wide-angle direction, the low elevation gain near the horizontal plane of the antenna is increased. The laminated cavity 1 chokes the coupling current excited by the helical antenna assembly at the surface of the platform 7, thereby attenuating the influence of the platform 7 on the broad beam radiation pattern of the quadrifilar helical antenna. The antenna can be used as a ground terminal antenna in a satellite-ground communication system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and further relates to a quadrifilar helical antenna based on a multiple loading structure in a helical antenna. The invention can be used as a ground terminal antenna in a satellite-ground communication system.
Background
The antenna is an important component in the satellite-ground communication system, and directly influences the performance of the whole system. Therefore, the research on the antenna applied to the satellite-ground communication system is very important. A ground-side antenna for satellite-to-ground communication needs to implement communication with ground-side equipment and satellite-side equipment. When the ground-end antenna communicates with ground-end equipment, the ground-end antenna mainly depends on a low-elevation signal close to the ground in vertical linear polarization, and the zenith signal is easy to receive and transmit but has little effect on communication with the ground-end equipment in satellite-ground communication. To improve the reliability of communications with terrestrial devices, antennas used for satellite-to-ground communications have high low elevation gain. Therefore, how to improve the low elevation gain of the ground-end antenna in satellite-ground communication when communicating with the ground-end device is the first technical problem to be solved urgently at present.
Meanwhile, in order to improve the reliability of the ground-side antenna in communication with the satellite, the ground-side antenna for satellite-ground communication should also have good circular polarization performance. Because the working environment of most antennas is a depolarization environment, the polarization mode of the antenna can be changed, and the circularly polarized antenna has the characteristics of being capable of receiving randomly polarized electromagnetic waves and receiving circularly polarized waves radiated by the randomly polarized antenna, and can effectively inhibit multipath effects and Faraday rotation effects generated in an ionosphere. The ground-side antenna for satellite-ground communication implements circular polarization in the form of a quadrifilar helical antenna, which can form a "heart-shaped" circular polarization wide beam pattern, but if installed on a large installation platform, the circular polarization radiation pattern of the antenna is distorted, for example: narrowing the beam width results in reduced low elevation gain, a depression in the pattern top, etc. Therefore, how to reduce the influence of a large installation platform on the radiation pattern of the ground-end antenna is a second technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
In summary, as a ground-side antenna applied to satellite-ground communication, it is necessary to have a high linear polarization low elevation gain for communication with ground equipment and a wide-beam circularly polarized radiation pattern capable of adapting to a large installation platform when communicating with satellite equipment.
The patent document "a satellite-borne miniaturized dual-band quadrifilar helix antenna" (patent application No. 201910883603.3, application publication No. CN 110611162A) applied by the seian matrix radio technology ltd discloses a satellite-borne miniaturized dual-band quadrifilar helix antenna. The antenna uses a one-to-four feed network to form circular polarization for four rectangular radiation feeds, and the circular polarization gain at an elevation angle of +/-30 degrees is larger than 0dBi and the linear polarization gain is larger than-3 dBi by adjusting parameters such as the thread pitch, the number of turns and the like of the rectangular radiation arms of the four-arm spiral antenna. The antenna has the defects that the antenna gain has physical limit due to the limitation of the section height and the transverse size of the antenna only by adjusting parameters such as the screw pitch, the number of turns and the like of the rectangular radiation arm of the quadrifilar helical antenna, so that the mode cannot meet the gain requirement of the ground-end antenna at a low elevation angle in satellite-ground communication. Therefore, the antenna has the problem that the gain requirement of the ground-end antenna at a low elevation angle in satellite-ground communication is not met.
A dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna having a wide beam characteristic is disclosed in "a dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna having a wide beam characteristic" patent document filed by university of maritime affairs (patent application No. 201910563961.6, application publication No. CN 110247169 a). The antenna uses a one-to-four feed network to feed four double-strip spiral arms to realize circular polarization and double-band characteristics, and the top of the antenna adopts a bent radiation arm structure to obtain half-power beam width larger than 115 degrees. The antenna has the disadvantages that when the antenna is installed on a large installation platform, the installation platform is made of metal materials and is too large in size, so that the antenna can generate strong coupling current on the surface of the installation platform, an original radiation field is influenced by the large installation platform, an original wide-beam circularly polarized radiation directional diagram can generate distortion, the problems that the beam width of the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation directional diagram is narrowed, and the top of the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation directional diagram is sunken exist, so that the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation directional diagram of the antenna is greatly influenced by the large installation platform. Therefore, the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation pattern of the antenna has the problem of being greatly influenced by a large installation platform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quadrifilar helix antenna based on a multiple loading structure aiming at the defects of the prior art, and solves the problems that when the prior quadrifilar helix antenna is used as a ground end antenna, the gain at a low elevation angle cannot meet the requirement of communication with ground equipment, and the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation pattern of the prior quadrifilar helix antenna is greatly influenced by a large installation platform.
To achieve the above object, the idea of the present invention is to improve the gain of the antenna at low elevation angles by loading a parasitic ring and a "hat-shaped" parasitic structure around the helical antenna component. The parasitic circular ring and the vertical part of the hat-shaped metal structure can be regarded as a radiation director, and coupling current generated on the surface of the radiation director leads partial radiation energy to the wide-angle direction, so that the radiation energy distribution of the original wide-angle direction of the antenna is enhanced, the low elevation gain near the horizontal plane is increased, and the problem that the gain at the low elevation cannot meet the communication requirement with ground equipment when the existing four-arm spiral antenna is used as a ground-end antenna is solved. According to the invention, the laminated cavity is loaded below the helical antenna assembly, so that the laminated cavity restrains the coupling current excited by the helical antenna assembly on the surface of the large mounting platform, the radiation energy of the surface of the large mounting platform is reduced, and the influence of the large mounting platform on the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation directional diagram of the four-arm helical antenna is weakened. Therefore, the invention solves the problem that the wide-beam circularly polarized radiation directional diagram of the existing four-arm helical antenna is greatly influenced by a large installation platform.
In order to achieve the purpose, the antenna comprises a double-layer feed network, a reflection floor, a spiral antenna component and a multi-loading structure consisting of a laminated cavity, a parasitic circular ring and a hat-shaped parasitic structure; the four-arm helical antenna is arranged in the right center of the platform; the laminated cavity is the outermost layer of the four-arm helical antenna, and the metal column and the three layers of nested cavities are welded at the bottom of the laminated cavity from bottom to top in sequence; the parasitic ring is arranged between the helical antenna component and the hat-shaped parasitic structure; the hat-shaped parasitic structure arranged at the right center of the antenna is composed of a vertical ring part and a horizontal ring part which are printed on a cylindrical dielectric substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
first, due to the parasitic ring and the hat-shaped parasitic structure loaded by the antenna of the present invention, coupling currents are generated on the parasitic ring and the hat-shaped parasitic structure, so that part of the radiation energy is directed to the wide-angle direction, the radiation energy distribution in the original wide-angle direction of the antenna is enhanced, and the low elevation gain near the antenna horizontal plane is increased, thereby making up the defect that the gain of the far-field pattern of the antenna in the prior art is low at a low elevation angle, and solving the problem that the gain at the low elevation angle cannot meet the requirement of communication with ground equipment when the existing quadrifilar helix antenna is used as a ground-end antenna, so that the low elevation gain of the antenna near the horizontal plane is increased, and the requirement of low elevation gain when the ground-end antenna is communicated with the ground equipment in satellite-ground communication can be met.
Secondly, due to the laminated cavity loaded by the antenna, the laminated cavity restrains the coupling current excited by the helical antenna assembly on the surface of the large installation platform, reduces the radiation energy on the surface of the large installation platform, weakens the influence of the large installation platform on the wide beam radiation pattern of the four-arm helical antenna, and solves the problem that the wide beam radiation pattern of the existing four-arm helical antenna is greatly influenced by the large installation platform, so that the antenna can be suitable for the large installation platform and can meet the requirement of a ground end antenna in a satellite-ground communication system on the wide beam radiation pattern when the ground end antenna is installed on the large platform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stacked cavity structure according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a parasitic ring and a "hat-shaped" parasitic structure in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-layer feeding network and a reflective floor in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a helical antenna assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a far field radiation pattern of the simulation results of the present invention when the antenna is not mounted on the platform 7; wherein, fig. 6(a) is a linear polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 0 °, fig. 6(b) is a linear polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 90 °, fig. 6(c) is a circular polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 0 °, and fig. 6(d) is a circular polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 90 °;
FIG. 7 is a far field radiation pattern of the simulation results of the present invention when the antenna is mounted on platform 7; fig. 7(a) is a linear polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 0 °, fig. 7(b) is a linear polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 90 °, fig. 7(c) is a circular polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 0 °, and fig. 7(d) is a circular polarization radiation pattern of the simulation result of the present invention in the plane of Φ 90 °.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The overall structure of the antenna of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 1.
The antenna comprises a laminated cavity 1, a parasitic ring 2, a hat-shaped parasitic structure 3, a double-layer feed network 4, a reflective floor 5 and a spiral antenna component 6. The quadrifilar helix antenna is mounted in the centre of the platform 7. The laminated cavity 1 is the outermost layer of the quadrifilar helical antenna, and a helical antenna component 6, a parasitic circular ring 2 and a hat-shaped parasitic structure 3 are sequentially arranged in the laminated cavity 1; the circle centers of the laminated cavity 1, the spiral antenna assembly 6, the parasitic circular ring 2 and the hat-shaped parasitic structure 3 are superposed; cylindrical steps are etched in the laminated cavity 1, the cylindrical steps are provided with a reflecting floor 5 and a double-layer feed network 4, and the reflecting floor 5 is positioned in the middle of the double-layer feed network 4; the materials of the laminated cavity 1, the parasitic ring 2, the hat-shaped parasitic structure 3, the reflective floor 5 and the platform 7 are all metal, and the five materials are made of the same metal material. Since copper has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and its electrical conductivity and heat transfer coefficient are inferior to those of silver, and higher than those of all other metals, in view of cost, the materials of the laminated cavity 1, the parasitic ring 2, the "hat-shaped" parasitic structure 3, the reflective floor 5 and the platform 7 of the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention are all made of copper.
The laminated cavity 1 of the antenna of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 2.
And the bottom 15 of the laminated cavity 1 is welded with a metal column 14 and three layers of nested cavities 11, 12 and 13 in sequence from bottom to top. Twelve grooves 16 with the same size and shape are uniformly etched on the side wall of the cavity 11, and a cylindrical step is etched inside the cavity 11 for supportingSupporting the upper antenna structure. The height of the laminated cavity 1 is 45 mm-70 mm, the radius is 100 mm-120 mm, and the wall thickness W of the cavity is11 mm-4 mm, the interval d between cavities of each layer is 1 mm-4 mm, and the height H of the groove (16)15 mm-15 mm, width W 25 mm-15 mm, height H of the cylindrical step 215 mm-30 mm, thickness W3Is 1 mm-5 mm. The laminated cavity 1 of the antenna in the embodiment of the invention has the height of 60mm, the radius of 180mm and the wall thickness W of the cavity12.5mm, the spacing d between cavities of each layer is 3mm, and the height H of the groove 161Is 12mm and has a width W2Is 10mm, the height H of the cylindrical step2Is 23.5mm, and has a thickness W3Is 5 mm.
The parasitic ring 2 and the "hat" parasitic structure 3 of the antenna of the invention will be further described with reference to fig. 3.
The parasitic ring 2 is arranged between the helical antenna assembly 6 and the hat-shaped parasitic structure, and the height between the parasitic ring 2 and the double-layer feed network 4 is H4Width W of parasitic ring 242 mm-8 mm, radius R240 mm-50 mm, and a height H from the double-layer feed network 44Is 2 mm-8 mm. The 'hat-shaped' parasitic structure 3 consists of a vertical ring part 31 printed on a cylindrical dielectric substrate 33 and a double-layer network 4 with the height H5The horizontal ring portion 32 of (a) is formed by the radius of the vertical ring and the inner diameter R of the horizontal ring 110 mm-20 mm, the outer diameter R of the horizontal ring 330 mm-45 mm, height H from the double-layer feed network 45Is 30 mm-40 mm. The width W of the parasitic ring 2 of the antenna in the embodiment of the invention4Is 4mm, radius R249mm, and a height H from the double-layer feed network 445mm, the radius of the vertical ring and the inner diameter R of the horizontal ring120mm, outer diameter R of the horizontal ring338mm, height H from the double layer feed network 45Is 35 mm.
The dual layer feed network 4 of the antenna of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 4.
The double-layer feed network 4 consists of a feed network 41 positioned on the upper layer of the reflecting floor 5 and a feed network 42 positioned on the lower layer of the reflecting floor 5The power supply network 41 is printed on the upper layer of the dielectric substrate 43, and the power supply network 42 is printed on the lower layer of the dielectric substrate 44. Line width W of the feed networks 41, 426The thickness of the feed network is 0.6 mm-3 mm, the output port of the feed network 41 is welded with the leaf- shaped vibrators 61 and 62, and the output port of the feed network 42 is welded with the leaf- shaped vibrators 63 and 64. The dielectric substrates 43 and 44 are made of FR4-epoxy having a relative dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent angle of 0.02, and a radius R of the dielectric substrates 43 and 444Is 60 mm-80 mm. The three structures of dielectric substrates 43, 44 and the reflective floor 5 are fixed together by 24 small metallized circular holes 47. Line width W of feed networks 41, 42 of the antenna in the embodiment of the invention61.5mm, radius R of the dielectric substrates 43 and 444Is 75 mm.
The helical antenna assembly 6 of the antenna of the present invention is further described with reference to figure 5.
The helical antenna assembly 6 is composed of four leaf-shaped vibrators 61, 62, 63 and 64 with the same size and shape, which are uniformly printed on a cylindrical dielectric substrate 65. The plate material adopted by the cylindrical dielectric substrate 65 is Rogers RO4003, the relative dielectric constant of the plate material is 3.55, the loss tangent angle of the plate material is 0.0027, and the radius R of the cylindrical dielectric substrate 65 is6Is 40 mm-65 mm. Radius R of cylindrical dielectric substrate 65 of antenna in the embodiment of the present invention6Is 57 mm.
The effect of the present invention will be further described with reference to the simulation experiment of the present invention.
1. Simulation and test contents:
the simulation experiments of the invention are totally two. The simulation experiment 1 is a simulation of far-field radiation patterns at frequencies of 0.96GHz, 1.024GHz, 1.08GHz, 1.136GHz, and 1.224GHz when the antenna of the present invention is not mounted on the platform 7. Simulation experiment 2 is a simulation of far-field radiation patterns at frequencies of 0.96GHz, 1.024GHz, 1.08GHz, 1.136GHz, and 1.224GHz when the antenna of the present invention is mounted on the platform 7. The far field radiation pattern reflects the low elevation gain and beam coverage of the antenna.
Simulation experiment 1, a far-field radiation pattern of the antenna of the present invention when not mounted on the platform 7 was simulated using commercial simulation software HFSS — 19.0, and the result is shown in fig. 6.
As can be seen from fig. 6(a), in simulation experiment 1 of the present invention, the m1 dotted line polarization gain of the antenna at the elevation angle of 0 ° at the elevation plane Φ of 0 ° is ≧ 2.1dB, the m2 dotted line polarization gain is ≥ 2.4dB, the m3 dotted line polarization gain at the elevation angle of 20 ° is ≥ 0.4dB, and the m4 dotted line polarization gain is ≥ 1 dB. As can be seen from fig. 6(b), in the simulation experiment 1 of the present invention, the m1 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-2 dB, the m2 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-2.7 dB at the elevation angle of the plane with the elevation angle of 90 ° Φ, the m3 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-0.5 dB at the elevation angle of 20 °, and the m4 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-0.8 dB. As can be seen from FIG. 6(c), in simulation experiment 1 of the present invention, the antenna has circular polarization gain at m1 point at 20 ° elevation angle of plane at 0 ° elevation angle phi ≧ 0.5dBic, and circular polarization gain at m2 point ≧ 0.5 dBic. As can be seen from FIG. 6(d), in simulation experiment 1 of the present invention, the antenna has circular polarization gain at m1 point at 20 ° elevation angle of plane at 90 ° elevation angle phi ≧ 0.7dBic, and circular polarization gain at m2 point ≧ 0.5 dBic. Compared with the low elevation gain disclosed by a dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna (patent application number: 201910883603.3, application publication number: CN 110611162A) in the prior art, the low elevation gain of the antenna is obviously improved, the low elevation gain of the antenna can meet the low elevation gain requirement of a ground terminal antenna in satellite-ground communication, the problem that the low elevation gain of the existing quadrifilar helix antenna cannot meet the communication requirement with ground equipment when the existing quadrifilar helix antenna is used as the ground terminal antenna is solved, and the low elevation gain requirement of the ground terminal antenna in satellite-ground communication when the ground terminal antenna is communicated with the ground equipment can be met.
The prior art refers to a satellite-borne miniaturized dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna disclosed in the patent document "a satellite-borne miniaturized dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna" (patent application number: 201910883603.3, application publication number: CN 110611162A) applied by the seian matrix radio technology limited company.
As can be seen from fig. 7(a), in simulation experiment 2 of the present invention, m1 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-2.7 dB, m2 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-2.7 dB at a plane elevation angle of 0 ° with a pitching plane Φ being 0 °, m3 dotted line polarization gain is not less than 0.7dB at an elevation angle of 20 °, and m4 dotted line polarization gain is not less than 0.1 dB. As can be seen from fig. 7(b), in simulation experiment 2 of the present invention, the m1 linear polarization gain of the antenna at the elevation angle of 0 ° of the plane with the elevation angle of 90 ° phi is not less than-2.2 dB, the m2 dotted line polarization gain is not less than-2.6 dB, the m3 dotted line polarization gain at the elevation angle of 20 ° is not less than 0.7dB, and the m4 dotted line polarization gain is not less than 0 dB. As can be seen from FIG. 7(c), in simulation experiment 2 of the present invention, the circular polarization gain at m1 at 20 ° of the elevation angle of the plane with elevation angle of 0 ° at Φ of the elevation angle of the antenna is greater than or equal to 0.2dBic, the circular polarization gain at m2 is greater than or equal to-0.6 dBic, the circular polarization gain at m3 at 53 ° of the elevation angle is greater than or equal to-1.5 dBic, and the circular polarization gain at m4 is greater than or equal to-0.9 dBic. As can be seen from FIG. 7(d), in simulation experiment 2 of the present invention, the circular polarization gain at m1 is greater than or equal to 0dBic, the circular polarization gain at m2 is greater than or equal to-0.4 dBic at the elevation angle of 20 ° of the plane with the elevation angle of 90 ° phi, the circular polarization gain at m3 is greater than or equal to-1.8 dBic and the circular polarization gain at m4 is greater than or equal to-1.6 dBic at the elevation angle of 53 °. Compared with a wide beam radiation pattern disclosed by a dual-frequency four-arm helical antenna (patent application number: 201910563961.6, application publication number: CN 110247169A) with wide beam characteristics in the prior art, the wide beam radiation pattern of the antenna disclosed by the invention is less influenced by a platform when the antenna is installed on the platform 7.
The prior art refers to a dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna with wide beam characteristics disclosed in a patent document "a dual-frequency quadrifilar helix antenna with wide beam characteristics" applied by university of maritime (patent application No. 201910563961.6, application publication No. CN 110247169 a).
Compared with the low elevation gain disclosed by the prior art, the low elevation gain of the antenna can meet the low elevation gain requirement of a ground terminal antenna in satellite-ground communication, the problem that the low elevation gain of the existing quadrifilar helix antenna cannot meet the communication requirement with ground equipment when used as the ground terminal antenna is solved, and the low elevation gain requirement of the ground terminal antenna in satellite-ground communication when the ground terminal antenna is communicated with the ground equipment can be met. Compared with the wide-beam radiation pattern disclosed by the prior art, the wide-beam radiation pattern of the antenna is less influenced by the platform when the antenna is installed on the platform 7.
Claims (5)
1. A quadrifilar helix antenna based on a multiple loading structure comprises a double-layer feed network (4), a reflection floor (5) and a helix antenna component (6); the device is characterized by also comprising a multiple loading structure consisting of a laminated cavity (1), a parasitic ring (2) and a hat-shaped parasitic structure (3); the four-arm helical antenna is arranged in the center of the platform (7); the laminated cavity (1) is the outermost layer of the quadrifilar helical antenna, and a helical antenna component (6), a parasitic circular ring (2) and a hat-shaped parasitic structure (3) are sequentially arranged in the laminated cavity (1); the circle centers of the laminated cavity (1), the spiral antenna assembly (6), the parasitic circular ring (2) and the hat-shaped parasitic structure (3) are superposed; cylindrical steps are etched in the laminated cavity (1), a reflecting floor (5) and a double-layer feed network (4) are arranged on the cylindrical steps, and the reflecting floor (5) is positioned in the middle of the double-layer feed network (4); the laminated cavity (1), the parasitic ring (2), the hat-shaped parasitic structure (3), the reflective floor (5) and the platform (7) are made of metal, and the five materials are made of the same metal material; the bottom of the laminated cavity (1) is welded with a metal column (14) and three layers of nested cavities (11), (12) and (13) in sequence from bottom to top; the parasitic ring (2) is arranged between the helical antenna component (6) and the hat-shaped parasitic structure; the hat-shaped parasitic structure (3) arranged at the center of the quadrifilar helix antenna is composed of a vertical ring part (31) printed on a cylindrical dielectric substrate (33) and a horizontal ring part (32) which is H5 away from the double-layer feed network (4); the spiral antenna component (6) is composed of four leaf-shaped vibrators (61), (62), (63) and (64) which are uniformly printed on a cylindrical dielectric substrate (65) and have the same size and shape.
2. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on the multiple loading structure of claim 1, wherein the helical antenna component (6), the parasitic ring (2) and the hat-shaped parasitic structure (3) are arranged in the laminated cavity (1) in sequence, the height of the laminated cavity (1) is 45 mm-70 mm, the radius is 100 mm-120 mm, and the wall thickness W of the cavity is W11 mm-4 mm, the interval d between every two layers of cavities is 1 mm-4 mm, twelve grooves (16) with the same size and shape are uniformly etched on the side wall of the cavity (11), a cylindrical step is etched inside the cavity (11) for supporting the upper antenna structure, and the height H of each groove (16) is equal to that of the upper antenna structure15 mm-15 mm in width W25 mm-15 mm, height H of the cylindrical step215 mm-30 mm, thickness W3Is 1 mm-5 mm.
3. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on multiple loading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the width W of the parasitic ring (2)42 mm-8 mm, radius R240 mm-50 mm, and the height from the feed network (4) is H4Is 2 mm-8 mm.
4. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on multiple loading structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the "hat-shaped" parasitic structure (3) has a radius of the vertical circle and an inner diameter R of the horizontal circle110 mm-20 mm, the outer diameter R of the horizontal ring330 mm-45 mm, height H from the double-layer feed network (4)5Is 30 mm-40 mm.
5. The quadrifilar helix antenna based on the multiple loading structure according to the claim 1, wherein the double-layer feed network (4) is composed of a feed network (41) which is positioned on the upper layer of the reflecting floor (5) and a feed network (42) which is positioned on the lower layer of the reflecting floor (5), the feed network (41) is printed on the upper layer of the dielectric substrate (43), and the feed network (42) is printed on the lower layer of the dielectric substrate (44).
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