CN113588086B - Ocean atmosphere integrated hyperspectral radiometric system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for measuring integrated hyperspectral radiation of ocean atmosphere, wherein the system comprises: an optical measurement unit: the system is used for collecting and measuring hyperspectral radiance data; a scanning step control unit: the device is used for controlling the rotation of the optical measurement unit in the hyperspectral radiance data acquisition process; a control box: the stepping motor is used for data acquisition, storage and transmission, and position calculation and driving; solar cell panel: for providing a power supply for the measurement system; fixing a support: the device is used for fixing the measuring system at a position where the hyperspectral radiometry is required to be carried out. The measuring system designed by the invention avoids using different devices to measure the atmospheric and seawater radiation quantities respectively, reduces the purchase, use and maintenance costs of the devices, and can automatically realize the optimal observation of the sun, the sky and the sea surface through a control program.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean optical observation, and particularly relates to an ocean atmosphere integrated hyperspectral radiometric system and method.
Background
The global ocean surface area accounts for about 71 percent of the total area of the earth, and plays an important role in human water resource utilization, global carbon cycle regulation, global climate change and the like. Satellite marine remote sensing is a main technical means for continuously acquiring marine parameters in a large area. For example, the satellite optical marine remote sensing technology can obtain the phytoplankton distribution of the upper layer of the sea, which is characterized by chlorophyll concentration, in a short time (1-2 d). Since the atmosphere mainly contributes to the acquisition of signals by satellite optical marine remote sensing, a key technology of satellite optical marine remote sensing is to eliminate atmospheric influence, namely atmospheric correction. Atmospheric correction requires on-site measurement of atmospheric optical properties and apparent optical properties of marine water bodies to establish aerosol models or to test satellite optical remote sensing products. The atmospheric optical properties include aerosol optical thickness, and the apparent optical properties of the ocean water body include remote reflectance or normalized off-water radiance. Traditionally, the optical properties of the ocean atmosphere are measured by 1 solar photometer, 2 ocean irradiance meters and 1 irradiance meter together. The method comprises the steps that a sunlight meter measures the thickness of aerosol, an irradiance meter and a radiance meter measure the downward irradiance of the sea, the downward radiance of the sky and the upward radiance of the sea respectively, and then the remote sensing reflectance of the sea or the normalized off-water radiance is calculated. This method requires multiple instruments, is expensive to purchase, and requires periodic radiometric calibration of each instrument, which is costly to maintain. In addition, the solar photometer usually adopts a narrow-band filter to measure multispectral radiation, and cannot acquire the thickness of the hyperspectral aerosol.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the integrated hyperspectral radiometric measurement system and method for marine atmosphere provided by the invention solve the problems that the existing measurement method is high in equipment cost and cannot obtain the thickness of hyperspectral aerosol.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an integrated hyperspectral radiometric marine atmosphere system comprising:
an optical measurement unit: the device comprises a light receiving module and a light processing module, wherein the light processing receiving module is used for receiving incident light signals of a measuring system and transmitting the incident light signals to the light processing module, and the light processing module is used for detecting the received incident light signals so as to realize the integrated measurement of solar, atmospheric and ocean optical radiant quantities;
a scanning step control unit: the device comprises a horizontal scanning stepping control module and a vertical scanning stepping control module, wherein the horizontal scanning stepping control module and the vertical scanning stepping control module are used for controlling the horizontal rotation or the vertical rotation of an optical measuring unit according to the measurement requirement of a measuring system so as to enable a light receiving module to receive incident light signals corresponding to the sun, the atmosphere or the ocean; a control box: the stepping motor is used for data acquisition, storage and transmission, and position calculation and driving;
solar cell panel: for providing a power supply for the measurement system;
fixing a support: the device is used for fixing the measuring system at a position where the hyperspectral radiometry is required to be carried out.
Further, a light receiving module in the optical measurement unit comprises two light inlet cylinders, a diaphragm, an optical fiber support frame, an optical fiber and a CCD camera; the optical processing module comprises an attenuation sheet support frame, an optical fiber coupler, a Y-shaped optical fiber, a hyperspectral meter and a shell;
the attenuation sheet support frame, the optical fiber coupler, the Y-shaped optical fiber and the high-speed spectrometer are all arranged inside the shell;
the two light inlet cylinders are arranged in parallel and have the same structure, the front end of each light inlet cylinder is provided with an opening small hole, the middle of the interior of each light inlet cylinder is provided with a diaphragm, and the bottom of the rear end of each light inlet cylinder is fixedly connected with the surface of the shell;
each diaphragm is connected with an optical fiber support frame, one end of an optical fiber is fixed through the optical fiber support frame, the other end of the optical fiber is connected with an incident light port of an optical fiber coupler through an attenuation sheet support frame, and two emergent light ports of the optical fiber coupler are respectively connected with a hyperspectral meter through a Y-shaped optical fiber;
the CCD camera is in communication connection with the control box and is fixedly arranged on the shell, and the center of the position of the CCD camera is located on the center line of the two light inlet cylinders.
Furthermore, an electronic shutter is arranged inside the optical fiber coupler;
the optical fiber coupler and the high-speed spectrometer are both provided with heat insulation shells.
Furthermore, a horizontal scanning stepping control module in the scanning stepping control unit comprises a horizontal rotating shaft, a first stepping motor, a first harmonic speed reducer and a horizontal sealing barrel; the vertical scanning stepping control module comprises a vertical rotating shaft, a second stepping motor, a second harmonic speed reducer, a vertical sealing cylinder and a base;
the first stepping motor and the first harmonic reducer are connected with each other and arranged in the horizontal sealing cylinder, and the second stepping motor and the second harmonic reducer are connected with each other and arranged in the vertical sealing cylinder;
the shell of the optical measurement unit is connected with a first stepping motor through a horizontal rotating shaft and is connected with a second stepping motor through a vertical rotating shaft, the vertical sealing cylinder is fixedly arranged on a base, and the base is connected with a fixed support;
and the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are both connected with the control box.
Furthermore, the control box comprises a main controller, and a clock module, a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data transmission module, a motor driving module, a rainfall sensor module, a temperature and humidity sensor module and a human-computer interaction module which are connected with the main controller;
the motor driving module is also connected with the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor respectively; the data acquisition module is also connected with the high-speed spectrograph and the CCD camera; the data transmission module is also connected with the remote PC end; the man-machine interaction module is also connected with the user terminal.
A hyperspectral radiometric method comprises the following steps:
s1, determining current position information and time information of the hyperspectral radiometric system;
s2, calculating the optimal observation geometrical condition of hyperspectral radiometry according to the current position information and the time information, and adjusting the position of a light inlet cylinder of the optical measuring unit by controlling a stepping motor so as to measure the current hyperspectral radiometric data;
s3, controlling the position of the optical measurement unit to return to zero through the scanning stepping control unit;
and S4, when the preset hyperspectral radiometric time point is reached, repeating the steps S1-S3, transmitting the hyperspectral radiometric data measured each time to a remote PC (personal computer) end, and completing the hyperspectral radiometric measurement.
Further, in the step S2, according to the calculated optimal observation geometric condition, the position of the light inlet barrel of the optical measurement unit is adjusted to sequentially perform direct solar radiation spectral radiation measurement, sky spectral radiation measurement, and seawater spectral radiation measurement.
Further, the method for measuring the direct solar spectral radiation specifically comprises the following steps:
a1, determining a zenith angle and an azimuth angle of the sun based on the current position information and the time information, and controlling a light inlet tube of the optical measurement unit to align the sun by adjusting the action of the step scanning unit;
a2, controlling the CCD camera to work, and further adjusting the position of the optical measurement unit according to the acquired CCD image data to realize accurate alignment of the sun;
a3, under the condition of accurate alignment of the sun, gating a light inlet cylinder for sunlight through an electronic shutter in the optical fiber coupler, and measuring the current direct solar radiation through a hyperspectral meter;
a4, repeating the steps A1-A3 at least three times to obtain direct solar spectral radiation measurement data;
the method for measuring the sky spectrum radiation specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating an optimal sky observation geometrical condition according to sun position information, controlling a light inlet cylinder of an optical measurement unit to rotate to a calculation position by adjusting the action of a step scanning unit, gating the light inlet cylinder of sky light through an electronic shutter in an optical fiber coupler, measuring current sky radiation through a hyperspectral meter, and continuously measuring for three times to further obtain sky spectrum radiation measurement data;
the method for measuring the spectral radiation of the seawater specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the optimal seawater observation geometrical condition according to the position of the sun, controlling a light inlet cylinder of an optical measurement unit to rotate to a calculation position by adjusting the action of a step scanning unit, selecting the light inlet cylinder of seawater light incidence through an electronic shutter in an optical fiber coupler, measuring the current seawater radiation through a hyperspectral meter, and continuously measuring for three times to further obtain the seawater spectral radiation measurement data.
Further, in the hyperspectral radiometric measurement process, when rainfall data acquired by a rainfall sensor module in the control box is larger than a set threshold, the control box controls the scanning stepping unit and the optical measuring unit to stop working;
and the control box controls the scanning stepping unit and the optical measurement unit to stop working, so that the priority of the corresponding instruction is greater than that of the corresponding instruction for hyperspectral radiometric measurement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in the optical measurement unit designed by the invention, two paths of incident light of the light inlet cylinder are rapidly gated through the optical fiber coupler and the electronic shutter inside the optical fiber coupler, and then are detected by a high-speed spectrometer, so that the integrated observation of ocean and atmospheric optical radiation is realized, and the optical thickness of atmospheric aerosol and the normalized seawater leaving radiance can be obtained;
(2) in the measuring system, the optical measuring unit is driven by the two stepping motors to freely and precisely rotate in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the sun tracking algorithm and the observation and positioning algorithm are combined, so that the sun is precisely aligned in the atmospheric observation, and the optimal sun-sea surface-optical measuring unit observation geometric condition is met in the marine observation;
(3) the measuring system can measure direct solar radiation through a hyperspectral meter to obtain the optical thickness of the hyperspectral aerosol;
(4) according to the invention, a plurality of functional modules are integrated in the control box, and the solar photovoltaic cell panel is arranged, so that long-term field observation can be realized;
(5) the measuring system designed by the invention avoids using different devices to measure the radiation quantity of the atmosphere and the seawater respectively, and reduces the purchase, use and maintenance cost of the devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated hyperspectral radiometric system for ocean atmosphere provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical measurement unit and a scanning step control unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a structural block diagram of an integrated hyperspectral radiometric system for marine atmosphere provided by the invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the method for measuring the integrated hyperspectral radiation of the ocean atmosphere.
FIG. 5 is an observation azimuth graph provided by the present invention.
Wherein: 1. an optical measuring unit; 2. a scanning step control unit; 3. a control box; 4. a solar panel; 5. fixing a bracket; 6. a light inlet tube; 7. a diaphragm; 8. an optical fiber; 9. a CCD camera; 10. an attenuation sheet support frame; 11. a fiber coupler; 12. a Y-shaped optical fiber; 13. a hyperspectral meter; 14. a housing; 15. a horizontal rotating shaft; 16. a first stepper motor; 17. a first harmonic reducer; 18. a horizontal sealing cylinder; 19. a vertical rotating shaft; 20. a second stepping motor; 21. a second harmonic reducer; 22. a vertical sealing cylinder; 23. a base; 24. an optical fiber support frame.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an integrated hyperspectral radiometric system for marine atmosphere comprises:
the optical measurement unit 1: the device comprises a light receiving module and a light processing module, wherein the light processing receiving module is used for receiving incident light signals of a measuring system and transmitting the incident light signals to the light processing module, and the light processing module is used for detecting the received incident light signals so as to realize the integrated measurement of solar, atmospheric and ocean optical radiant quantities;
the scanning step control unit 2: the device comprises a horizontal scanning stepping control module and a vertical scanning stepping control module, wherein the horizontal scanning stepping control module and the vertical scanning stepping control module are used for controlling the horizontal rotation or the vertical rotation of an optical measuring unit according to the measurement requirement of a measuring system so as to enable a light receiving module to receive incident light signals corresponding to the sun, the atmosphere or the ocean; and a control box 3: the stepping motor is used for data acquisition, storage and transmission, and position calculation and driving;
solar cell panel 4: for providing a power supply for the measurement system;
fixing support 5: the device is used for fixing the measuring system at a position where the hyperspectral radiometry is required to be carried out.
The measuring system in the embodiment can be mounted on fixed platforms such as lakes, reefs, marine ranches or oil drilling wells to measure the direct solar radiation brightness, the downward space light radiation brightness and the upward sea water radiation brightness on time, so that long-term observation of atmospheric and marine optical parameters such as the optical thickness of aerosol, the sea surface remote sensing reflectance or the normalized water radiation brightness is realized, and the system is used for calibration inspection of satellite optical marine remote sensing data at home and abroad.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the light receiving module in the optical measurement unit 1 in the above measurement system includes two light entering cylinders 6, a diaphragm 7, a fiber support frame 24, a fiber 8 and a CCD camera 9; the optical processing module comprises an attenuation sheet support frame 10, an optical fiber coupler 11, a Y-shaped optical fiber 12, a hyperspectral meter 13 and a shell 14;
the attenuation sheet support frame 10, the optical fiber coupler 11, the Y-shaped optical fiber 12 and the high-speed spectrometer 13 are all arranged in the shell 14;
the two light inlet cylinders 6 are arranged in parallel and have the same structure, the front end of each light inlet cylinder 6 is provided with an opening small hole, the middle of the interior of each light inlet cylinder is provided with a diaphragm 7, and the bottom of the rear end of each light inlet cylinder is fixedly connected with the surface of the shell 14; the inner part of the light inlet cylinder 6 in the embodiment is blackened to reduce the reflection of incident light on the inner wall, and the diaphragm 7 and the small hole at the front end opening in the light inlet cylinder 6 limit the field of view of the incident light together to make the field of view 1.3 degrees;
each diaphragm 7 is connected with an optical fiber support frame 24, one end of an optical fiber 8 is fixed through the optical fiber support frame 24, the other end of the optical fiber 8 is connected with an incident light port of an optical fiber coupler 11 through an attenuation sheet support frame 10, and two emergent light ports of the optical fiber coupler 11 are respectively connected with a hyperspectral meter 13 through a Y-shaped optical fiber 12;
the CCD camera 9 is in communication connection with the control box 3, is fixedly arranged on the shell 14, and is positioned on the center line of the two light inlet cylinders 6.
The attenuation sheet on the attenuation sheet support frame 10 in this embodiment is used for attenuating incident light entering the light inlet cylinder 6 from the sun, and the direct solar radiation brightness is much higher than the sky light and sea surface radiation brightness, so that the incident light needs to be attenuated. The transmittance of the attenuation sheet in the embodiment needs to be determined according to the response, the sensitivity and the integration time of the high-speed spectrometer 13, and according to the response of the high-speed spectrometer 13 commonly found in the current market, the attenuation sheet with the transmittance of 0.1-0.5% can be selected in the visible light band, and the direct solar radiation brightness after attenuation is equivalent to the sky light radiation brightness.
The optical fiber coupler 11 in the embodiment is connected with the spectrometer through the 2-in-1Y-shaped optical fiber 12, and the hyperspectral meter 13 is used for measuring the hyperspectral radiance of incident light.
The resolution of the CCD camera 9 in this embodiment is 320 × 240, the field angle is 30 degrees, and the CCD camera is used to acquire images of the sun and the surrounding sky, accurately determine the center position of the sun by analyzing the illumination intensity of the images, and then drive the horizontal axis and the vertical axis by the stepping motor to make fine adjustment, so that the center of the sun is translated to the center of the images, and the light inlet tube 6 is aligned to the center of the sun.
The optical fiber coupler 11 in the present embodiment is internally provided with an electronic shutter; the incident light of the two light inlet cylinders 6 is switched by the electronic shutter, the response time of the electronic shutter is superior to 10ms, and the electronic shutter is used for rapidly gating two paths of incident light to realize the collection of the radiation light of different targets (the sun, the sky and the sea).
The optical fiber coupler 11 and the hyperspectral meter 13 in the embodiment are both provided with heat insulation shells, so that the heat insulation and protection effects are achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the horizontal scanning step control module in the scanning step control unit 2 in the present embodiment includes a horizontal rotation shaft 15, a first step motor 16, a first harmonic reducer 17, and a horizontal sealing cylinder 18; the vertical scanning stepping control module comprises a vertical rotating shaft 19, a second stepping motor 20, a second harmonic speed reducer 21, a vertical sealing cylinder 22 and a base 23;
the first stepping motor 16 and the first harmonic reducer 17 are connected with each other and arranged in the horizontal sealing cylinder 18, and the second stepping motor 20 and the second harmonic reducer 21 are connected with each other and arranged in the vertical sealing cylinder 22;
the shell 14 of the optical measuring unit 1 is connected with a first stepping motor 16 through a horizontal rotating shaft 15 and is connected with a second stepping motor 20 through a vertical rotating shaft 19, the vertical sealing cylinder 22 is fixedly arranged on a base 23, and the base 23 is connected with a fixed bracket 5;
the first stepping motor 16 and the second stepping motor 20 are both connected to the control box 3.
The scanning stepping control unit 2 precisely controls the rotation of the optical measurement unit 1 in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane through the cooperative work of the stepping motor and the rotary table, so that data acquisition meets the optimal geometric observation condition.
The first stepping motor 16 and the second stepping motor 20 in this embodiment freely rotate the optical measuring unit 1 in the range of 0 to 360 degrees horizontally and 0 to 180 degrees vertically by driving the horizontal and vertical rotating shafts 19. The stepping precision of the first stepping motor 16 and the second stepping motor 20 is 2.0 degrees, the reduction ratio of the harmonic reducer is 1:100, and the precision adjustment of the optical measurement system at 0.02 degree can be realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the control box 3 in this embodiment includes a main controller, and a clock module, a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data transmission module, a motor driving module, a rainfall sensor module, a temperature and humidity sensor module, and a human-computer interaction module, which are connected to the main controller;
the motor driving module is also connected with the first stepping motor 16 and the second stepping motor 20 respectively; the data acquisition module is also connected with the high-speed spectrograph 13 and the CCD camera 9; the data transmission module is also connected with the remote PC end; the man-machine interaction module is also connected with the user terminal.
The clock module is used as the pulse of the whole system to push the main controller to carry out different task scheduling; the data acquisition module and the data storage module are used for acquiring and storing hyperspectral data measured by the hyperspectral meter 13 and image data shot by the CCD camera 9; the data transmission module realizes remote transmission of hyperspectral radiance data by adopting 4G or stolen wireless communication, and the motor driving module is used for driving the first stepping motor 16 and the second stepping motor 20 to enable the optical measurement unit 1 to accurately track the sun and observe the radiance of the sky and the sea surface under the preset optimal observation geometrical condition; the rainfall sensor is used for judging weather conditions so that the measuring system stops working in rainy days; the human-computer interaction module is used for realizing manual control command input and instrument state parameter return.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, a hyperspectral radiometric measurement method based on the hyperspectral measurement system in embodiment 1 is provided, which includes the following steps:
s1, determining current position information and time information of the hyperspectral radiometric system;
s2, calculating the optimal observation geometrical condition of hyperspectral radiometry according to the current position information and the time information, and adjusting the position of a light inlet cylinder of the optical measuring unit by controlling a stepping motor so as to measure the current hyperspectral radiometric data;
s3, controlling the position of the optical measurement unit to return to zero through the scanning stepping control unit;
and S4, when the preset hyperspectral radiometric time point is reached, repeating the steps S1-S3, transmitting the hyperspectral radiometric data measured each time to a remote PC (personal computer) end, and completing the hyperspectral radiometric measurement.
In step S1 of this embodiment, before the hyperspectral radiometry is performed each time, the system device is powered on, self-checking is completed, the motor returns to zero, whether each module is normal or not is detected, and whether the sensor is normally connected or not is detected, so as to ensure normal performance of subsequent measurement work.
In step S2 of this embodiment, the position of the light inlet barrel of the optical measurement unit is adjusted according to the calculated optimal observation geometry, and the direct solar spectral radiation measurement, the sky spectral radiation measurement, and the seawater spectral radiation measurement are sequentially performed.
Specifically, the method for measuring the direct solar spectral radiation specifically comprises the following steps:
a1, determining a zenith angle and an azimuth angle of the sun based on the current position information and the time information, and controlling a light inlet tube of the optical measurement unit to align the sun by adjusting the action of the step scanning unit;
a2, controlling the CCD camera to work, and further adjusting the position of the optical measurement unit according to the acquired CCD image data to realize accurate alignment of the sun;
a3, under the condition of accurate alignment of the sun, gating a light inlet cylinder for sunlight through an electronic shutter in the optical fiber coupler, and measuring the current direct solar radiation through a hyperspectral meter;
a4, repeating the steps A1-A3 at least three times to obtain direct solar spectral radiation measurement data;
the method for determining the zenith angle and the azimuth angle of the sun according to the current position information and the time information in step a1 is common knowledge of those skilled in the art, and is not described herein again.
Based on the obtained direct solar spectral radiometric data, the formula for calculating the aerosol thickness is as follows:
in the formula,F 0is the solar irradiance outside the atmosphere,Ffor the irradiance measured by the measurement system,
、
and
optical thicknesses of aerosol, atmospheric analysis, and absorption gases, respectively;
the method for measuring the sky spectrum radiation specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating an optimal sky observation geometrical condition according to sun position information, controlling a light inlet cylinder of an optical measurement unit to rotate to a calculation position by adjusting the action of a step scanning unit, gating the light inlet cylinder of sky light through an electronic shutter in an optical fiber coupler, measuring current sky radiation through a hyperspectral meter, and continuously measuring for three times to further obtain sky spectrum radiation measurement data;
the method for measuring the spectral radiation of the seawater specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the optimal seawater observation geometrical condition according to the position of the sun, controlling a light inlet cylinder of an optical measurement unit to rotate to a calculation position by adjusting the action of a step scanning unit, selecting the light inlet cylinder of seawater light incidence through an electronic shutter in an optical fiber coupler, measuring the current seawater radiation through a hyperspectral meter, and continuously measuring for three times to further obtain the seawater spectral radiation measurement data.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the optimal sky observation geometry is that the azimuth angle between the system observation plane and the solar plane is 135 degrees, and the zenith angle of the system light inlet tube is 40 degrees; the optimal seawater observation geometrical conditions are that the azimuth angle of an observation plane and a solar plane of the system is 135 degrees, and the zenith angle of a light inlet cylinder of the system is 130 degrees.
Based on the sky and sea water measurement data, the formula for calculating the water leaving radiance is as follows:
wherein,
in order to be of a radiant intensity away from water,
the system is used for measuring the upward radiance of the seawater,
the measured sky radiance for the system,
is the reflectivity of sky light on the sea surface.
In the embodiment, in the hyperspectral radiometric measurement process, when rainfall data acquired by a rainfall sensor module in a control box is greater than a set threshold, the control box controls a scanning stepping unit and an optical measuring unit to stop working; the control box controls the scanning stepping unit and the optical measurement unit to stop working, and the priority of the corresponding instruction is larger than that of the corresponding instruction of the hyperspectral radiometric measurement; thereby avoiding the system from working in rainy days and prolonging the service life of the system.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "radial", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or an implicit indication of the number of technical features. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
Claims (7)
1. An integrated hyperspectral radiometric system for ocean atmosphere, comprising:
optical measuring unit (1): the device comprises a light receiving module and a light processing module, wherein the light processing receiving module is used for receiving incident light signals of a measuring system and transmitting the incident light signals to the light processing module, and the light processing module is used for detecting the received incident light signals so as to realize the integrated measurement of solar, atmospheric and ocean optical radiant quantities;
scanning step control unit (2): the device comprises a horizontal scanning stepping control module and a vertical scanning stepping control module, wherein the horizontal scanning stepping control module and the vertical scanning stepping control module are used for controlling the horizontal rotation or the vertical rotation of an optical measuring unit according to the measurement requirement of a measuring system so as to enable a light receiving module to receive incident light signals corresponding to the sun, the atmosphere or the ocean;
control box (3): the stepping motor is used for data acquisition, storage and transmission, and position calculation and driving;
solar panel (4): for providing a power supply for the measurement system;
fixing bracket (5): the device is used for fixing the measuring system at a position where the hyperspectral radiation measurement is needed;
the light receiving module in the optical measuring unit (1) comprises two light inlet cylinders (6), a diaphragm (7), an optical fiber support frame (24), an optical fiber (8) and a CCD camera (9); the optical processing module comprises an attenuation sheet support frame (10), an optical fiber coupler (11), a Y-shaped optical fiber (12), a hyperspectral meter (13) and a shell (14);
the attenuation sheet support frame (10), the optical fiber coupler (11), the Y-shaped optical fiber (12) and the hyperspectral meter (13) are all arranged inside the shell (14);
the two light inlet cylinders (6) are arranged in parallel and have the same structure, the front end of each light inlet cylinder (6) is provided with an opening small hole, the middle of the inside of each light inlet cylinder is provided with a diaphragm (7), and the bottom of the rear end of each light inlet cylinder is fixedly connected with the surface of the shell (14);
each diaphragm (7) is connected with an optical fiber support frame (24), one end of each optical fiber (8) is fixed through the optical fiber support frame (24), the other end of each optical fiber (8) is connected with an incident light port of an optical fiber coupler (11) through an attenuation sheet support frame (10), and two emergent light ports of the optical fiber coupler (11) are respectively connected with a hyperspectral meter (13) through a Y-shaped optical fiber (12);
the CCD camera (9) is in communication connection with the control box (3), is fixedly arranged on the shell (14), and is positioned on the center line of the two light inlet cylinders (6);
an electronic shutter is arranged inside the optical fiber coupler (11);
and the optical fiber coupler (11) and the hyperspectral meter (13) are both provided with heat insulation shells.
2. The marine atmosphere integrated hyperspectral radiometric system according to claim 1, wherein a horizontal scanning stepping control module in the scanning stepping control unit (2) comprises a horizontal rotating shaft (15), a first stepping motor (16), a first harmonic speed reducer (17) and a horizontal sealing cylinder (18); the vertical scanning stepping control module comprises a vertical rotating shaft (19), a second stepping motor (20), a second harmonic speed reducer (21), a vertical sealing cylinder (22) and a base (23);
the first stepping motor (16) and the first harmonic speed reducer (17) are connected with each other and arranged in the horizontal sealing cylinder (18), and the second stepping motor (20) and the second harmonic speed reducer (21) are connected with each other and arranged in the vertical sealing cylinder (22);
the shell (14) of the optical measuring unit (1) is connected with a first stepping motor (16) through a horizontal rotating shaft (15) and is connected with a second stepping motor (20) through a vertical rotating shaft (19), the vertical sealing cylinder (22) is fixedly arranged on a base (23), and the base (23) is connected with a fixed support (5);
the first stepping motor (16) and the second stepping motor (20) are both connected with the control box (3).
3. The marine atmosphere integrated hyperspectral radiometric system according to claim 2, wherein the control box (3) comprises a main controller, and a clock module, a data acquisition module, a data storage module, a data transmission module, a motor driving module, a rainfall sensor module, a temperature and humidity sensor module and a human-computer interaction module which are connected with the main controller;
the motor driving module is also respectively connected with the first stepping motor (16) and the second stepping motor (20); the data acquisition module is also connected with the high-speed spectrograph (13) and the CCD camera (9); the data transmission module is also connected with a remote PC end; the man-machine interaction module is also connected with the user terminal.
4. A hyperspectral radiometric method based on the marine atmosphere integrated hyperspectral radiometric system of any one of claims 1-3 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining current position information and time information of the hyperspectral radiometric system;
s2, calculating the optimal observation geometrical condition of hyperspectral radiometry according to the current position information and the time information, and adjusting the position of a light inlet cylinder of the optical measuring unit by controlling a stepping motor so as to measure the current hyperspectral radiometric data;
s3, controlling the position of the optical measurement unit to return to zero through the scanning stepping control unit;
and S4, when the preset hyperspectral radiometric time point is reached, repeating the steps S1-S3, transmitting the hyperspectral radiometric data measured each time to a remote PC (personal computer) end, and completing the hyperspectral radiometric measurement.
5. The hyperspectral radiometric method according to claim 4, wherein in step S2, the position of the light inlet barrel of the optical measuring unit is adjusted according to the calculated optimal observation geometry to perform the direct solar spectral radiometric measurement, the sky spectral radiometric measurement and the sea spectral radiometric measurement in sequence.
6. The hyperspectral radiometric method according to claim 5, wherein the method for direct solar spectral radiometric is specifically:
a1, determining a zenith angle and an azimuth angle of the sun based on the current position information and the time information, and controlling a light inlet tube of the optical measurement unit to align the sun by adjusting the action of the step scanning unit;
a2, controlling the CCD camera to work, and further adjusting the position of the optical measurement unit according to the acquired CCD image data to realize accurate alignment of the sun;
a3, under the condition of accurate alignment of the sun, gating a light inlet cylinder for sunlight through an electronic shutter in the optical fiber coupler, and measuring the current direct solar radiation through a hyperspectral meter;
a4, repeating the steps A1-A3 at least three times to obtain direct solar spectral radiation measurement data;
the method for measuring the sky spectrum radiation specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating an optimal sky observation geometrical condition according to sun position information, controlling a light inlet cylinder of an optical measurement unit to rotate to a calculation position by adjusting the action of a step scanning unit, gating the light inlet cylinder of sky light through an electronic shutter in an optical fiber coupler, measuring current sky radiation through a hyperspectral meter, and continuously measuring for three times to further obtain sky spectrum radiation measurement data;
the method for measuring the spectral radiation of the seawater specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the optimal seawater observation geometrical condition according to the position of the sun, controlling a light inlet cylinder of an optical measurement unit to rotate to a calculation position by adjusting the action of a step scanning unit, selecting the light inlet cylinder of seawater light incidence through an electronic shutter in an optical fiber coupler, measuring the current seawater radiation through a hyperspectral meter, and continuously measuring for three times to further obtain the seawater spectral radiation measurement data.
7. The hyperspectral measurement method according to claim 4, wherein in the hyperspectral radiometric measurement process, when the rainfall data collected by a rainfall sensor module in a control box is greater than a set threshold, the control box controls a scanning stepping unit and an optical measurement unit to stop working;
and the control box controls the scanning stepping unit and the optical measurement unit to stop working, so that the priority of the corresponding instruction is greater than that of the corresponding instruction for hyperspectral radiometric measurement.
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| CN114397253B (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-24 | 中国海洋大学 | Water absorption coefficient measuring device based on natural light |
| CN114509396B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-07-29 | 中国海洋大学 | Marine plankton luminescence measurement and recognition device |
| CN117091811B (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2024-02-06 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Automatic time-sharing measurement method and device for observing radiance of multiple targets in calibration field |
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