CN113580994B - Intelligent optimization method and system for electric vehicle integrated charging - Google Patents
Intelligent optimization method and system for electric vehicle integrated charging Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Abstract
An intelligent optimization method and system for electric vehicle integrated charging. The method comprises the steps that firstly, for each time interval t, electric vehicle information connected to a charging pile in each time interval is collected; then, establishing a mathematical model of the energy requirement of the electric automobile and classifying the electric automobile into a rigid charging group (group 1), a flexible charging group (group 2) and a discharging group (group 3); calculating the charging/discharging priority of the electric automobile according to the remaining residence time of the electric automobile and the SOC state of the battery, and distributing the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile according to the priority; then, the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile needing to be charged in the parking lot is adjusted by combining the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot; finally, updating the charging data of the electric automobile and selecting to finish the method or optimize the charging and discharging distribution of the next time interval t according to the judgment condition; the invention also discloses an integrated charging intelligent optimization seeking system based on the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an intelligent optimization method and system for integrated charging of an electric vehicle, and belongs to the field of energy management of electric vehicle charging stations.
Background
Global warming brings many environmental problems, people pay more and more attention to environmental protection, and how to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases is the focus of research. Greenhouse gas emission of transportation means accounts for about 23% of total global emission, so that the use of low-emission or zero-emission electric automobiles instead of fuel vehicles is the key to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Despite the low prevalence of electric vehicles at present, electric vehicle penetration is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, as encouraged by government policy. The uncoordinated charging of the high-permeability electric automobile can bring different degrees of influence on the safe and stable operation of the power distribution network, such as power loss, voltage deviation, out-of-limit switching and the like. Therefore, how to improve the permeability of the electric vehicle on the premise of not influencing the infrastructure of the power distribution network is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an intelligent optimization method and system for electric vehicle integrated charging. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an intelligent optimization method for electric vehicle integrated charging comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring the information of the electric vehicle connected to the charging pile in each time interval for each time interval t;
step 2: establishing a mathematical model of the energy requirement of the electric automobile;
and step 3: classifying the electric automobiles in groups;
and 4, step 4: respectively calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric automobile in each group, and distributing the charging electric quantity of the electric automobiles according to the priority;
and 5: adjusting the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile needing to be charged in the parking lot by combining the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot;
step 6: updating the charging data of the electric vehicles according to the charging and discharging distribution condition in the step 5 so as to judge whether the charging quantity of the electric vehicles meets the charging requirement of the electric vehicle group; determining whether the current time interval t is the end time, if so, ending the method; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and optimizing the charge-discharge distribution of the next time interval t according to the updated information of the electric vehicle.
In step 1, the collected information comprises the total number of electric vehicles connected with the parking lot charging pileTime t for ith electric vehicle to arrive at parking lot i,s SOC State S when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot i,ini And the time t when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot i,e SOC state S expected to be reached by the ith electric vehicle when leaving the parking i,expect Charging power upper limit ^ of the ith electric vehicle battery over time interval>And the upper discharging power limit ^ of the ith electric automobile battery in the t time interval>/>
In step 2, the mathematical model includes the following:
the out-of-limit constraint of the connected charging pile transformer meets the following relational expression:
wherein L is load,t Representing the normal load of the connected charging post transformer during the time interval t,indicates the actual charging power, based on the actual charging power of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t>Represents the actual discharge power of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval T nor Indicating the rated power of the connected charging post transformer.
The SOC constraint of each electric vehicle battery in the time interval t meets the following relational expression:
wherein S is i,min Represents the minimum SOC lower limit of the ith electric vehicle battery, S i,t Represents the SOC value of the ith electric vehicle battery in the time interval t, S i,max Representing the maximum upper limit of the SOC of the ith electric automobile battery; t represents the total time.
The method for classifying the groups comprises the following steps:
in the time interval t, the residual charging time of the ith electric vehicle is
Wherein, t i,e Indicating leaving of i-th electric vehicleTime of yard;
further, the minimum SOC of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t can be found:
wherein, E i And the rated capacity of the ith electric automobile is shown.
At this time, the SOC is the minimum SOC state according to each electric automobile in the time interval of t i,min,t True SOC State SOC over time t i,now And the desired SOC state S i,expect Grouping electric vehicle groups:
the rigid charging population, population 1, satisfies the following condition:
SOC i,now <SOC i,min,t
the flexible charging population, population 2, satisfies the following conditions:
SOC i,min,t <SOC i,now <S i,expect
the discharge population, population 3, satisfies the following condition:
S i,except <SOC i,now <S i,max
in step 4, for the charging groups, i.e. group 1 and group 2, the charging priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
for the discharge group, i.e. group 3, the discharge priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
for the ith in population 1 group1 The charge capacity distributed to the vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
wherein N is group1 The number of the electric automobiles in the rigid charging group is shown,represents the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>Representing the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle; t is a unit of res,t Representing the deduction of the conventional load L of the connected charging pile transformer load,t Later transformer margin, <' >>Representing the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle rigid charging group;
charging capacity distributed to each electric vehicle in group 2 in t time intervalThe calculation method is the same as that of the method: and calculating the ratio of the charging priority value of each electric vehicle in the electric vehicle group 2 to the sum of the charging priority values of all the electric vehicles in the group 2, and multiplying the ratio by the margin of the transformer after the conventional load is deducted.
step 501: for each time interval t, first, the maximum charging power upper limit is setCharging is carried out, and the charging requirement of the parking lot within the time interval t is solved>
Step 502: according to T res,t Andcalculating the charging requirement or the discharging capability of the electric automobile;
step 503: and adjusting the charge and discharge electric quantity distribution according to the charge requirement and the discharge capacity calculated in the step 502.
In step 501, charging demand of parking lot in time interval tNamely the sum of the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles connected with the charging pile in the parking lot in the time interval t, namely the sum of the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles in the parking lot in the time interval t and the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles in the parking lot charging pile-in-place area t and the maximum charging power upper limits in the parking lot charging pile-in-place area t>And (4) the sum of the upper limits of the maximum charging power of the electric vehicle.
In step 502, ifAt the moment, the allowance of the transformer can meet the charging requirement of the parking lot, and the charging method does not need to be changed;
if it is notReclassifying the electric vehicle groups by using the method in the step 3, calculating the charge-discharge priority value of each electric vehicle in each group by using the method in the step 4, and calculating the charge demand or the discharge capacity of the group by using the following relation: />
Charging demand of rigid charging group, i.e. group 1, in t time intervalThe following relation is satisfied:
therein, SOC i1,min,t Represents the minimum lower limit of the SOC, SOC of the battery of the i1 st electric vehicle in the time interval of t i1,now Representing the true SOC state of the i1 st electric vehicle in the population 1 during the t time interval, E i1 Representing the rated capacity of the ith 1 electric vehicle in the group 1;
flexible charging demand of population, population 2, over time interval tThe following relation is satisfied:
wherein N is group2 Indicating the number of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group, S i2,expect Represents the expected SOC state, SOC, of the i2 th electric vehicle in the group 2 when leaving the parking i2,now Represents the true SOC state of the i2 th electric vehicle in the group 2 during the t time interval, E i2 Indicating the rated capacity of the i2 th electric automobile in the group 2,representing the upper limit of the charging power of the i2 th electric automobile battery in the group 2 in the t time interval;
discharging the population in the t time interval, i.e. the discharge capacity of population 3The following relation is satisfied:
wherein, N group3 Indicates the number of electric vehicles in the discharge group, S i3,expect Represents the expected SOC state, SOC, of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3 when leaving the parking i2,now Representing the true SOC state, E, of the i3 rd electric vehicle in the group 3 during the t time interval i2 Indicates the rated capacity of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3,and the upper limit of the discharge power of the ith 3 electric automobile batteries in the group 3 in the time interval t is shown.
In step 503, ifIt is shown that the transformer margin at this time can satisfy the charging requirement of the group 1, the charging requirement of the group 1 is unchanged, and the charging requirement of the group 2 cannot be completely satisfied, so that the remaining energy is distributed according to the charging priority:
wherein,representing ith in flexible charging group of electric automobile group2 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>Indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle; />Representing the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle flexible charging group;
no charge is allocated to the group 3;
if it is usedThe residual energy of the transformation at this time cannot satisfy the charging requirement of the group 1, and the discharging capability of the group 3 needs to be based on>And distributing the charging capacity.
According to the discharge capacity of the population 3The method for distributing the charging capacity comprises the following steps:
if it is notThe discharge capacity of the population 3 at this time cannot meet the remaining charge demand of the population 1, and the energy allocation of the population 1 at this time is:
if it is notThe discharging capacity of the group 3 at this time can satisfy the remaining charging demand of the group 1, and the energy distribution of the group 1 at this time satisfies the following relational expression:
at this time, the group 3 also supplies the charging energy to the group 2, and the energy distribution of the group 2 satisfies the following relational expression:
the invention also discloses an electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization system based on the electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization method, which comprises a data acquisition module, an electric vehicle group classification module, a charging and discharging priority calculation module, a charging electric quantity distribution module, a transformer margin comparison module, a charging demand calculation module and a discharging capacity calculation module:
the data acquisition module acquires the information of the electric automobiles connected to the parking lot charging piles within a time interval t, wherein the information comprises the total number of the electric automobiles connected with the parking lot charging piles, the time of each electric automobile arriving at the parking lot, the time of each electric automobile leaving the parking lot, the expected SOC state of each electric automobile when leaving the parking lot, the upper charging power limit of each electric automobile battery within the time interval t and the upper discharging power limit of the ith electric automobile battery within the time interval t, and the acquired data are input to all other modules;
the electric vehicle group classification module divides the electric vehicles into a group 1, a group 2 and a group 3 according to the real SOC state of each electric vehicle in a time interval t, the minimum SOC state of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the expected SOC state of each electric vehicle when the electric vehicle leaves the parking distance and the maximum upper limit of the SOC of each electric vehicle battery, and the groups respectively represent a rigid charging group, a flexible charging group and a discharging group;
the charging and discharging priority calculation module calculates the charging priority values of the group 1 and the group 2 and the discharging priority value of the group 3, and inputs the calculation results to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
the charging demand calculation module calculates the charging demands of the group 1 and group 2 electric vehicles and inputs the results to the transformer margin module;
the discharge capacity calculation module calculates the discharge capacity of the group 3 electric vehicles and inputs the result to the transformer margin comparison module;
the transformer margin module compares the transformer margin with the charging requirement of the group 1 and the discharging capacity of the group 3, and inputs the comparison result to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
and the charging electric quantity distribution module calculates, adjusts and distributes the charging electric quantities of the group 1 and the group 2 according to the comparison result of the transformer margin module.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the coupling relation between the charging requirement of each electric automobile and the current battery state at the same time is fully considered, and the charge-discharge distribution coordination is carried out by combining the requirements of all electric automobiles and the real-time charge-discharge conditions at the same time.
2. The method intelligently groups the electric automobile groups, sorts the charging and discharging priorities, and optimizes the charging behavior of the electric automobile groups according to the relationship between the charging demand and the transformer allowance so as to meet the requirement of simultaneously charging more electric automobiles and realize the maximization of the permeability of the electric automobiles.
3. The algorithm provided by the invention can rapidly group the electric vehicles and accurately analyze the relationship between the group charging requirement of the electric vehicles and the allowance of the transformer so as to maximize the charging efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an intelligent optimization approach method for integrated charging of an electric vehicle and a system implementation thereof.
FIG. 2 is a graph of a conventional load curve for a power distribution network;
FIG. 3 is a load graph of 200 electric vehicles charging uncoordinated;
FIG. 4 is a graph of electric vehicle charge load at different permeabilities after applying the intelligent strategy presented herein.
Detailed Description
The present application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby.
An intelligent optimization seeking method and system for electric vehicle integrated charging are disclosed, wherein the flow diagram of the method is shown in figure 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: for each time interval t, acquiring connection to charging in each time interval through a control device of the parking lotElectric vehicle information of the pile, the information including the total number of electric vehicles connected to the parking lot charging pileTime t for ith electric vehicle to arrive at parking lot i,s SOC State S when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot i,ini Time t when ith electric vehicle leaves parking lot i,e SOC state S expected to be reached by the ith electric vehicle when leaving the parking i,expect Upper limit on charging power of the ith electric vehicle battery over a time interval t->And the upper discharging power limit ^ of the ith electric automobile battery in the t time interval>
Step 2: and establishing a mathematical model of the energy requirement of the electric automobile.
Further, the step 2 is as follows:
calculating the residence time of the ith electric automobile in the parking lot:
t i,stop =t i,s -t i,e
wherein, t i,s Is the time when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot, t i,e Is the time when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot.
Assuming that the ith electric vehicle is charged with the maximum charging power all the time during the stay time, the theoretical state of charge (SOC) of the battery at the end of charging satisfies the following condition:
wherein, S' i,fin Is the theoretical SOC, S at the end of charging of the ith electric vehicle i,ini Is the SOC state when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot, S i,max Is the ith electric vehicle batteryThe maximum upper limit of the SOC of (b),is the charging power upper limit of the ith electric automobile battery in the time interval t, and is greater than or equal to>Is the charging efficiency of the battery.
Obtaining the actual SOC of the ith electric automobile when the ith electric automobile leaves the parking lot according to the SOC requirement of the user
Wherein S is i,expect Is the SOC state that the ith electric vehicle is expected to reach when leaving the parking length.
In the charging process, each electric vehicle needs to satisfy the following constraint conditions:
and (3) restricting the charging power of each electric vehicle:
wherein,the method comprises the following steps that an arbitrary time interval of actual charging power of an ith electric automobile in a time interval T is represented, and T represents total time;
the discharge power constraint of each electric automobile meets the following relational expression:
wherein,representing the actual discharge power of the ith electric automobile in the t time interval;
each electric automobile cannot simultaneously charge and discharge, and the constraint meets the following relational expression:
the out-of-limit constraint of the connected charging pile transformer meets the following relational expression:
wherein L is load,t Representing the normal load of the connected charging post transformer during the time interval t,represents the total number of the electric vehicles connected with the charging pile in the parking lot, and>indicates the actual charging power, based on the actual charging power of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t>Represents the actual discharge power of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval T nor Indicating the rated power of the connected charging post transformer. />
The SOC constraint of each electric vehicle battery in the time interval t meets the following relational expression:
wherein S is i,min Represents the minimum lower limit of SOC of the ith electric vehicle battery, S i,t Representing the SOC value of the ith electric vehicle battery in the t time interval;
and step 3: according to the remaining charging time of each electric automobile, calculating the minimum SOC state SOC of each electric automobile in each time interval i,min,t Then, againAnd dividing the electric automobile group connected with the charging piles into a rigid charging group, a flexible charging group and a discharging group, namely a group 1, a group 2 and a group 3 according to the SOC state and the charging requirement of each electric automobile in the time interval t.
Further, the step 3 is as follows:
in the time interval t, the residual charging time of the ith electric vehicle is
Wherein, t i,e Indicating the time when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot.
Further, the minimum SOC of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t can be obtained
Wherein E is i The rated capacity of the ith electric vehicle is indicated.
At this time, the SOC is the minimum SOC state according to each electric automobile in the time interval of t i,min,t True SOC State SOC over time interval t i,now And the desired SOC state S i,expect Grouping electric vehicle groups:
rigid charging group, group 1 satisfies the conditions
SOC i,now <SOC i,min,t
Flexible charging group, group 2 satisfies conditions
SOC i,min,t <SOC i,now <S i,expect
Discharge population, population 3 satisfies the conditions
S i,except <SOC i,now <S i,max
And 4, step 4: and respectively calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric automobile in each group, and distributing the charging electric quantity of the electric automobiles according to the priority.
Further, the step 4 is as follows:
for the charging groups, namely group 1 and group 2, the charging priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval satisfies the following relation:
for the discharge group, i.e. group 3, the discharge priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval satisfies the following relation:
when charging or discharging, the charging electric quantity needs to be respectively distributed according to the charging priority value and the discharging priority value. Taking the charging behavior of the rigid charging group as an example, for the ith charging group in the rigid charging group group1 The charge capacity distributed to the vehicle in the t time interval satisfies the following relational expression:
wherein N is group1 The number of the electric automobiles in the rigid charging group is shown,representing the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>Representing the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle; t is res,t Indicating the deduction of the conventional load L of the connected charging pile transformer load,t The later transformer margin->And the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle rigid charging group is represented.
Charging capacity distributed to each electric vehicle in group 2 in t time intervalThe calculation method is the same as that of the calculation method: calculating the ratio of the charging priority value of each electric vehicle in the electric vehicle group 2 to the sum of the charging priority values of all the electric vehicles in the group 2, and multiplying the ratio by the margin of the transformer after deducting the conventional load; the discharged electric quantity of each electric automobile in the group 3 in the t time interval->The calculation method is the same as that of the method: and calculating the ratio of the discharge priority value of each electric automobile in the electric automobile group 3 to the sum of the discharge priority values of all the electric automobiles in the group 3, and multiplying the margin of the transformer after deducting the conventional load.
And 5: adjusting the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile needing to be charged in the parking lot by combining the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot;
further, the step 5 includes the following steps:
step 501: for each time interval t, first, the maximum charging power is limitedCharging is carried out, and the charging requirement of the parking lot within the time interval t is solved>
Parking lot charging requirement in t time intervalThat is, the maximum charging of all the electric vehicles connected with the charging pile in the parking lot in the time interval tSum of upper power limits, i.e. [ MEANS ]>The sum of the maximum charging power upper limit of the vehicle electric vehicle;
step 502: according to T res,t Andcalculating the charging requirement or the discharging capability of the electric automobile;
if it is notAt the moment, the transformer allowance can meet the charging requirement of the parking lot, so the charging method does not need to be changed.
If it is usedReclassifying the electric vehicle groups by using the method in the step 3, calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric vehicle in each group by using the method in the step 4, and calculating the charging requirement or the discharging capacity of the group by using the following relation; />
Charging demand of rigid charging group, i.e. group 1, in t time intervalThe following relation is satisfied:
therein, SOC i1,min,t Represents the minimum lower limit of the SOC, SOC of the battery of the i1 st electric vehicle in the time interval of t i1,now Representing the true SOC state of the i1 st electric vehicle in the population 1 during the t time interval, E i1 Representing the rated capacity of the ith 1 electric vehicle in the group 1;
flexible charging demand of population, population 2, over time interval tThe following relation is satisfied:
wherein, N group2 Indicating the number of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group, S i2,expect Represents the expected SOC state, SOC, of the i2 th electric vehicle in the group 2 when leaving the parking i2,now Representing the true SOC state, E, of the i2 nd electric vehicle in the population 2 during the t time interval i2 Indicating the rated capacity of the i2 th electric automobile in the group 2,representing the upper limit of the charging power of the ith 2 electric automobile batteries in the group 2 in the t time interval;
discharging the population in the t time interval, i.e. the discharge capacity of population 3The following relation is satisfied:
wherein, N group3 Indicates the number of electric vehicles in the discharge group, S i3,expect Indicates the expected SOC state, SOC, of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3 when leaving the parking i2,now Represents the true SOC state of the i3 rd electric vehicle in the group 3 in the t time interval, E i2 Indicating the rated capacity of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3,representing the upper limit of the discharge power of the ith 3 electric automobile batteries in the group 3 in the t time interval;
step 503: according to the charging requirements of the group 1 and the group 2 and the discharging capacity of the group 3, the distribution of charging and discharging electric quantity is adjusted; the adjustment mode is as follows:
if it is usedIt is shown that the transformer margin at this time can satisfy the charging requirement of the group 1, the charging requirement of the group 1 is unchanged, and the charging requirement of the group 2 cannot be completely satisfied, so that the remaining energy is distributed according to the charging priority:
wherein,indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>Indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle; />And the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle flexible charging group is represented.
The charge amount is not allocated to the group 3.
If it is notThe residual energy of the transformation at this time cannot satisfy the charging requirement of the group 1, and the discharging capability of the group 3 needs to be based on>And (3) distribution:
case1: if it is notThe discharge capacity of the population 3 at this time cannot meet the remaining charge demand of the population 1, and the energy allocation of the population 1 at this time is:
case2: if it is notThe discharging capacity of the group 3 at this time can meet the remaining charging demand of the group 1, and the energy allocation of the group 1 at this time is as follows:
at this time, the group 3 also supplies the energy for charging the group 2
Step 6: updating the charging data of the electric automobile according to the charging and discharging distribution condition in the step 5 to judge whether the charging quantity of the electric automobile meets the charging requirement of the electric automobile group or not; determining whether the current time interval t is the end time, if so, ending the method; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and optimizing the charge-discharge distribution of the next time interval t according to the updated information of the electric vehicle.
The invention also discloses an electric vehicle integrated charging intelligent optimization system which comprises a data acquisition module, an electric vehicle group classification module, a charging and discharging priority calculation module, a charging electric quantity distribution module, a transformer margin comparison module, a charging demand calculation module and a discharging capacity calculation module.
The data acquisition module acquires the information of the electric automobiles connected to the parking lot charging piles within a time interval t, wherein the information comprises the total number of the electric automobiles connected with the parking lot charging piles, the time of each electric automobile arriving at the parking lot, the time of each electric automobile leaving the parking lot, the expected SOC state of each electric automobile when leaving the parking lot, the upper charging power limit of each electric automobile battery within the time interval t and the upper discharging power limit of the ith electric automobile battery within the time interval t, and the acquired data are input to all other modules;
the electric vehicle group classification module divides the electric vehicles into a group 1, a group 2 and a group 3 according to the real SOC state of each electric vehicle in a time interval t, the minimum SOC state of each electric vehicle in the time interval t, the expected SOC state of each electric vehicle when the electric vehicle leaves the parking distance and the maximum upper limit of the SOC of each electric vehicle battery, and the groups respectively represent a rigid charging group, a flexible charging group and a discharging group;
the charging and discharging priority calculation module calculates the charging priority values of the group 1 and the group 2 and the discharging priority value of the group 3, and inputs the calculation results to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
the charging demand calculation module calculates the charging demands of the group 1 and group 2 electric vehicles and inputs the results to the transformer margin module;
the discharge capacity calculation module calculates the discharge capacity of the group 3 electric vehicles and inputs the result to the transformer margin comparison module;
the transformer margin module compares the transformer margin with the charging requirement of the group 1 and the discharging capability of the group 3, and inputs the comparison result to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
and the charging electric quantity distribution module calculates, adjusts and distributes the charging electric quantities of the group 1 and the group 2 according to the comparison result of the transformer margin module.
The focus of the study herein is on parking lots at workplaces, parking during the day. Assuming that a parking lot has 500 parking spaces, each parking space is equipped with an electric vehicle charging facility having G2V and V2G functions. Assuming that all electric vehicles in the parking lot are controlled by the charging coordinator, the intelligent charging of the electric vehicles is performed by the charging coordinator.
Fig. 2 is a typical 24 hour conventional load profile for a transformer in a parking lot. It can be seen that the conventional power load of the region varies from 180kW to 380kW, the power peak period is 13 to 19.
For the electric vehicles arriving at the parking lot adopting the method of the instant-arrival charging, the charging scene of 200 electric vehicles can be simulated, and as shown in fig. 3, the electric vehicles cause serious power peak demands at a charging load of 07. This situation seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
The integrated charging intelligent optimization method provided by the invention is applied to a parking lot in a workplace, and realizes the optimized integration of the electric automobile. Assuming that the parking lot has 500 parking spaces, the penetration rate of the electric automobile is dispersed into 10 grades, namely 10%, 20% and 8230, and 100% (considering the increment step length to be 10%). As can be seen from fig. 4, after the intelligent charging strategy proposed herein is applied, the maximum permeability of the electric vehicle that can be accommodated in the parking lot is effectively improved.
The present applicant has described and illustrated embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the detailed description is only for the purpose of helping the reader to better understand the spirit of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and on the contrary, any improvement or modification made based on the spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated charging intelligent optimization seeking method for an electric vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: collecting the electric automobile information connected to the charging piles in each time interval for each time interval t, wherein the collected information comprises the total number of the electric automobiles connected with the charging piles in the parking lotWhen the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lotTime t i,s SOC State S when the ith electric vehicle arrives at the parking lot i,ini Time t when ith electric vehicle leaves parking lot i,e SOC state S expected to be reached by the ith electric vehicle when leaving the parking lot i,expect Charging power upper limit ^ of the ith electric vehicle battery over time interval>And the upper discharging power limit ^ of the ith electric automobile battery in the t time interval>
Step 2: establishing a mathematical model of the energy demand of the electric automobile, wherein the mathematical model comprises the following contents:
the out-of-limit constraint of the connected charging pile transformer meets the following relational expression:
wherein L is load,t Representing the normal load of the connected charging post transformer during the time interval t,indicates the actual charging power, based on the actual charging power of the i-th electric vehicle in the time interval t>Represents the actual discharge power of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval T nor Indicating the rated power of the connected charging pile transformer;
the SOC constraint of each electric vehicle battery in the time interval t meets the following relational expression:
wherein S is i,min Represents the minimum SOC lower limit of the ith electric vehicle battery, S i,t Represents the SOC value of the ith electric vehicle battery in the time interval t, S i,max Representing the maximum upper limit of the SOC of the ith electric vehicle battery; t represents the total time;
and step 3: carrying out group classification on the electric automobiles;
and 4, step 4: respectively calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric automobile in each group, and distributing the charging electric quantity of the electric automobiles according to the priority;
and 5: adjusting the charging electric quantity of the electric automobile needing to be charged in the parking lot by combining the real-time charging and discharging conditions of the parking lot;
step 6: updating the charging data of the electric automobile according to the charging and discharging distribution condition in the step 5 to judge whether the charging quantity of the electric automobile meets the charging requirement of the group of electric automobiles; determining whether the current time interval t is the end time, if so, ending the method; otherwise, returning to the step 1, and optimizing the charge-discharge distribution of the next time interval t according to the updated electric vehicle information.
2. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the method for classifying the population comprises the following steps:
Wherein, t i,e Indicating the time when the ith electric vehicle leaves the parking lot;
further, the minimum SOC, i.e., SOC, of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t can be obtained i,min,t :
Wherein E is i The rated capacity of the ith electric automobile is represented;
at this time, the SOC is the minimum SOC state according to each electric automobile in the time interval of t i,min,t True SOC State SOC over time t i,now And the desired SOC state S i,expect Grouping electric vehicle groups:
the rigid charging population, population 1, satisfies the following condition:
SOC i,now <SOC i,min,t
the flexible charging population, population 2, satisfies the following conditions:
SOC i,min,t <SOC i,now <S i,expect
the discharge population, population 3, satisfies the following condition:
S i,except <SOC i,now <S i,max 。
3. the intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 2, characterized in that:
in step 4, for the charging groups, i.e. group 1 and group 2, the charging priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the t time interval satisfies the following relation:
for the discharge group, i.e. group 3, the discharge priority value of the ith electric vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
4. the intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 3, characterized in that:
for the ith in population 1 group1 The charge capacity distributed to the vehicle in the time interval t satisfies the following relation:
wherein N is group1 The number of the electric automobiles in the rigid charging group is shown,represents the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>Represents the ith in the rigid charging group of the electric automobile group1 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle; t is res,t Representing the deduction of the conventional load L of the connected charging pile transformer load,t Later transformer margin, <' >>Representing the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle rigid charging group;
the charging electric quantity distributed to each electric automobile in the group 2 in the t time intervalThe calculation method is the same as that of the method: and calculating the ratio of the charging priority value of each electric vehicle in the electric vehicle group 2 to the sum of the charging priority values of all the electric vehicles in the group 2, and multiplying the ratio by the margin of the transformer after the conventional load is deducted.
5. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the step 5 comprises the following steps:
step 501: for each time interval t, first, the maximum charging power is limitedCharging is carried out, and the charging requirement of the parking lot within the time interval t is solved>
Step 502: according to T res,t Andcalculating the charging requirement or the discharging capacity of the electric automobile;
step 503: and adjusting the charging and discharging electric quantity distribution according to the charging requirement and the discharging capacity calculated in the step 502.
6. The intelligent optimization approach method for electric vehicle integrated charging according to claim 5, characterized in that:
in step 501, charging demand of parking lot in time interval tNamely the sum of the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles connected with the charging pile in the parking lot in the time interval t, namely the sum of the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles in the parking lot in the time interval t and the maximum charging power upper limits of all the electric vehicles in the parking lot charging pile-in-place area t and the maximum charging power upper limits in the parking lot charging pile-in-place area t>The sum of the upper limits of the maximum charging power of the vehicle electric vehicle.
7. The intelligent optimization approach method for electric vehicle integrated charging according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that:
in said step 502, ifAt the moment, the allowance of the transformer can meet the charging requirement of the parking lot, and the charging method does not need to be changed;
if it is notReclassifying the electric vehicle groups by using the method in the step 3, calculating the charging and discharging priority value of each electric vehicle in each group by using the method in the step 4, and calculating the charging requirement or the discharging capacity of the group by using the following relation:
charging demand of rigid charging group, i.e. group 1, in t time intervalThe following relation is satisfied:
therein, SOC i1,min,t Represents the minimum lower limit of SOC, SOC of the battery of the i1 st electric vehicle in the t time interval i1,now Represents the real SOC state of the i1 st electric vehicle in the group 1 in the t time interval, E i1 The rated capacity of the ith 1 electric automobile in the group 1 is shown;
flexible charging demand of population, population 2, over time interval tThe following relation is satisfied:
wherein N is group2 Indicating the number of electric vehicles in the flexible charging group, S i2,expect Representing a group2 i2 th electric vehicle expected to reach SOC state and SOC when leaving parking i2,now Representing the true SOC state, E, of the i2 nd electric vehicle in the population 2 during the t time interval i2 Indicating the rated capacity of the i2 th electric automobile in the group 2,representing the upper limit of the charging power of the ith 2 electric automobile batteries in the group 2 in the t time interval;
discharging the population in the t time interval, i.e. the discharge capacity of population 3The following relation is satisfied: />
Wherein N is group3 Indicates the number of electric vehicles in the discharge group, S i3,expect Indicates the expected SOC state, SOC, of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3 when leaving the parking i3,now Representing the true SOC state, E, of the i3 rd electric vehicle in the group 3 during the t time interval i2 Indicates the rated capacity of the ith 3 electric vehicles in the group 3,and the upper limit of the discharge power of the ith 3 electric automobile batteries in the group 3 in the time interval t is shown.
8. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 7, characterized in that:
in said step 503, ifThe transformer margin at this time can satisfy the charging requirement of the group 1, the charging requirement of the group 1 is unchanged, and the charging requirement of the group 2 is unchangedThe requirements cannot be met completely, so the remaining energy is distributed according to the charging priority:
wherein,indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 Charging priority value for an electric vehicle>Indicating the ith in the flexible charging group of the electric automobile group2 The amount of charge allocated to the vehicle;representing the sum of all electric vehicle charging priority values in the electric vehicle flexible charging group;
the charge amount is not allocated to the group 3;
9. The intelligent optimization approach method for the integrated charging of the electric automobile according to claim 8, characterized in that:
according to the discharge capacity of the population 3The method for distributing the charging capacity comprisesThe following contents are provided:
if it is usedThe discharge capacity of the population 3 at this time cannot meet the remaining charge demand of the population 1, and the energy allocation of the population 1 at this time is:
if it is notThe discharging capacity of the group 3 at this time can satisfy the remaining charging demand of the group 1, and the energy distribution of the group 1 at this time satisfies the following relational expression: />
At this time, the group 3 also supplies the charging energy to the group 2, and the energy distribution of the group 2 satisfies the following relational expression:
10. the intelligent optimization seeking system for the integrated charging of the electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises a data acquisition module, an electric vehicle group classification module, a charging and discharging priority calculation module, a charging electric quantity distribution module, a transformer margin comparison module, a charging demand calculation module and a discharging capacity calculation module, and is characterized in that:
the data acquisition module acquires the information of the electric automobiles connected to the parking lot charging piles within a time interval t, wherein the information comprises the total number of the electric automobiles connected with the parking lot charging piles, the time of each electric automobile arriving at the parking lot, the time of each electric automobile leaving the parking lot, the expected SOC state of each electric automobile when leaving the parking lot, the upper limit of the charging power of each electric automobile battery within the time interval t and the upper limit of the discharging power of the ith electric automobile battery within the time interval t, and the acquired data are input to all other modules;
the electric vehicle group classification module divides electric vehicles into a group 1, a group 2 and a group 3 according to the real SOC state of each electric vehicle in the t time interval, the minimum SOC state of each electric vehicle in the t time interval, the SOC state expected to be reached by each electric vehicle when the electric vehicle leaves the parking period and the maximum upper limit of the SOC of each electric vehicle battery, and the group 1, the group 2 and the group 3 respectively represent a rigid charging group, a flexible charging group and a discharging group;
the charging and discharging priority calculation module calculates the charging priority values of the group 1 and the group 2 and the discharging priority value of the group 3, and inputs the calculation results to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
the charging demand calculation module calculates the charging demands of the group 1 and group 2 electric vehicles and inputs the results to the transformer margin comparison module;
the discharge capacity calculation module calculates the discharge capacity of the group 3 electric vehicles and inputs the result to the transformer margin comparison module;
the transformer margin comparison module compares the transformer margin with the charging requirement of the group 1 and the discharging capability of the group 3, and inputs the comparison result to the charging electric quantity distribution module;
and the charging electric quantity distribution module calculates, adjusts and distributes the charging electric quantities of the group 1 and the group 2 according to the comparison result of the transformer margin comparison module.
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