CN113587752A - Cutting slope blasting excavation method - Google Patents
Cutting slope blasting excavation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113587752A CN113587752A CN202110761074.7A CN202110761074A CN113587752A CN 113587752 A CN113587752 A CN 113587752A CN 202110761074 A CN202110761074 A CN 202110761074A CN 113587752 A CN113587752 A CN 113587752A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
- F42D1/045—Arrangements for electric ignition
- F42D1/05—Electric circuits for blasting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting slope blasting excavation method, which comprises the following steps: blasting design: determining the safe distance between a blasting area and a protected object according to the blasting environment, and determining a stone excavation scheme and blasting parameter design according to the safe distance; detonating the network: adopting an anti-static non-electric differential detonating network, and determining the detonating interval time and the detonating sequence; checking and controlling the harmful effect of blasting: according to the harmful effect of blasting, measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, flying stone protection and control on blasting shock waves are taken, in the measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, the safety allowable standard of blasting vibration is determined according to a protected object, vibration control is carried out on the protected object, the measures of flying stone protection are protective measures for covering a blasting area, the measures of controlling blasting shock waves need to strictly control the dosage, and the hole opening is blocked by sand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, in particular to a cutting slope blasting excavation method.
Background
The geological conditions in China are complex, the situation of a high slope is inevitably met in the process of constructing highway engineering, the height of the slope is often more than 30m, the scale of the modified nature is overlarge, and the high slope is deformed after being excavated and disasters are caused frequently due to improper design of a construction method. Therefore, the construction investment is increased, the construction period is delayed, and hidden troubles are brought to the operation safety. In order to better ensure the smooth construction of highway engineering and enhance the quality of highway engineering construction, the research on the blasting excavation construction technology of the ultra-deep excavation roadbed under complex geology is particularly important.
In the prior art, the construction technology of blasting excavation of the ultra-deep excavation side roadbed under the complex geology comprises the following steps: (1) the construction method is a mechanical crushing method, and the construction method utilizes a crushing machine to excavate the stone. (2) The shallow hole loosening blasting is a blasting technology, the diameter of a blast hole is less than 75mm, the depth of the blast hole is less than 5m, and rock mass is crushed into rock mass without causing excessive scattering. (3) The shallow hole smooth blasting adopts a controlled blasting technology that blasting parameters are correctly selected and a reasonable construction method is adopted, and sectional differential blasting is carried out, so that the contour line after blasting meets the design requirement and the blank surface is smooth and regular. (4) The deep hole is subjected to loose blasting, the diameter of a blast hole is larger than 75mm, the depth of the blast hole is larger than 5m, and a rock body is crushed into rock blocks without causing excessive scattering. But current excavation road bed blasting excavation construction technology can make the rock mass produce the blasting crack, and then leads to the stability of cutting to reduce, and has the potential safety hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a cutting slope blasting excavation method, which can avoid rock mass from generating blasting cracks and enhance the protection of a protected object, thereby improving the stability and safety of high slope excavation under the heterogeneous geology.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the cutting slope blasting excavation method comprises the following steps:
blasting design: determining the safe distance between a blasting area and a protected object according to a blasting environment, and determining a stone excavation scheme and blasting parameter design according to the safe distance;
detonating the network: adopting an anti-static non-electric differential detonating network, and determining the detonating interval time and the detonating sequence;
checking and controlling the harmful effect of blasting: taking measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, protecting flying stones and controlling blasting shock waves according to the harmful effect of blasting, wherein the measures of checking and controlling the blasting vibration need to determine the safety allowable standard of the blasting vibration according to the protected object and carry out vibration control on the protected object, the measures of protecting the flying stones are measures of taking coverage protection on a blasting area, and the measures of controlling the blasting shock waves need to strictly control the dosage and are blocked by sand at orifices.
According to the cutting slope blasting excavation method provided by the embodiment of the invention, at least the following beneficial effects are achieved: the safe distance between a blasting area and a protected object is determined according to a blasting environment, an anti-static non-electric differential detonating network is adopted, and measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, flying rock protection and controlling blasting shock waves are taken according to blasting harmful effects, so that blasting cracks of rock mass are avoided, the protection of the protected object is enhanced, and the stability and the safety of high slope excavation under the heterogeneous geology are improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the stone excavation scheme comprises:
the mechanical rock drilling area sets the safe distance in an area within 50m, the mechanical rock drilling area adopts a mechanical rock drilling construction technology, and the mechanical rock drilling area is constructed in a top-down layered excavation mode;
blasting a first area, wherein the safe distance is set in an area within 50m to 100m by the first area, and the first area is blasted by adopting a shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting technology;
and blasting a second area, wherein the safe distance is set in an area beyond 100m in the second area, and the second area is blasted by adopting a conventional open-air soil rock deep hole step loosening control blasting technology.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the blasting parameter design comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) designing side slope pre-splitting blasting, wherein a protective excavation mode of the side slope pre-splitting blasting is adopted for excavating a rock side slope;
designing parameters of shallow hole step micro-seismic control blasting, wherein the unit consumption of explosive and the single-hole explosive loading are required to be reduced in the construction process of the shallow hole step micro-seismic control blasting, and large rocks are crushed by using a mechanical crushing method after blasting;
designing parameters of deep-hole step loosening control blasting, wherein trial blasting is required in the early construction stage of the deep-hole step loosening control blasting;
and designing charging and blocking parameters, wherein the charging and blocking parameter design comprises a filling length, a blocking quality, a charging structure and a hole distribution mode.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the determining the firing interval time and the firing order comprises:
the detonation interval time is a first threshold value, and the first threshold value is increased according to the increase of the row number of blast holes, the hole diameter and the resistance line;
and when the detonation sequence is determined, setting the axis of the protection object to be obliquely crossed with a resistance line of blast hole blasting.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the blasting a zone uses a two-hole one-section, three-hole one-section or hole-by-hole blasting circuit.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the vibration controlling of the protection object comprises: during blasting construction, real-time vibration monitoring is carried out on the position of the protection object, when blasting construction is carried out to the position close to the protection object, a trial blasting is needed, and the explosive loading is adjusted according to the vibration size of the trial blasting.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the safeguarding against coverage of the blast area comprises: and the controlled blasting of the shallow hole step slight shock adopts a covering protection measure, two sand bags are arranged above each blast hole after the charging is finished, steel plates are arranged on the sand bags, five layers of sand bags are placed on the steel plates, and each layer of sand bags is provided with 25 sand bags per square meter.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the flying stone protection measure further comprises:
the blasting resistance line is oriented to the open direction;
selecting reasonable unit drug consumption;
the front row adopts an uncoupled charging mode or spaced charging;
the water holes are treated, the blockage is strengthened, and the good blockage quality is ensured.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the means for controlling blast shock wave requires strict control of the amount of the explosive, and the blocking of the orifice with sand further comprises: and calculating the overpressure values of the air shock waves borne by different protected objects, and determining corresponding safe allowable distances.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating details of step S100 in the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a detailed flowchart of another step S100 in the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating details of step S200 in the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a specific flowchart of vibration control of the protected object in step S300 in the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a detailed flowchart of the protective measures for covering the blasting area in step S300 in the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another measure for protecting flying rocks in step S300 of the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating another measure of controlling the blasting shock wave in step S300 of the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a cut slope blasting excavation area in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of drilling for slope presplitting blasting in a cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a spaced charge in the cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous charge in a cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting protection in a cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: a high voltage line tower 10; a high-voltage line 11; an explosive storage 12; a mechanical rock drilling section 13; blasting a zone 14; blasting a second zone 15;
a primary explosion hole 20; a buffer hole 21; pre-split holes 22; a top slope edge line 23;
a detonating tube 30; a plugging section 31; a nonel detonator 32; a charge segment 33;
a sandbag 40; and a steel plate 41.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, and the above, below, exceeding, etc. are understood as excluding the present numbers, and the above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the present numbers. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
In the description of the present invention, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
A cutting slope blasting excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to fig. 1 to 13.
The embodiment of the invention provides a cutting slope blasting excavation method, and referring to fig. 1, the cutting slope blasting excavation method of the embodiment of the invention includes, but is not limited to, step S100, step S200, and step S300.
Step S100, blasting design: determining the safe distance between a blasting area and a protected object according to the blasting environment, and determining a stone excavation scheme and blasting parameter design according to the safe distance;
step S200, detonating the network: adopting an anti-static non-electric differential detonating network, and determining the detonating interval time and the detonating sequence;
step S300, checking and controlling the blasting harmful effect: according to the harmful effect of blasting, measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, flying stone protection and control on blasting shock waves are taken, in the measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, the safety allowable standard of blasting vibration is determined according to a protected object, vibration control is carried out on the protected object, the measures of flying stone protection are protective measures for covering a blasting area, the measures of controlling blasting shock waves need to strictly control the dosage, and the hole opening is blocked by sand.
And determining the safe distance between the blasting area and the protected object according to the blasting environment. The blasting environment is the environment around the blasting area, and the environment around the blasting area comprises construction facilities, landform and bottom lithology in engineering geology, loose rock pore water and bedrock fracture water in humanity geology; the protected objects include the building facilities of the high-voltage line tower 10, the peripheral roads, the residential areas, the farms, the flower and tree farms and the gas stations; the safety distance is the distance between the blasting area and the protected object, and reliable safety precaution measures can be taken; the protection object of the embodiment of the present invention is exemplified by a high voltage line tower 10.
And determining a stone excavation scheme and blasting parameter design according to the safe distance. It should be noted that, in order to mainly protect the safety of the high-voltage line tower 10 and the transmission line, a scheme of rock excavation is performed by adopting a mechanical rock drilling and blasting control mode.
Further, the priming circuit: and determining the detonation interval time and the detonation sequence by adopting an anti-static non-electric differential detonation network. It is to be noted that the deep hole step looseness control blasting is performed on two non-electric detonators with the same section position in each hole, the shallow hole step micro-shock control blasting is performed on a single non-electric detonator in each hole, and the micro-difference delay in the hole and the connection of a detonating tube detonator outside the hole or a cross joint with a booster network are adopted. The detonating station and the detonation section are connected by a detonating tube for detonation, and a non-electric detonator is used for detonation.
Further, checking and controlling blasting vibration according to the blasting harmful effect, wherein the checking and controlling of blasting vibration needs to determine a blasting vibration safety allowable standard according to a protected object and perform vibration control on the protected object. It should be noted that, according to the blasting safety regulations (GB6722-2014), the safety vibration allowable standard evaluates the vibration influence of various blasts on different types of buildings (structures) and other protected objects, and different safety criteria and allowable standards should be adopted, the blasting vibration criterion of the ground building, and the peak vibration speed and the main vibration frequency of the protected object at the geological point; the blasting vibration criterion of hydraulic tunnels, traffic tunnels, mine tunnels, central control room equipment of power stations (plants) and newly poured mass concrete adopts the peak vibration speed of mass points at the location of a protected object, and the safety allowable standard of blasting vibration is shown in the following table.
In the present embodiment, the protection object is the high-voltage line tower 10 near the explosion area, and the maximum allowable vibration speed is 2.0cm/s according to the requirement of the explosion vibration at the high-voltage line tower 10 near the explosion vibration safety allowable standard explosion area. It can be understood that, during blasting construction, real-time vibration monitoring is carried out on the positions of the two high-voltage line towers 10, when the blasting construction is carried out to a corresponding adjacent position, a trial blasting is firstly carried out, the proper explosive loading is adjusted according to the vibration size of the trial blasting, and the vibration of the positions of the high-voltage line towers 10 is controlled below 2.0 cm/s.
Based on this data, the maximum charge Q allowed for a single blast was calculated backmax。
Blasting earthquake safety distance formula: r ═ K/V)1/αQmax 1/3
In the formula: v-earthquake safe speed (cm/s)
Qmax-maximum segment charge, neat shot charge (kg)
K-coefficient relating to geological conditions
Alpha-blast attenuation coefficient
K. Alpha belongs to empirical values, and is taken according to the medium hard rock: k200, α 1.6
According to the data and the formula, the allowable maximum loading Q of the section at 1050m, 60m and 100m away from the high-voltage line tower during blasting is calculatedmaxThe table is as follows:
| distance from blast zone to protection | m | 50 | 60 | 100 |
| Maximum controlled dose | kg | 22.0 | 38.41 | 177.83 |
Note: k200, α 1.6, v 2.0cm/s
The calculation shows that the single-section dosage of the first explosion area at a position 50m away from the tower footing does not exceed 22.0kg, so that the safety can be ensured. The loading amount is 177.83Kg at a position 100m away from the electric tower; strictly controlling the single-shot dosage and the single-shot total explosive loading; along with the increase of the distance between the blasting point and the protected object and the data condition of vibration measurement feedback, the single-section dosage and the total dosage can be properly increased through calculation.
Further, the flying stone protection measure is a protection measure for covering a blasting area, and further controlling the influence of blasting individual flying objects on the high-voltage line tower 10 and the high-voltage line 11.
Further, air shock waves caused by surface explosive explosion can cause casualties and building damage within a certain range. The damage caused by the air shock wave is mainly the result of the overpressure and impulse. When the blasting adopts the drilling blasting, all the explosives are loaded in the blast holes, and the blasting scale is equivalent to the general 'weak loose blasting' due to the strict control of the explosive quantity and the blockage of sand at the hole openings, so that only tiny air shock waves can be generated, and the high-voltage wire tower and other protected objects are not influenced.
The safe distance between a blasting area and a protected object is determined according to a blasting environment, an anti-static non-electric differential detonating network is adopted, and measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, flying rock protection and controlling blasting shock waves are taken according to blasting harmful effects, so that blasting cracks of rock mass are avoided, the protection of the protected object is enhanced, and the stability and the safety of high slope excavation under the heterogeneous geology are improved.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of steps of an embodiment of a refinement process of step S100 in fig. 1, where step S100 includes, but is not limited to, step S110, step S120, and step S130.
Step S110, a mechanical rock drilling area 13, wherein the mechanical rock drilling area 13 sets the safety distance in an area within 50m, the mechanical rock drilling area 13 adopts a mechanical rock drilling construction technology, and the mechanical rock drilling area 13 is constructed in a top-down layered excavation mode;
step S120, blasting the first area 14, wherein the safety distance of the first area 14 is set within 50m to 100m by blasting the first area 14, and the blasting of the first area 14 adopts a shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting technology;
and S130, blasting the second area 15, wherein the safe distance of the second area 15 is set in an area beyond 100m, and the second area 15 is blasted by adopting a conventional open-air soil rock deep-hole step loosening control blasting technology.
Referring to fig. 9, the present embodiment divides the blasting area into a mechanical rock drilling section 13, a first blasting section 14, and a second blasting section 15 according to the high voltage line tower 10, the high voltage line 11.
Further, the mechanical rock drilling area 13 sets the safe distance in an area within 50m, the mechanical rock drilling area 13 adopts a mechanical rock drilling construction technology, and the mechanical rock drilling area 13 is constructed in a top-down layered excavation mode. The construction method comprises the steps of firstly excavating an overlying soil layer, drilling holes by using a phi 42mm pneumatic drill after distribution, splitting by using a diesel mine hammer, and then performing secondary crushing by using an excavator and a crushing hammer. Carrying out layered crushing according to the designed slope of the side slope, the steps and the elevation of the roadbed, matching the excavator to remove rock blocks, stopping mechanical crushing when the rock blocks are crushed to the designed slope, adopting manual work and a pneumatic pick to repair the stone surface, and finally carrying out full-section slope surface repairing by the excavator. The vibration generated by the mechanical rock drilling construction technology is very weak, the influence on a high-voltage iron tower can be reduced, the safety of the high-voltage line tower 10 and the high-voltage line 11 is ensured, the rock mass is prevented from generating blasting cracks, and the stability and the safety of the high slope excavation under the miscellaneous geology are further improved.
Further, the first zone 14 is blasted to set the safety distance in an area within 50m to 100m, and the first zone 14 is blasted by adopting a shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting technology. It should be noted that the controlled blasting technique using shallow hole step microseismic needs to control the following aspects: 1. controlling the scale of blasting, canceling an amplifying gun, and controlling the step height within 5 m;
2. blasting index n1The selection is as follows: n is1＜0.5，The unit consumption q is selected as follows: q is less than or equal to 0.30;
3. the parameters of the hole network are encrypted, explosives are loaded at the middle lower part of the hole, the blocking length is increased, and blasting flyrock is controlled;
4. the detonation network adopts 2-3 holes with one sound, and when the monitored vibration value is larger than the vibration value which can be borne by the protected object according to the blasting vibration monitoring feedback condition, a differential detonation network which detonates hole by hole is adopted;
5. the length of the blockage of the blast hole is increased, large rocks are easy to appear on the surface of the side slope, the large rocks generated after blasting cannot be reduced by adopting a blasting mode, and the large rocks need to be reduced by adopting a mechanical crushing mode.
Further, the safe distance is set in the area beyond 100m in the second blasting area 15, the conventional open-air soil rock deep-hole step loosening control blasting technology is adopted in the second blasting area 15, it needs to be stated that deep-hole step loosening control blasting is adopted, the step height is 5-10 m, and the blasting action index n is2Is selected to be less than 0.75 and the blasting action index n2Needs to be chosen close to 0.75.
It should be further explained that when there is no protection object needing protection measures in the blasting area, the conventional open-air soil rock deep hole step loosening control blasting technology is adopted in the blasting area.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a flowchart of steps of another embodiment of the refinement process of step S100 in fig. 1, wherein step S100 includes, but is not limited to, step S140, step S150, step S160, and step S170.
Step S140, designing slope presplitting blasting, wherein the rock slope is excavated in a protective excavation mode of the slope presplitting blasting;
s150, designing parameters of shallow hole step micro-seismic control blasting, wherein the unit consumption of explosive and the single-hole explosive loading amount need to be reduced in the construction process of the shallow hole step micro-seismic control blasting, and large rocks are crushed by using a mechanical crushing method after blasting;
s160, designing parameters of the deep-hole step loosening control blasting, wherein a trial blasting is required in the early construction stage of the deep-hole step loosening control blasting;
s170, designing charging and blocking parameters, wherein the charging and blocking parameters comprise filling length, blocking quality, charging structure and hole distribution mode.
And (3) designing slope pre-splitting blasting, wherein the rock slope is excavated in a protective excavation mode of the slope pre-splitting blasting, a main blasting area of the slope is blasted in shallow-hole small-step bench sections, each designed slope step is excavated in a layered mode, and the slope is excavated downwards layer by layer.
The blasting parameters of the slope presplitting blasting design are as follows:
diameter of blast hole 42mm and diameter d of explosive package 132 mm; the drilling angle is consistent with the design slope.
Pitch a150cm, row spacing b1＝50cm；
Line of least resistance W1D (15-25), W is taken as the maximum resistance line1＝1.0m；
Taking explosive loading density of an explosive wire: 0.2 kg/m-0.3 kg/m;
length of blockage L1＝(1.0～1.3)W1。
The single-hole dosage is calculated by the formula Q1＝H1×q1And calculating and carrying out experimental adjustment.
In the formula: q1-single-well dose, kg;
q1the unit consumption of explosive is related to the structural property of the body to be exploded, and the engineering is selected from 0.2 to 0.3 kg/m;
H1blast hole depth.
Drilling arrangement referring to fig. 10, the drilling arrangement comprises main blastholes 20, buffer holes 21, pre-splitting holes 22 and slope top sidelines 23, and the pitch between the main blastholes 20 is a1The pitch between the buffer holes 21 and the pitch between the main explosion hole 20 and the buffer hole 21 are both b when the pitch is 50cm1The pre-splitting hole 22 is arranged on a slope top side line 23 close to the slope edge, and the pre-splitting hole 22 adopts a spaced charging mode.
The design of shallow hole step slight shock control blasting needs to reduce the unit consumption of explosive and the single-hole explosive loading in the construction process of the shallow hole step slight shock control blasting, large rocks are crushed by a mechanical crushing method after blasting, the drilling depth is less than 5m, the drilling diameter is 50mm or 42mm, and then safe construction is guaranteed, flying stones are strictly forbidden, and the influence of vibration on national provincial roads and a high-voltage line tower 10 is controlled.
The parameters of shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting are designed as follows:
diameter of blast hole: d250mm or 42 mm;
line of least resistance W2＝(25～30)d；
Taking the explosive per unit consumption: 0.25kg/m 3-0.30 kg/m 3;
length of blockage L2＝(1.0-1.5)W2Or greater than 1/3 borehole depth.
Calculating the single-hole dosage:
by the formula Q2＝a2×b2×H2×q2And calculating and carrying out experimental adjustment.
In the formula: q2-single-well dose, kg;
q2the specific consumption of explosive is related to the physical property of rock, the specific consumption is properly reduced by adopting micro-shock blasting in the area, and 0.30kg/m3 is taken for parameter design;
A2、b2-spacing, row spacing, m, of blastholes;
H2-step height, m.
The blasting parameters of shallow hole control of each step height are calculated as follows:
the parameter design of the deep hole step looseness control blasting, the construction earlier stage of the deep hole step looseness control blasting needs to be tried out, and then the best blasting parameter is obtained, the blasting effect is controlled, broken rocks form reasonable and even blasting piles, and the shovel loading operation is facilitated.
(1) The basic parameters of the phi 76mm deep hole control blasting technology are as follows:
deep hole control blasting hole diameter d3＝76mm；
(ii) drilling an ultra-deep hole h ═ c0.08～0.12)H3
③ depth L of blast hole3＝H3+h
Chassis resistance wire W3≤H3ctgα3+B
In the formula: w3-chassis resistance line, m;
α3-step slope angle, the engineering slope angle being about 85 °;
H3-step height;
b, the safe distance from the center of the drill hole to the top line of the slope, wherein B is more than or equal to 2.0-3.0 m for a large-scale drilling machine;
calculated W3≤H310ctg85°+2.0＝2.9m，
Hole pitch (a)3、b3)
a3＝(1.0～1.2)W3，b3＝(0.8～1.0)b3
Sixthly, the unit consumption of explosive (q)3)
Unit consumption q of the design30.35kg/m3 was taken
Seventhly, calculating the medicine quantity of a single medicine package
The loading of each hole of the first row of holes is as follows:
Q3＝q3·a3·W3·H3＝0.35×3×2.9×10＝30.4kg
the second row has the following charge per hole:
Q3＝k·q3·a3·W3·H3＝1.2×0.35×3×2.5×10＝31.5kg
in the formula: k is an increasing coefficient under the action of the resistance of the ore rocks in each row of holes, and k is 1.1-1.2;
(2) summary of deep hole control blasting parameters
According to geological exploration data, conditions such as lithology and rock stratum are displayed, site reconnaissance is carried out, the height of a deep hole loosening blasting design standard step is determined to be 5-10 m, the height of the step is adjusted according to actual requirements during construction, and blasting parameters are summarized as shown in the following table:
the design of charging and blocking parameters comprises filling length, blocking quality, charging structure and hole distribution mode.
(1) Packing length: and D, the plugging length L is (20-30) D, and D is the diameter of the blast hole and mm.
In order to control blasting vibration and flyrock, typical step loosening is adopted to control blasting, the filling length of a blasting hole with the aperture phi of 76mm is more than or equal to 3m, the filling length of the blasting hole with the aperture phi of 50mm/42mm is more than or equal to 1.2 times of the minimum resistance line, and clay with higher density is adopted for dense blocking.
(2) The blocking quality is as follows: for the anhydrous blast hole in the blocking section, the blocking material adopts drilling rock powder or sandy soil, no stones are clamped in the blocking material, soil is filled while lightly tamping is carried out during blocking, less soil is filled and more soil is tamped, hole blocking is prevented, and the detonator wire is protected. For blast holes with water at the orifice blocking section, the blocking length is reasonably increased and the blast holes are filled with gravel soil or melon and rice stone with smaller particle size, and the gravel soil or melon and rice stone can sink rapidly in water and cannot be adhered to each other to block the holes, so that the blocking quality of the water holes is ensured.
(3) The charge structure: the deep hole is become flexible the blasting and is selected for use 60mm emulsion explosive, 32mm emulsion explosive is selected for use in shallow hole control blasting, adopt continuous powder charge or interval charging structure, interval charging structure is as shown in FIG. 11, interval charging structure includes two sections blocking sections, two sections powder charge sections 33, two detonating tube detonator 32 and two detonating tubes 30, two detonating tubes 30 are connected with a detonating tube detonator 32 respectively, the top of drilling is blocking section 31, the drilling bottom is powder charge section 33, two sections blocking sections 31 and two sections powder charge sections 33 interval settings, two detonating tube detonators 32 set up respectively on two sections powder charge sections 33. The continuous charging structure is shown in fig. 12, and comprises a detonator 30, one or two detonators 32, a blocking section 31 and a charging section 33, wherein the blocking section 31 is arranged at the top of a drill hole, the charging section 33 is arranged at the bottom of the drill hole, and the detonator 30 and the one or two detonators 32 are connected with the one or two detonators 32 and are arranged at the charging section 33.
(4) The hole distribution mode adopts a quincunx hole distribution mode, and the explosion effect can be improved by adopting the quincunx hole distribution mode.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating steps of an embodiment of a refinement process of step S200 in fig. 1, where step S200 includes, but is not limited to, step S210 and step S220.
Step S210, setting the detonation interval time as a first threshold value, wherein the first threshold value is increased according to the increase of the row number, the aperture and the resistance line of the blast holes;
and step S220, setting the axis of the protected object to be obliquely crossed with a resistance line of blast hole blasting when determining the detonation sequence.
The detonation interval time is a first threshold value, the first threshold value is increased according to the increase of the row number, the aperture and the resistance line of the blast holes, and the purpose of improving the blasting effect can be achieved when the delay time between the sections is 50-75 ms.
When the detonation sequence is determined, the axis of the protected object is set to be obliquely crossed with the resistance line of blast hole blasting, so that the resistance line faces to the open direction, the shock reduction and the flying rock reduction are facilitated, the rock mass is prevented from generating blasting cracks, the protection of the protected object is enhanced, and the stability and the safety of high slope excavation under the miscellaneous geology are improved.
It should be noted that the blasting first area 14 adopts a two-hole same-section, three-hole same-section or hole-by-hole detonating network, since the blasting first area 14 is close to the protected object, the single-explosive quantity and the single blasting total explosive quantity need to be reduced as much as possible, the two-hole same-section or three-hole same-section detonating network is adopted, when the detonation vibration amplitude value exceeds the vibration amplitude value which can be borne by the protected object, the hole-by-hole detonating network with a small vibration amplitude value needs to be adopted, which specific detonating mode needs to be determined according to the specific situation on site, and the single-explosive quantity controlled by the shockproof requirement of the buildings of the peripheral units and the direction of the minimum resistance line are mainly considered to avoid the direction of the protected object as much as possible.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flow chart of steps of an embodiment of a refinement flow of step S300 in fig. 1, where step S300 includes, but is not limited to, step S310.
Step S310, during blasting construction, real-time vibration monitoring is carried out on the position of the protected object, when the blasting construction is carried out to the position close to the protected object, a pilot gun needs to be firstly carried out, and the explosive loading is adjusted according to the vibration size of the pilot gun.
It can be understood that, when the blasting construction is tried, the single-section loading quantity is required to be strictly controlled to the maximum allowable single-section loading quantity Q during the blasting loadingmaxMaximum segment charge Q specified in the TablemaxThe explosive loading test blasting is carried out, and according to data fed back by explosion monitoring, explosion parameters such as hole row spacing, hole depth and explosive loading are adjusted in time, and after adjustment, the single-section explosive loading is strictly controlled not to exceed the maximum-section explosive loading Q after adjustmentmaxAnd the vibration speed of the mass point caused by blasting is ensured to be within a safe allowable range.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a flow chart of steps of another embodiment of the refinement flow of step S300 in fig. 1, wherein step S300 includes, but is not limited to, step S320.
And S320, taking a covering protection measure for the controlled blasting of shallow hole step microseismic, arranging two sand bags above each blast hole after the charging is finished, arranging steel plates on the sand bags, placing five sand bags on the steel plates, and arranging 25 sand bags per square meter on each layer.
Note that the safe distance R for blasting individual flystonesFIt is generally calculated according to the following empirical formula: rF＝20×KF×n2×W
In the formula: kFSafety factor, generally taking KF＝1.0～1.5；
n-blasting effect index;
w-line of least resistance.
By means of zoning and adopting a shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting technology, the blasting action index is equal to 0.5, the small-aperture shallow step blasting is carried out, the minimum resistance line is equal to 1.0, and the safety distance RF of the flyrock is equal to 20 multiplied by 1.5 multiplied by 0.52 multiplied by 1.0 multiplied by 7.5 m.
Covering protection measures are taken for control blasting of shallow hole step microseisms, before detonation, two sand bags 40 are pressed above each blast hole after explosive charging is finished to prevent punching, steel plates 41 are arranged on the sand bags 40, five sand bags 40 are placed on the steel plates 41, each sand bag 40 is provided for each square meter, certain weight is further ensured on the steel plates 41, blasting shock waves can be resisted, blasting flystones can be controlled, and a schematic diagram of control blasting protection of shallow hole step microseisms is shown in fig. 13.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating steps of another embodiment of the refinement process of step S300 in fig. 1, wherein step S300 includes, but is not limited to, step S330, step S340, step S350, and step S360.
Step S330, the blasting resistance line is oriented to the open direction;
s340, selecting a reasonable unit drug consumption;
s350, adopting an uncoupled charging mode or spaced charging mode in the front row;
and S360, treating the water holes, strengthening blockage and ensuring good blockage quality.
It should be further noted that the flying stone protection measures further include:
the blast resistance line is directed in the open direction, and is prevented from being directed toward the high-voltage line tower 10 or the protected object.
Secondly, the selection of reasonable unit drug consumption is the key for controlling the flying stones, and the phenomenon that a large amount of flying stones are too far due to the fact that the single-hole drug consumption is too large can be avoided by selecting the reasonable unit drug consumption.
Thirdly, the front row adopts an uncoupled charging mode or spaced charging. The front row is provided with conventional blast holes and spaced charging, wherein the spaced charging is divided into two layers, the upper layer is charged with 30% of the explosive, and the lower layer is charged with 70% of the explosive, so that a rock blasting curtain is formed to prevent individual rock flying.
Fourthly, the water holes are treated, the blockage is strengthened, and the good blockage quality is ensured. The blocking length is not enough or the blocking quality is not good, especially if water blast holes exist, blasting is caused, and a large amount of flying stones appear. It can be understood that the blasting flying stones and the rolling stones can be effectively controlled by adopting the measures.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a flow chart of steps of another embodiment of the refinement flow of step S300 in fig. 1, wherein step S300 includes, but is not limited to, step S370.
And step S370, calculating the air shock wave overpressure values born by different protected objects, and determining corresponding safe allowable distances.
It should be noted that, according to the rules of safety of blasting, when a large number of explosions are performed on the ground surface, the overpressure values of the air shock waves borne by different protected objects should be calculated, and corresponding safety allowable distances are determined, and the safety allowable distances of the air shock waves to the worker who avoids the blasting in the bunker can be determined according to the following formula:
Rk＝25Q1/3
in the formula: rkThe minimum allowable distance of the air blast to the personnel in the shelter;
q is the quantity of TNT explosive in one explosion, kg.
Overpressure calculation formula:
△P＝14Q/R3+4.3Q2/3/R2+1.1Q1/3/R
in the formula: delta P-overpressure value of air shock wave, 105kpa；
Q is the quantity of TNT explosive for one-time blasting, kg;
r is the distance from the explosion source to the protected object, m.
Construction is carried out according to design requirements strictly in blasting construction, and personnel and mechanical equipment are evacuated to the outside of a blasting warning line during blasting, so that the damage of air shock waves can be prevented.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. A cutting slope blasting excavation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
blasting design: determining the safe distance between a blasting area and a protected object according to a blasting environment, and determining a stone excavation scheme and blasting parameter design according to the safe distance;
detonating the network: adopting an anti-static non-electric differential detonating network, and determining the detonating interval time and the detonating sequence;
checking and controlling the harmful effect of blasting: taking measures of checking and controlling blasting vibration, protecting flying stones and controlling blasting shock waves according to the harmful effect of blasting, wherein the measures of checking and controlling the blasting vibration need to determine the safety allowable standard of the blasting vibration according to the protected object and carry out vibration control on the protected object, the measures of protecting the flying stones are measures of taking coverage protection on a blasting area, and the measures of controlling the blasting shock waves need to strictly control the dosage and are blocked by sand at orifices.
2. The cutting slope blasting excavation method of claim 1, wherein the rock excavation scheme comprises:
the mechanical rock drilling area sets the safe distance in an area within 50m, the mechanical rock drilling area adopts a mechanical rock drilling construction technology, and the mechanical rock drilling area is constructed in a vertical layering and longitudinal segmentation excavation mode;
blasting a first area, wherein the safe distance is set in an area within 50m to 100m by the first area, and the first area is blasted by adopting a shallow hole step microseismic controlled blasting technology;
and blasting a second area, wherein the safe distance is set in an area beyond 100m in the second area, and the second area is blasted by adopting a conventional open-air soil rock deep hole step loosening control blasting technology.
3. The cutting slope blasting excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the blasting parameter design comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) designing side slope pre-splitting blasting, wherein a protective excavation mode of the side slope pre-splitting blasting is adopted for excavating a rock side slope;
designing parameters of shallow hole step micro-seismic control blasting, wherein the unit consumption of explosive and the single-hole explosive loading are required to be reduced in the construction process of the shallow hole step micro-seismic control blasting, and large rocks are crushed by using a mechanical crushing method after blasting;
designing parameters of deep-hole step loosening control blasting, wherein trial blasting is required in the early construction stage of the deep-hole step loosening control blasting;
and designing charging and blocking parameters, wherein the charging and blocking parameter design comprises a filling length, a blocking quality, a charging structure and a hole distribution mode.
4. The cut slope blasting excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the determining of the initiation interval time and the initiation sequence comprises:
the detonation interval time is a first threshold value, and the first threshold value is increased according to the increase of the row number of blast holes, the hole diameter and the resistance line;
and when the detonation sequence is determined, setting the axis of the protection object to be obliquely crossed with a resistance line of blast hole blasting.
5. The cutting slope blasting excavation method according to claim 4, wherein the blasting area adopts a two-hole one-section, three-hole one-section or hole-by-hole blasting circuit.
6. The cutting slope blasting excavation method according to claim 2, wherein the vibration control of the protected object includes: during blasting construction, real-time vibration monitoring is carried out on the position of the protection object, when blasting construction is carried out to the position close to the protection object, a trial blasting is needed, and the explosive loading is adjusted according to the vibration size of the trial blasting.
7. The cut slope blasting excavation method according to claim 3, wherein the taking of coverage protection measures for the blasting area comprises: and the controlled blasting of the shallow hole step slight shock adopts a covering protection measure, two sand bags are arranged above each blast hole after the charging is finished, steel plates are arranged on the sand bags, five layers of sand bags are placed on the steel plates, and each layer of sand bags is provided with 25 sand bags per square meter.
8. The cut slope blasting excavation method according to claim 7, wherein the measures for protecting flying rocks further include:
the blasting resistance line is oriented to the open direction;
selecting reasonable unit drug consumption;
the front row adopts an uncoupled charging mode or spaced charging;
the water holes are treated, the blockage is strengthened, and the good blockage quality is ensured.
9. The cutting slope blasting excavation method according to claim 3, wherein the blasting shock wave control measure requires strict control of the amount of the blasting shock wave, and the blocking of the hole opening with sand further comprises: and calculating the overpressure values of the air shock waves borne by different protected objects, and determining corresponding safe allowable distances.
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| CN114877765A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-09 | 保利长大工程有限公司 | Blasting control method for temporary traffic road section |
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