CN113588830A

CN113588830A - Screening identification and confirmation standard, screening method and kit for common toxicants

Info

Publication number: CN113588830A
Application number: CN202110885317.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邹晓莉; 任建伟; 赵璇; 罗新月; 骆春迎; 徐布一; 王欢博; 李卓雅; 黄馨仪; 郑波; 张启福
Original assignee: Sichuan University
Current assignee: Sichuan University
Priority date: 2021-08-03
Filing date: 2021-08-03
Publication date: 2021-11-02

Abstract

The application discloses screening identification and confirmation standards, screening methods and kits for common poisons, wherein the screening identification and confirmation standards for common poisons comprise: precursor ions m/z were used for identification, where threshold coverage was > 5000, signal to noise ratio threshold > 5, and mass deviation < 5 ppm; retention time is used for confirmation, wherein window coverage is ± 1 min; fragment ions were used for confirmation, where the minimum number of fragment ions was 1, the peak intensity threshold was 1000, and MS Order was set as MS²(ii) a Isotope patterns were used for confirmation, where the match threshold was > 70%, the allowable mass deviation, and the allowable intensity deviation was < 20%. When a poisoning event occurs and a judicial poison is detected, the database can realize quick, accurate and broad-spectrum screening of organic poisons with poisoning levels.

Description

Screening identification and confirmation standard, screening method and kit for common toxicants

Technical Field

The application belongs to the field of poison screening, relates to poison exposure and screening of toxic biomarker, and particularly relates to a kit-based ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole rod orbit trap mass spectrum rapid screening method for 354 common organic poisons in blood, urine and hair.

Background

In recent years, poisoning events have been frequent and have a high mortality rate. In China, poisoning is the leading cause of death in public health events, and the number of poisoned deaths accounts for more than 10% of the total deaths, wherein the proportion of poisoning events caused by organic poisons is higher and higher, and the number of poisoned deaths is rising continuously. The organic toxicants causing the poisoning mainly comprise medicines, pesticides, alcohol, veterinary medicines, raticide, toxic alkaloid, mycotoxin and the like, and about 60 percent of poisoning deaths are related to the organic toxicants. In foreign countries, poisoning caused by organic poisons is also not negligible. According to the data of the american society for toxicant control center, the first five toxicants causing intoxication were all organic toxicants, such as analgesics, household cleaners, cosmetics, sedative-hypnotic antipsychotics and antidepressants. Analgesics (mainly opioids, including prescribed opioids and opioid drugs) are the leading cause of drug overdose death, and the combined use of benzodiazepines, antidepressants and psychostimulants increases the risk of drug overdose death.

The toxic organic matter is often sudden, has poor predictability and has high death rate, and the principle of treatment is that symptomatic treatment is usually selected firstly to maintain life, and then diagnosis is made according to clinical experience, epidemic history and inspection reports and targeted treatment is provided. The poison analysis and identification can provide a basis for targeted treatment, and the rapid and accurate poison analysis and identification can greatly improve the success rate of the treatment of the poisoning. Common poison analysis and identification methods include liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, immunization, spectrometry and the like. The immunization method is low in price, convenient to carry and simple to operate, is mostly used for field rapid screening, but is easy to have false positive, so that the laboratory method is required to be adopted for confirmation. The chromatography-mass spectrometry has the advantages of good resolution, high sensitivity, strong specificity and the like, and is often used as a laboratory confirmation method. Spectroscopy is also widely used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of poisons, commonly known as ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). Among them, UV-VIS specificity is poor and used for preliminary identification, and IR and RS have good specificity and are used for confirmation. However, most of the existing methods are targeted analysis, and target poisons or suspected poisons are detected and identified one by one in a targeted manner. With the development of industrial and agricultural industries, the variety of organic chemical toxicants is increasing, new toxicants appear continuously, when no determined target analyte or suspected substance exists, the toxicant causing poisoning is determined, targeting analysis is adopted like a large sea fishing needle, the workload is huge, the detection efficiency is obviously insufficient, the discovery capability of the new toxicants is weak, and the requirements of clinical and forensic toxicant analysis and identification cannot be met sometimes. The non-target analysis method can realize high-efficiency broad-spectrum poison screening, can detect huge amount of poisons simultaneously, and has good novel poison discovery capability; the high resolution mass spectrometry is one of the most applied technologies in non-targeted analysis, and accurate poison identification can be realized by combining a chromatographic technology with high separation efficiency and a proper sample pretreatment means, combining a chromatographic mass spectrometry database and assisting with retrieval software and adopting a certain identification standard. At present, the screening method of the high-resolution mass spectrum of the organic toxicants in the biological samples is rare, the method focuses on the analysis and identification of a certain type of toxicants, the database information is incomplete, the detection efficiency is improved compared with the traditional targeted detection method, but the actual requirements can not be met sometimes, and the reported methods have different sample treatment methods and can not realize standardization. Under the background, an efficient, rapid and broad-spectrum screening method for common organic toxicants in biological samples is urgently needed to be established, the method can be used in the fields of clinical poisoning and forensic toxicant analysis, is simple and easy to operate, can standardize the flow, can meet the requirement of conventional poisoning detection, is capable of discovering unknown toxicants and novel toxicants, and can realize retrospective analysis. No good solution exists in the prior literature reports.

The foregoing background is provided to facilitate an understanding of the present application and is not admitted to be prior art by the present application.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above problems, in one aspect, the present application provides a screening, identifying and confirming standard for common toxicants, which is used for screening toxic patients or toxicants taking people to rapidly and accurately screen organic toxicants.

The screening identification and confirmation standard of the common toxicant comprises the following steps:

precursor ions m/z were used for identification, where threshold coverage was > 5000, signal to noise ratio threshold > 5, and mass deviation < 5 ppm;

retention time is used for confirmation, wherein window coverage is ± 1 min;

fragment ions were used for confirmation, where the minimum number of fragment ions was 1, the peak intensity threshold was 1000, and MS Order was set as MS²；

Isotope distributions were used for confirmation, where the matching threshold > 70%, the allowed mass deviation, and the allowed intensity deviation < 20%.

In one aspect, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.

A computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned screening identification and confirmation criteria for common toxicants.

On one hand, the application also provides a special kit for the rapid screening method of common toxicants.

A special kit for a rapid screening method of common toxicants comprises a sample treatment kit, wherein an acidic regulator, an alkaline regulator, an extraction reagent, a redissolution reagent, a first hair-like detergent, a second hair-like detergent, a hair-like extraction reagent and an instruction for sample treatment are filled in the sample treatment kit.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, the kit further comprises a chromatography mass spectrometry kit, wherein the chromatography mass spectrometry kit comprises an organic phase, an aqueous phase, a chromatographic column and instructions for use in chromatography mass spectrometry.

In one aspect, the present application further provides a rapid screening method for common toxicants.

A rapid screening method for common toxicants comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting a sample of a poisoned patient or a drug addict;

(2) processing a sample of a poisoning patient or a drug addict;

(3) analyzing by liquid chromatography-orbital trap mass spectrometry;

(4) analyzing and collecting data in a primary full-scanning/data-dependent secondary full-scanning mode, acquiring accurate m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope distribution of precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of an analyte by using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0, comparing the acquired data with a database for rapidly screening common toxicants, and performing matching identification according to screening identification and confirmation standards of the common toxicants in the right 1;

(5) and confirming what poison is poisoned or what drug is inhaled according to the matching identification result.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, the database for rapid screening of common toxicants is established by the following steps:

s11, selecting common toxicants as to-be-detected toxicants, and acquiring name and/or molecular formula and/or CAS number information of the to-be-detected toxicants;

s12, preparing a standard solution of the poison to be detected;

s13, injecting a Q active Plus Orbitrap HPLC-HRMS system;

s14, acquiring accurate m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope distribution information of precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of the poison to be detected;

and (4) importing the information of S15, S11 and S14 into a database for screening toxicants.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in S12, the poison standard solution to be tested is a standard solution prepared by methanol-water to contain a poison to be tested.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in S14, the acquiring is performed by using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 for analysis in full scan mode.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in S15, the information import of S11 and S14 establishes a database for screening toxicants, and the information import of S11 and S14 establishes a database for screening toxicants for TraceFinder 5.1.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in the step (1), the collecting of the sample of the toxic patient is collecting a sample of serum of clinical acute toxic patient, and the collecting of the sample of the drug addict is collecting one or more of a blood sample, a urine sample and a hair sample of the drug addict.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in the (2), the serum sample treatment method is: adding an acidic pH regulator into a serum sample to regulate the serum sample to be acidic, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the serum sample, and transferring an extract; adding an alkaline pH regulator into the residual solution after extraction to regulate the solution to be alkaline, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the solution, and transferring the extraction solution; combining the extracts, blowing the extracts with gas, adding a serum redissolving solvent into the residue, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in the (2), the urine sample treatment method is: adding an acidic pH regulator into a urine sample to regulate the urine sample to be acidic, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the urine sample, and transferring an extraction solution; adding an alkaline pH regulator into the residual solution after extraction to adjust the solution to be alkaline, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the solution, and transferring the extraction solution; combining the extracts, blowing the extracts with gas, adding a urine sample redissolving solvent into the residue, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in the (2), the hair sample treatment method is: and taking a hair sample, sequentially using a first detergent and a second detergent for oscillation washing twice, drying in the air, cutting into sections, weighing, adding a hair sample extraction reagent, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice bath, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant.

In one or more specific embodiments of the present application, in the (3), the liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis is:

the chromatographic conditions are as follows: a PFP chromatography column; the mobile phase consists of an organic phase and an aqueous phase; the gradient elution procedure was as follows: 0-0.5min, 5 v/v% A; 0.5-10min, 5 v/v% -95 v/v% A; holding with 95 v/v% A for 5 min; equilibrate with 5 v/v% A for 5min before the next injection. Using analysis software Xcaliibur 4.0 to control HPLC and obtain data;

the mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the mass spectrometer is provided with an ESI source, and a positive ion mode and a negative ion mode are adopted in an experiment; performing blank sample analysis before sample determination, wherein target toxicants are not detected in the blank sample; the parameters for the HESI-II source are set as follows: the sheath gas flow rate is 50.00arbitrary units (au), the auxiliary gas flow rate is 12.50au, the purge gas flow rate is 0au, the S-Lens RF Level is 55.00, the electrospray voltage is 3.5kV (+) and 3.0kV (-), the capillary temperature and the auxiliary gas Heater temperature are both 350 ℃, and the Probe Heater temperature (Probe Heater temp.) is 425 ℃; the Exclusion list (Exclusion list) is set to "on" to avoid interference with the sample matrix; use of Full MS/dd-MS²Mode acquisition data, for Full MS, acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 120-1300, resolution of 70000, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) target of 3 × 10⁶The maximum sample introduction time (MIT) is 100 ms; for dd-MS²Scan, resolution 17500, AGC target 1 × 10⁵MIT of 50ms, Loop count of 10, TopN of 10, Isolation window of 1.6m/z, intensity threshold of 5 × 10³The Apex trigger (Apex trigger) is 0.1 to 10 seconds, and the Dynamic exclusion (Dynamic exclusion) is set to 10 seconds; isotope exclusion settings are "on", Collision Energy (CE) 20, 30 and 40ev, If idle (If idle.) is set to Pick others, run time 0-20 min; mass calibration was performed on the instrument every three days using Pierce ESI positive and negative ion calibration solutions; the Xcaliibur 4.0 software is used for instrument control and data acquisition, and the TraceFinder 5.1 software is used for target poison screening.

The invention principle and the beneficial effects are as follows:

the method can realize quick, accurate and broad-spectrum screening of organic toxicants with poisoning level when poisoning events occur and judicial toxicants are detected. The method is suitable for various biological samples, comprises a plurality of types of organic toxicants (22 drugs, 33 drugs, 248 pesticides, 12 rodenticides, 4 veterinary drugs, 13 toxic alkaloids and 22 mycotoxins) with high poisoning occurrence frequency, and constructs a complete chromatographic mass spectrum database; the design and use of the chromatographic mass spectrometry and sample processing kit can realize the standardized operation of clinical and judicial tests, and obtain stable results and high screening sensitivity and accuracy.

The present application constructs a complete chromatographic mass spectral database containing the exact m/z, retention time, isotopic distribution of the precursor and characteristic fragment ions. The database is obtained through actual analysis, the data obtained by the sample is compared with the database constructed by people, and the identification and screening of common organic toxicants can be realized by combining the identification standard provided by the method, so that the work efficiency of identification and the accuracy of screening are greatly improved.

According to the method, through the analysis of an actual sample, a poison identification standard meeting the actual analysis is formulated, the steps are operated one by one to obtain the chromatographic mass spectrum data of the sample, and the chromatographic mass spectrum data is compared with the chromatographic mass spectrum database constructed by the method, so that the rapid and accurate screening of the poison can be realized.

The method is optimized in the aspects of chromatographic mass spectrometry conditions and sample treatment, the corresponding kit is designed, and the sensitivity, accuracy and repeatability of the method are ensured through repeated analysis of various labeled samples and actual samples.

The application designs the sample treatment kit, can carry out the processing of serum, urine sample and send out the appearance according to the specification, easy operation, and operating personnel is easily handed, can realize the flow standardization. By adopting the sample processing flow, only 1ml of serum and urine samples and 20mg of hair samples are needed, higher extraction efficiency and lower matrix effect can be obtained, and the detection sensitivity of each target poison can meet the requirement of quick screening under the poisoning level.

The application designs a chromatographic mass spectrometry kit, can accomplish chromatographic mass spectrometry according to the instruction, has simplified the experimental procedure, has improved work efficiency, can realize the flow standardization. The reversed-phase chromatographic separation is adopted, and the chromatographic column has better separation efficiency on substances containing polar groups such as halogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl, nitro or amino, the interference caused by the matrix effect of the sample is further reduced, the simultaneous screening and identification of various poisons can be completed within 20min, and the sensitivity and the working efficiency of the method are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an extracted ion chromatogram of a serum sample from a bromadiolone intoxication patient;

FIG. 2 is a first order mass spectrum of a bromadiolone toxic human serum sample;

FIG. 3 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of a serum sample from a patient suffering from bromadiolone poisoning;

FIG. 4 is an extracted ion chromatogram of a serum sample from a patient suffering from carbofuran poisoning;

FIG. 5 is a primary mass spectrum of a serum sample from a patient suffering from carbofuran poisoning;

FIG. 6 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of a serum sample from a patient suffering from carbofuran poisoning;

FIG. 7 is an extracted ion chromatogram of monoacetylmorphine (a heroin metabolite) in a drug addict hair sample;

FIG. 8 is a first order mass spectrum of monoacetylmorphine (a heroin metabolite) in a hair sample from a drug addict;

FIG. 9 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of monoacetylmorphine (a heroin metabolite) in a hair sample from a drug addict;

FIG. 10 is an ion chromatogram of methamphetamine extracted from a hair sample from a drug addict;

FIG. 11 is a first order mass spectrum of methamphetamine in a hair sample from a drug addict;

FIG. 12 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of methamphetamine in a drug addict hair sample;

FIG. 13 is an extracted ion chromatogram of ketamine from a drug addict hair sample;

FIG. 14 is a first order mass spectrum of ketamine in a drug addict hair sample;

FIG. 15 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of ketamine in a drug addict hair sample;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a sample processing kit;

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a chromatographic mass spectrometry kit.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.

Example 1

Establishing a database for poison screening: 354 common organic poisons, including 22 poisons, 33 poisons, 248 pesticides, 12 rodenticides, 4 veterinary poisons, 13 toxic alkaloids and 22 mycotoxins are selected, a standard sample working solution containing each poison to be detected is prepared by methanol-water respectively, injected into a chromatographic mass spectrometer for analysis and analyzed in a full scanning mode, and QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 is used for acquiring accurate m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope matching degree of precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of an analyte, and information such as names, molecular formulas and CAS numbers of poisons are introduced into TraceFinder 5.1 to establish a screened database for poison identification and confirmation.

Based on embodiment 1, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.

A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of embodiment 1.

Example 2

Establishing a poison screening identification and confirmation standard: precursor ions m/z were used for Identification (Identification), Threshold coverage (Threshold Override) > 5000, signal to noise Ratio Threshold) > 5, Mass bias (Mass tolerance) < 5 ppm. The retention time was used for Confirmation (Confirmation) and the Window coverage (Window Override) was ± 1 min. Fragment Ions were used for Confirmation (Confirmation), the minimum number of Fragment Ions (Min. # of Fragment Ions) was 1, the Threshold for peak Intensity (Intensity Threshold) was 1000, the Mass tolerance < 5ppm, and the MS Order was set to MS Order². Isotope patterns (Isotropic patterns) were used for validation (verification), matching thresholds (Fit Threshold) > 70%, allowable Mass bias (Allowed Mass bias) < 5ppm, allowable Intensity bias < 20%.

Based on embodiment 2, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.

A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of embodiment 2.

Example 3

Establishing a database for poison screening: 354 common organic poisons, including 22 poisons, 33 poisons, 248 pesticides, 12 rodenticides, 4 veterinary poisons, 13 toxic alkaloids and 22 mycotoxins are selected, a standard sample working solution containing each poison to be detected is prepared by methanol-water respectively, injected into a chromatographic mass spectrometer for analysis, analyzed in a full scan mode, and QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 is used for obtaining the accurate m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope distribution of precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of the analyte, and the information such as name, molecular formula and CAS number (Chemical Abstracts Service) of the poison is combined and introduced into TraceFinder 5.1 to establish a poison screening database for poison identification and confirmation.

Based on embodiment 3, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium.

A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of embodiment 3.

Example 4

(1) Respectively collecting 3 serum samples of patients with clinical acute poisoning: collecting blood sample in vacuum blood collection tube without anticoagulant, standing at room temperature for more than half an hour, centrifuging at 3500rpm for 10min to obtain serum, collecting, and storing in refrigerator at-80 deg.C until analysis.

(2) Serum sample treatment: each serum sample was treated separately as follows.

Taking 1.0mL of a serum sample, adjusting the serum sample to be acidic by using 20 mul of acidic pH regulator, adding 3.0mL of ethyl acetate extractant, performing vortex mixing extraction for about 2min, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 2min to separate layers, and transferring an extraction liquid layer; adjusting the residual solution to alkalinity by 20 mul of alkaline pH regulator, adding 3mL of ethyl acetate extractant, performing vortex mixing extraction for about 2min, centrifuging to separate layers, and transferring the extract. Combining the extracts, drying by using nitrogen, adding 200 mu L of 50 v/v% methanol water into the residue for redissolving, centrifuging at 12000rpm for 2min, and injecting the supernatant into an instrument for instrumental analysis, wherein the instrumental analysis is ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis.

(3) And (4) performing instrumental analysis, namely ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis.

The chromatographic conditions are as follows: PFP column (2.1 mm. times.100 mm, 3 μm) was sampled in an amount of 5. mu.L, and the autosampler and column were maintained at 6 ℃ and 40 ℃ respectively. The mobile phase consisted of an organic phase (A) and an aqueous phase (B) at a flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. The gradient elution procedure was as follows: 0-0.5min, 5 v/v% A; 0.5-10min, 5 v/v% -95 v/v% A; holding with 95 v/v% A for 5 min; equilibrate with 5 v/v% A for 5min before the next injection. HPLC was controlled and data was acquired using analytical software Xcalibur 4.0.

The mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the mass spectrometer was equipped with an ESI source and both positive and negative ion modes were used in the experiment. A blank sample analysis is performed prior to sample measurement, the blank sample not detecting the target toxicant. The parameters for the HESI-II source are set as follows: the sheath gas flow rate was 50.00arbitrary units (au), the auxiliary gas flow rate was 12.50au, the purge gas flow rate was 0au, the S-Lens RF Level was 55.00, the electrospray voltages were 3.5kV (+) and 3.0kV (-), the capillary temperature and the auxiliary gas Heater temperature were both 350 ℃, and the Probe Heater temperature (Probe Heater temp.) was 425 ℃. The Exclusion list (Exclusion list) is set to "on" to avoid interference with the sample matrix. Use of Full MS/dd-MS²Mode acquisition data, for Full MS, acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 120-1300, resolution of 70000, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) target of 3 × 10⁶The maximum sample injection time (MIT) was 100 ms. For dd-MS²Scan, resolution 17500, AGC target 1 × 10⁵MIT of 50ms, Loop count of 10, TopN of 10, Isolation window of 1.6m/z, intensity threshold of 5 × 10³The Apex trigger (Apex trigger) is 0.1 to 10 seconds, and the Dynamic exclusion (Dynamic exclusion) is set to 10 seconds. Isotope exclusion settings were "on", Collision Energy (CE) 20, 30 and 40ev, and If idle (If idle.) is set to Pick others, run time 0-20 min. Mass calibration was performed on the instrument every three days using Pierce ESI positive and negative ion calibration solutions. The Xcaliibur 4.0 software is used for instrument control and data acquisition, and the TraceFinder 5.1 software is used for target poison screening.

(4) Analyzing and collecting data in a primary full scan/data-dependent secondary full scan mode, acquiring accurate m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope distribution of precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of the analyte by using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0, comparing with the database established in example 1, and performing matching identification according to identification standards: precursor ion m/z Threshold coverage (Threshold over) > 5000, signal to noise Ratio Threshold (S/N Ratio Threshold) > 5, Mass bias (Mass tolerance) < 5 ppm. The retention time Window coverage (Window Override) was. + -.1 min. The minimum number of Fragment Ions (Min. # of Fragment Ions) was 1, the Threshold of peak Intensity (Intensity Threshold) was 1000, the Mass tolerance was < 5ppm, and the MS Order was set as MS². Isotope Pattern matching Threshold (Fit Threshold) > 70%, Allowed Mass bias (Allowed Mass bias) < 5ppm, Allowed Intensity bias) < 20%.

By comparison with the database established in example 1, it was detected that the positive toxicants were all pesticides: and 2 parts of bromadiolone and 1 part of carbofuran are detected, and all indexes are passed. The chromatographic mass spectral information and Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for bromadiolone and carbofuran are shown in table 1.

FIG. 1 is an extracted ion chromatogram of a serum sample of a bromadiolone poisoning patient, FIG. 2 is a primary mass spectrum of the serum sample of the bromadiolone poisoning patient, and FIG. 3 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of the serum sample of the bromadiolone poisoning patient. Fig. 4 is an extracted ion chromatogram of a serum sample of a carbofuran poisoning patient, fig. 5 is a primary mass spectrum of the serum sample of the carbofuran poisoning patient, and fig. 6 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of the serum sample of the carbofuran poisoning patient.

Table 1: chromatographic mass spectral information and blood sample Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for dichlon and carbofuran

The screening result of the embodiment is compared with the liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, the results of the screening result and the triple quadrupole mass spectrometry are consistent, and the clinical manifestations of 3 patients are consistent with corresponding toxicosis symptoms.

Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection is a determination method used by judicial identification technical specifications.

Example 5

(1) Blood samples of 20 virus-related persons were collected: collecting blood sample in vacuum blood collection tube without anticoagulant, standing at room temperature for more than half an hour, centrifuging at 3500rpm for 10min to obtain serum, collecting, and storing in refrigerator at-80 deg.C until analysis.

Taking 1.0mL of a serum sample, adding 20 mul of an acidic pH regulator to regulate the serum sample to be acidic, adding 3mL of an ethyl acetate extractant, performing vortex mixing extraction for 2min, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 2min to separate the serum sample into layers, and transferring an extract layer; adding 20 μ L alkaline pH regulator into the residual solution, adjusting to alkaline, adding 3mL ethyl acetate extractant, vortex mixing and extracting for 2min, centrifuging to layer, and transferring out the extractive solution layer. The combined extracts were dried with gentle nitrogen, 100. mu.L of 50 v/v% methanol in water was added to the residue to reconstitute, and centrifuged at 12000rpm for 2min, and the supernatant was injected into the instrument for analysis.

The mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the mass spectrometer was equipped with an ESI source and both positive and negative ion modes were used in the experiment. A blank sample analysis is performed prior to sample measurement, the blank sample not detecting the target toxicant. The parameters for the HESI-II source are set as follows: the sheath gas flow rate is 50.00arbitrary units (au), the auxiliary gas flow rate is 12.50au, the purge gas flow rate is 0au, and the S-Lens RF Level is 55.00The electrospray voltage was 3.5kV (+) and 3.0kV (-), the capillary temperature and the auxiliary gas Heater temperature were both 350 ℃ and the Probe Heater temperature (Probe Heater temp.) was 425 ℃. The Exclusion list (Exclusion list) is set to "on" to avoid interference with the sample matrix. Use of Full MS/dd-MS²Mode acquisition data, for Full MS, acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 120-1300, resolution of 70000, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) target of 3 × 10⁶The maximum sample injection time (MIT) was 100 ms. For dd-MS²Scan, resolution 17500, AGC target 1 × 10⁵MIT of 50ms, Loop count of 10, TopN of 10, Isolation window of 1.6m/z, intensity threshold of 5 × 10³The Apex trigger (Apex trigger) is 0.1 to 10 seconds, and the Dynamic exclusion (Dynamic exclusion) is set to 10 seconds. Isotope exclusion settings were "on", Collision Energy (CE) 20, 30 and 40ev, and If idle (If idle.) is set to Pick others, run time 0-20 min. Mass calibration was performed on the instrument every three days using Pierce ESI positive and negative ion calibration solutions. The Xcaliibur 4.0 software is used for instrument control and data acquisition, and the TraceFinder 5.1 software is used for target poison screening.

(4) Data were analyzed and collected in a primary full scan/data dependent secondary full scan mode using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 to obtain the exact m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotopic match distribution of the precursor and characteristic fragment ions of the analyte and compared to the database established in example 1 for matching according to the identification criteria: precursor ion m/z Threshold coverage (Threshold over) > 5000, signal to noise Ratio Threshold (S/N Ratio Threshold) > 5, Mass bias (Mass tolerance) < 5 ppm. The retention time Window coverage (Window Override) was. + -.1 min. The minimum number of Fragment Ions (Min. # of Fragment Ions) was 1, the Threshold of peak Intensity (Intensity Threshold) was 1000, the Mass tolerance was < 5ppm, and the MS Order was set as MS². Isotope Pattern matching Threshold (Fit Threshold) > 70%, Allowed Mass bias (Allowed Mass bias) < 5ppm, Allowed Intensity bias) < 20%.

(5) Positive drug-withdrawal samples were screened by comparison with the database established in example 1: the positive rate of the blood sample was 10.0% (2 cases).

The chromatographic mass spectrometry information and Method Detection Limits (MDLs) for classical drugs are shown in table 2.

The screening result of the embodiment is compared with the detection of liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and the results of the two are consistent.

Example 6

(1) Respectively collecting 20 urine samples of virus-involved persons: urine samples were collected in clean 10ml polypropylene plastic centrifuge tubes with caps and stored in a-80 ℃ freezer until analysis after urine sample collection.

(2) Treating a urine sample: each urine sample was treated separately as follows.

Taking 1.0mL of urine sample, adding 20 mul of acidic pH regulator to regulate the urine sample to be acidic, adding 3mL of ethyl acetate extractant, performing vortex mixing extraction for 2min, centrifuging at 4000rpm for 2min to separate the urine sample into layers, and transferring an extract layer; adding 20 μ L alkaline pH regulator into the residual solution, adjusting to alkaline, adding 3mL ethyl acetate extractant, vortex mixing, extracting for 2min, centrifuging to layer, and transferring the extractive solution. The combined extracts were dried with nitrogen, 100. mu.L of 50 v/v% methanol was added to the residue for reconstitution with water, and centrifuged at 12000rpm for 2min, and the supernatant was injected into the instrument for analysis.

The mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the mass spectrometer was equipped with an ESI source and both positive and negative ion modes were used in the experiment. A blank sample analysis is performed prior to sample measurement, the blank sample not detecting the target toxicant. Parameter settings for HESI-II sources such asThe following: the sheath gas flow rate was 50.00arbitrary units (au), the auxiliary gas flow rate was 12.50au, the purge gas flow rate was 0au, the S-Lens RF Level was 55.00, the electrospray voltages were 3.5kV (+) and 3.0kV (-), the capillary temperature and the auxiliary gas Heater temperature were both 350 ℃, and the Probe Heater temperature (Probe Heater temp.) was 425 ℃. The Exclusion list (Exclusion list) is set to "on" to avoid interference with the sample matrix. Use of Full MS/dd-MS²Mode acquisition data, for Full MS, acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 120-1300, resolution of 70000, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) target of 3 × 10⁶The maximum sample injection time (MIT) was 100 ms. For dd-MS²Scan, resolution 17500, AGC target 1 × 10⁵MIT of 50ms, Loop count of 10, TopN of 10, Isolation window of 1.6m/z, intensity threshold of 5 × 10³The Apex trigger (Apex trigger) is 0.1 to 10 seconds, and the Dynamic exclusion (Dynamic exclusion) is set to 10 seconds. Isotope exclusion settings were "on", Collision Energy (CE) 20, 30 and 40ev, and If idle (If idle.) is set to Pick others, run time 0-20 min. Mass calibration was performed on the instrument every three days using Pierce ESI positive and negative ion calibration solutions. The Xcaliibur 4.0 software is used for instrument control and data acquisition, and the TraceFinder 5.1 software is used for target poison screening.

(4) Data were analyzed and collected in a primary full scan/data dependent secondary full scan mode using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 to obtain the exact m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope distribution of the precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of the analyte and compared to the database established in example 1 for matching according to the identification criteria: precursor ion m/z Threshold coverage (Threshold over) > 5000, signal to noise Ratio Threshold (S/N Ratio Threshold) > 5, Mass bias (Mass tolerance) < 5 ppm. The retention time Window coverage (Window Override) was. + -.1 min. The minimum number of Fragment Ions (Min. # of Fragment Ions) was 1, the Threshold of peak Intensity (Intensity Threshold) was 1000, the Mass tolerance was < 5ppm, and the MS Order was set as MS². Isotope Pattern matching Threshold (Fit Threshold) > 70%, allowedThe Mass Deviation (Allowed Mass Deviation) < 5ppm, the allowable Intensity Deviation < 20%.

(5) Positive drug-withdrawal samples were screened by comparison with the database established in example 1: the positive rate of the urine sample was 70.0% (14 cases).

Example 7

(1) 160 samples of hair of the drug-involved persons were collected: selecting hair with pillow part tightly attached to scalp within 3cm, collecting, laying on clean paper or aluminum foil paper, marking sample information, folding, wrapping, and storing at room temperature until analysis.

(2) Hair sample treatment: each hair sample was treated separately as follows.

Taking a hair sample, sequentially washing the hair sample twice with a detergent 1 and a detergent 2 by oscillation, cutting the hair sample into sections of about 1mm after air drying, weighing about 20mg, adding 1mL of hair sample extraction reagent, crushing the hair sample in a cryo-grinder, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice bath for 15min, centrifuging the hair sample at 12000rpm for 2min, and taking supernatant to inject into an instrument for analysis. Detergent 1 is used to wash off hair dust and detergent 2 is used to wash off contamination from exogenous poisons. The hair sample extraction reagent is methanol.

The mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the mass spectrometer was equipped with an ESI source and both positive and negative ion modes were used in the experiment. Before the sample is measuredAnd (5) carrying out blank sample analysis, wherein the blank sample does not detect the target poison. The parameters for the HESI-II source are set as follows: the sheath gas flow rate was 50.00arbitrary units (au), the auxiliary gas flow rate was 12.50au, the purge gas flow rate was 0au, the S-Lens RF Level was 55.00, the electrospray voltages were 3.5kV (+) and 3.0kV (-), the capillary temperature and the auxiliary gas Heater temperature were both 350 ℃, and the Probe Heater temperature (Probe Heater temp.) was 425 ℃. The Exclusion list (Exclusion list) is set to "on" to avoid interference with the sample matrix. Use of Full MS/dd-MS²Mode acquisition data, for Full MS, acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 120-1300, resolution of 70000, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) target of 3 × 10⁶The maximum sample injection time (MIT) was 100 ms. For dd-MS²Scan, resolution 17500, AGC target 1 × 10⁵MIT of 50ms, Loop count of 10, TopN of 10, Isolation window of 1.6m/z, intensity threshold of 5 × 10³The Apex trigger (Apex trigger) is 0.1 to 10 seconds, and the Dynamic exclusion (Dynamic exclusion) is set to 10 seconds. Isotope exclusion settings were "on", Collision Energy (CE) 20, 30 and 40ev, and If idle (If idle.) is set to Pick others, run time 0-20 min. Mass calibration was performed on the instrument every three days using Pierce ESI positive and negative ion calibration solutions. The Xcaliibur 4.0 software is used for instrument control and data acquisition, and the TraceFinder 5.1 software is used for target poison screening.

(4) Analysis in the primary full scan/data dependent secondary full scan mode, using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 to obtain the exact m/z, retention time, ion abundance ratio and isotope distribution of the precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions of the analyte, aligned to the database established in example 1, and matched according to the identification criteria: precursor ion m/z Threshold coverage (Threshold over) > 5000, signal to noise Ratio Threshold (S/N Ratio Threshold) > 5, Mass bias (Mass tolerance) < 5 ppm. The retention time Window coverage (Window Override) was. + -.1 min. The minimum number of Fragment Ions (Min. # of Fragment Ions) was 1, the Threshold of peak Intensity (Intensity Threshold) was 1000, the Mass tolerance was < 5ppm, and the MS Order was set as MS². AppositionThe prime Pattern (Isotropic Pattern) match Threshold (Fit Threshold) > 70%, Allowed Mass bias (Allowed Mass bias) < 5ppm, and Allowed Intensity bias) < 20%.

(5) Positive drug-withdrawal samples were screened by comparison with the database established in example 1: the positive rate of hair sample is 68.8% (110 cases).

In examples 5 to 7, most drug addicts took a single drug, and 9 cases detected mixed drugs, which accounted for 4.5% of the total positive, and the combination of mixed drugs with the highest detection rate was glacial acetic acid and heroin. The types of the drug-taking drugs are methamphetamine (75.4 percent, 95 cases), heroin (18.2 percent, 23 cases), ketamine (2.38 percent, 2 cases) from high to low, and MDMA (3 cases), tetrahydrocannabinol (2 cases) and codeine (1 case) are sporadically found to be positive. FIG. 7 is an extracted ion chromatogram of monoacetylmorphine (a heroin metabolite) in a drug addict hair sample, FIG. 8 is a primary mass spectrum of monoacetylmorphine (a heroin metabolite) in a drug addict hair sample, and FIG. 9 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of monoacetylmorphine (a heroin metabolite) in a drug addict hair sample. Fig. 10 is an extracted ion chromatogram of methamphetamine in a drug addict hair sample, fig. 11 is a primary mass spectrum of methamphetamine in a drug addict hair sample, and fig. 12 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of methamphetamine in a drug addict hair sample. Fig. 13 is an extracted ion chromatogram of ketamine in a drug addict hair sample, fig. 14 is a primary mass spectrum of ketamine in a drug addict hair sample, and fig. 15 is a fragment ion mass spectrum of ketamine in a drug addict hair sample.

Table 2: chromatographic Mass Spectrometry information and method limits of detection (MDLs) for Methamphetamine, monoacetylmorphine and Ketamine

Due to the adoption of the rapid screening method of the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole rod orbit trap mass spectrum, a standard substance is not needed, one-time extraction and one-time sample injection analysis are carried out, screening of 354 common organic poisons can be completed within 20min, corresponding chromatographic mass spectrum conditions are not needed to be set for one-by-one investigation, and the analysis efficiency is greatly improved; the accuracy of screening can be ensured through a chromatographic mass spectrum database established by actual analysis; by adopting the designed sample treatment and chromatographic mass spectrometry kit, the standardization of the operation process can be realized, and the kit is suitable for the practical application of rapid screening of clinical poisoning and judicial inspection.

In examples 4 to 7, the sample treatment kit shown in fig. 16 is specially configured for efficient and rapid screening, wherein an acidic modifier, an alkaline modifier, an extraction reagent, a redissolution reagent, a hair sample detergent 1, a hair sample detergent 2, and a hair sample extraction reagent used for sample treatment in the efficient and rapid screening are collectively placed in the sample treatment kit, so that the sample treatment kit is convenient and rapid to take, and a use instruction for sample treatment is placed in the sample treatment kit.

In examples 4 to 7, a chromatography-mass spectrometry kit as shown in fig. 17 is specially configured for efficient and rapid screening, the organic phase (a), the aqueous phase (B) and the chromatographic column used for chromatography-mass spectrometry in efficient and rapid screening are collectively disposed in the chromatography-mass spectrometry kit, which is convenient for rapid taking, and the chromatography-mass spectrometry kit is further provided with an instruction for use in chromatography-mass spectrometry.

In examples 4 to 7, since the database of example 1 and the judgment method of example 2 were used, it was not necessary to prepare a standard solution when performing a rapid screening analysis.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The screening identification and confirmation standard for the common toxicant is characterized by comprising the following steps:

retention time is used for confirmation, wherein window coverage is ± 1 min;

Isotope patterns were used for confirmation, where the match threshold was > 70%, the allowable mass deviation, and the allowable intensity deviation was < 20%.

2. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, implements the screening identification and confirmation criteria for common toxicants according to claim 1.

3. A kit special for a rapid screening method of common toxicants is characterized by comprising a sample treatment kit, wherein an acid regulator, an alkaline regulator, an extraction reagent, a redissolution reagent, a first hair-like detergent, a second hair-like detergent, a hair-like extraction reagent and an instruction for sample treatment are filled in the sample treatment kit.

4. A special kit for a rapid screening method of common toxicants is characterized by further comprising a chromatographic mass spectrometry kit, wherein an organic phase, a water phase, a chromatographic column and an instruction for use in the chromatographic mass spectrometry are arranged in the chromatographic mass spectrometry kit.

5. A rapid screening method for common toxicants comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting a sample of a poisoned patient or a drug addict;

(2) processing a sample of a poisoning patient or a drug addict;

(3) analyzing by liquid chromatography-orbital trap mass spectrometry;

6. The method for rapidly screening common toxicants according to claim 5, wherein the database for rapidly screening common toxicants is established by the following steps:

s12, preparing a standard solution of the poison to be detected;

s13, injecting a Q active Plus Orbitrap HPLC-HRMS system;

7. The method for rapidly screening common poisons according to claim 6, wherein in S12, the standard solution of the poisons to be tested is a standard solution prepared from methanol-water and containing poisons to be tested; and/or;

in S14, the acquiring is performed by using QualBrowser software integrated in Xcalibur 4.0 for analysis in full scan mode; and/or

In the step S15, the databases for screening toxic substances are established by importing the information of S11 and S14, and the databases for screening toxic substances are established by importing the information of S11 and S14 into TraceFinder 5.1.

8. The method for rapidly screening common toxicants according to claim 6 or 7, wherein in the step (1), the collection of the sample of the middle-virulent patient is the collection of the sample of the serum of the clinical acute middle-virulent patient, and the collection of the sample of the drug addict is the collection of one or more of the blood sample, the urine sample and the hair sample of the drug-involved person.

9. The rapid screening method for common toxicants according to any one of claims 6-8, wherein in the step (2), the sample of the poisoning patient or drug addict is processed as follows:

the method for processing the serum sample comprises the following steps: adding an acidic pH regulator into a serum sample to regulate the serum sample to be acidic, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the serum sample, and transferring an extract; adding an alkaline pH regulator into the residual solution after extraction to regulate the pH value to be alkaline, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the mixture, and transferring the extraction solution; mixing the extractive solutions, blow-drying with gas, adding serum redissolving solvent into the residue, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant; and/or

The urine sample treatment method comprises the following steps: adding an acidic pH regulator into a urine sample to regulate the urine sample to be acidic, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the urine sample, and transferring an extraction solution; adding an alkaline pH regulator into the residual solution after extraction to regulate the pH value to be alkaline, adding an extracting agent, performing vortex mixing extraction, centrifuging to layer the solution, and transferring the extraction solution; combining the extract liquid, drying with gas, adding urine sample redissolving solvent into the residue, centrifuging to obtain supernatant; and/or

The hair sample treatment method comprises the following steps: and taking a hair sample, sequentially using a first detergent and a second detergent for oscillation washing twice, drying in the air, cutting into sections, weighing, adding a hair sample extraction reagent, performing ultrasonic treatment in an ice bath, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant.

10. The method for rapidly screening common poisons according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein in the step (3), the liquid chromatography-orbital trap mass spectrometry analysis comprises the following steps:

the chromatographic conditions are as follows: a PFP chromatography column; the mobile phase consists of an organic phase and an aqueous phase; the gradient elution procedure was as follows: 0-0.5min, 5 v/v% A; 0.5-10min, 5 v/v% -95 v/v% A; holding with 95 v/v% A for 5 min; equilibrate with 5 v/v% A for 5min before the next injection; using analysis software Xcaliibur 4.0 to control HPLC and obtain data;

the mass spectrum conditions are as follows: the mass spectrometer is provided with an ESI source, and a positive ion mode and a negative ion mode are adopted in an experiment; performing blank sample analysis before sample determination, wherein target toxicants are not detected in the blank sample; the parameters for the HESI-II source are set as follows: the sheath gas flow rate is 50.00arbitrary units (au), the auxiliary gas flow rate is 12.50au, the purge gas flow rate is 0au, the S-Lens RF Level is 55.00, the electrospray voltage is 3.5kV (+) and 3.0kV (-), the capillary temperature and the auxiliary gas Heater temperature are both 350 ℃, and the Probe Heater temperature (Probe Heater temp.) is 425 ℃; the Exclusion list (Exclusion list) is set to "on" to avoid interference with the sample matrix; use of Full MS/dd-MS²Mode acquisition data, for Full MS, acquired in the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) range of 120-1300, resolution of 70000, Automatic Gain Control (AGC) target of 3 × 10⁶The maximum sample introduction time (MIT) is 100 ms; for dd-MS²Scan, resolution 17500, AGC target 1 × 10⁵MIT of 50ms, Loop count of 10, TopN of 10, Isolation window of 1.6m/z, intensity threshold of 5 × 10³The Apex trigger (Apex trigger) is 0.1 to 10 seconds, and the Dynamic exclusion (Dynamic exclusion) is set to 10 seconds; isotope exclusion settings are "on", Collision Energy (CE) 20, 30 and 40ev, and if idle (ifidle.) is set to Pick others, run time is 0-20 min; mass calibration was performed on the instrument every three days using Pierce ESI positive and negative ion calibration solutions; the Xcaliibur 4.0 software is used for instrument control and data acquisition, and the TraceFinder 5.1 software is used for target poison screening.