CN113579645A - Forming method of large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring part based on double-roller rotary forging - Google Patents
Forming method of large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring part based on double-roller rotary forging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forming a large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring piece based on double-roller rotary forging, which comprises the following steps of: s1, preparing a semi-finished product, and performing packaging treatment by adopting vacuum electron beam welding; s2, positioning of the semi-finished product: placing the sealed and welded composite circular ring piece in a heating furnace, heating to a forging temperature range, and quickly transferring to a positioning column of a lower die of forming equipment after preserving heat for a period of time; s3, forming the semi-finished product under the double-cone roller swing rolling; s4, finishing the preparation of the finished product: after the blank is formed to the target height, the lower die stops feeding upwards, and the double conical rollers continue to revolve, so that the concave and convex parts in the surface forming of the composite circular ring disappear in the machining process; and S5, healing of the composite circular ring member interface. The invention can form large-diameter thin-wall functionally-graded circular ring pieces with different materials and thicknesses, and the formed composite circular ring piece has excellent mechanical property at the interface, and meanwhile, the invention has the advantages of specific labor saving, good surface quality of the formed piece and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of forming of functionally graded circular ring pieces, in particular to a forming method of a large-diameter functionally graded thin-wall circular ring piece based on double-roller swing rolling.
Background
Along with the technological progress and industrial development, people have higher and higher performance requirements on materials, particularly in various fields such as aerospace, petrochemical industry, ships, electric power, mechanical manufacturing and the like, and the metal composite ring part with the gradient function has the characteristics of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, long service life and the like, has excellent mechanical properties such as high impact toughness, high strength, large deformation resistance and the like, is more and more widely applied, and has great market potential, low production cost and huge economic and social benefits in view of the perfect combination of low cost and high performance of the metal composite ring and the adjustment of the material and the thickness of a composite layer according to the use requirements of different fields. In addition, the traditional methods for manufacturing the composite metal circular ring, such as an explosive welding method, a brazing connection method, a rolled composite plate reprocessing method and the like, have the problems of low connection interface strength, long composite manufacturing process time, complex manufacturing process and the like.
At present, no good forming method exists for large-diameter thin-wall metal composite circular ring parts with gradient functions, particularly for composite parts with good tissues and properties at interfaces.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for forming a large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring piece based on double-roller rotary rolling, which can form a large-diameter composite metal circular ring piece with a gradient function from inside to outside. Meanwhile, the method can achieve the synchronous completion effect of forming and compounding, and has the advantages of good mechanical property at the connecting interface, excellent forming quality and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a forming method for constructing a large-diameter functionally-graded circular ring part based on double-roller rotary forging comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a semi-finished product: processing, polishing and pickling the surfaces of the circular ring piece A and the circular ring piece B, removing rust and oil stains, exposing fresh metal, assembling the circular ring piece A and the circular ring piece B, wherein the plasticity of an inner layer is better than that of an outer layer circular ring metal during assembly, and performing electron beam seal welding in a vacuum chamber after the assembly is finished;
s2, positioning of the semi-finished product: heating the semi-finished product subjected to electron beam sealing welding in a heating furnace to a forging temperature range, and simultaneously preserving heat for a period of time t1Time of heat preservationT is determined according to the size of the ring piece in order to ensure uniform temperature distribution of the ring piece1The time is more than or equal to 15min, and then the material is quickly transferred to a positioning column at the center of a lower die of the forming equipment;
s3, forming the semi-finished product under the double-cone roller swing rolling: the double-cone roller revolves around the central axis of the main shaft, the lower die drives the blank to move upwards in a feeding way, when the workpiece is contacted with the double-cone roller, the double-cone roller starts to rotate under the action of the friction force of the blank, the blank is axially rolled by the double-cone roller, the radial diameter of the blank is gradually increased along with the continuous upwards feeding movement of the lower die, the axial height is gradually reduced, and meanwhile, the connecting interface of the dissimilar metal circular rings is gradually bonded;
s4, finishing the preparation of the finished product: after the blank is formed to the target height, the lower die stops feeding upwards, the double cone rollers continue to revolve until a plane is formed on the surface of the composite circular ring piece and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature;
s5, healing of the composite circular ring piece interface: and heating the formed composite circular ring piece in a heating furnace to a certain temperature, and simultaneously preserving heat for a certain time to completely recover the mechanical property at the interface.
In the method, the height H of the positioning column1Should be along with the processing target height H of the processing blank2Is changed, wherein the two relations are required to satisfy: h is not less than 11-H2Less than or equal to 5mm, and simultaneously processing a blank H2≥20mm。
In the method, the radius r of the positioning column0And the inner diameter r of the innermost layer of the composite circular ring1The relationship is as follows: 0.5+ L1α≤r1-r0Less than or equal to 1mm, wherein L1Is the width of the inner ring, and alpha is the linear expansion coefficient of the inner ring.
In the method, the positioning column at the center of the lower die is processed to have the radius r0Is a fixed value, and a series of outer diameters r of the thickness are made6Different but same inner diameter r5Wherein r is5-r1Less than or equal to 0.2mm, and the inner diameter r of the composite ring is processed1Greater than r0When in use, the die rings with proper thickness and external diameter are selected to be matched, so that the positioning column and the die ring are combined to form a large-diameter dieThe initial composite circular ring plays a positioning role.
In the method, the dissimilar metal circular rings A and B can simultaneously achieve the forming and compounding effects in the double-rod rotary rolling forming process, and the obtained composite metal circular ring can achieve the effects of different internal and external performances, such as Q235 for A and 316L for B, and can achieve the characteristics of good flexibility of the inner layer, corrosion resistance of the outer layer and high strength after the processing. Furthermore, a and B may be selected from different materials such as high strength steel, stainless steel, ordinary carbon structural steel, etc., and if produced by the process of claim 1, the method of changing the a and B materials is within the scope of protection.
In the method, the overall thickness and the diameters of the inner layer and the outer layer of the composite circular ring part prepared from the dissimilar metal circular rings A and B are adjustable, and the adjustment basis is set based on the size and the function of a target workpiece.
In the method, the bonding of the connecting interface can be realized in the forming process, and if the similar metal is formed, the subsequent heat preservation treatment is carried out, the heat preservation temperature is generally within the forging temperature range of the similar metal, and the heat preservation time is determined according to the heat preservation temperature, so that the mechanical property of the interface connecting part can be recovered.
In the method, the composite circular ring is not limited to compounding of two metals, and three or more metals can be connected, but when the two metals are connected, the shapes of the metals from the inner layer to the outer layer are sequentially reduced or the same, for example, the innermost layer is Q235, the middle layer is high-strength steel, and the outer layer is stainless steel, so that the advantages of good inner-layer anti-seismic performance, high middle-outer-layer strength and corrosion resistance can be achieved after the two metals are compounded.
In the above method, the packaged semi-finished product is heated in a heating furnace at a temperature T1The temperature should be within the hot forging temperature interval of the two metals and as large as possible.
In the method, the outer diameter of the composite circular ring is 480 < D0When the thickness is less than or equal to 1000mm, the feeding speed of the lower die is less than or equal to upsilon and 0.8mm/s1Less than or equal to 1.2mm/s, and the rotating speed n of the upper die1Is 75 to 120 r/min. 1000 < D for target workpiece size0When the thickness is less than or equal to 1500mm, the feeding speed of the lower die is less than or equal to upsilon and 1.0mm/s1Not more than 2.2mm/s, and the rotating speed n of the upper die1120 to 150 r/min. In addition, for a composite metal ring with poor integral shaping, the feeding speed should be appropriately reduced while the revolution speed is increased. The feeding speed and the rotating speed can be increased properly for the circular ring part with the relatively small inner diameter of the composite circular ring part.
In the method, the pressure maintaining time t of the double-roller rotary-milling formed circular ring piece2，30≤t2≤60s。
In the above method, the heating and holding temperature T for the interface healing2Heating and holding temperature T2With a minimum value, T needs to be controlled2In the forging temperature range and as high as possible. Time t for interface healing3≥18h。
The method for forming the large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring piece based on the double-roller rotary forging has the following beneficial effects that:
the invention can select the best rotating speed of the upper die and the best feeding speed of the lower die according to the material of the composite layer of the target large-diameter thin-wall ring piece, the composite height and size of the inner layer and the outer layer. The method can select the optimal interface healing heating temperature and the optimal heat preservation temperature and time according to the material and the forming pressing rate of the composite layer, and can form the large-diameter thin-wall composite metal circular ring piece with a specific structure and a gradient function and excellent composite interface performance.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic dimensional view of a target composite metal ring member of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a dimensional schematic of a semi-finished workpiece of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mold of the present invention open;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the movement of the upper and lower dies during the forming of a workpiece according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a dimensional schematic of the invention after the workpiece has been formed;
FIG. 6 is a view of the assembled relationship of the titanium alloy mold ring of the present invention with the locating post and the composite tooling ring;
wherein: 1 is a double-cone roller, 2 is a semi-finished product, 3 is a positioning column, 4 is a lower die, 5 is a finished product, and 6 is a titanium alloy die ring.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for forming a large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring piece based on double-roller rotary forging, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, preparing a semi-finished product 2: processing and polishing the surfaces of the composite circular ring pieces A and B, pickling and drying to expose fresh metal, assembling the composite circular ring pieces A and B together, and performing vacuum electron beam seal welding, as shown in figure 2.
S2, positioning of the semi-finished product: the semi-finished product 2 after the electron beam sealing welding is placed in a heating furnace to be heated to the forging temperature interval of the composite metal, and meanwhile, the temperature is kept for a period of time to ensure the firm combination between the composite interfaces and the uniformity of the overall temperature of the semi-finished product, and then the semi-finished product is rapidly transferred to a positioning column 3 in the center of a lower die of the forming equipment, as shown in fig. 3.
S3, forming the semi-finished product 2 under the rotary rolling of a double-cone roller 1: the double-cone roller 1 revolves around the central axis of the main shaft, the lower die 4 drives the blank to move upwards, when a workpiece is contacted with the double-cone roller 1, the double-cone roller 1 starts to rotate under the action of the friction force of the blank, the blank is axially rolled by the double-cone roller 1, the radial diameter of the blank is gradually increased and the axial height is gradually reduced along with the continuous upward feeding movement of the lower die 4.
S4, finishing the preparation of the finished product: because the contact area of the double-cone roller 1 and the blank is a spiral surface, and some reactions and some defects of unevenness formed in the processing process exist between interfaces at a higher temperature, after the blank is formed to a target height, the lower die 4 stops feeding upwards, and the double-cone roller 1 continues revolving until a plane is formed on the surface of the composite circular ring piece and the temperature is reduced to a certain temperature, as shown in fig. 4.
S5, healing of the composite circular ring piece interface: and heating the formed ring piece in a heating furnace to a certain temperature, and simultaneously preserving heat for a period of time, wherein the heat preservation time is changed along with different composite materials.
Through the steps, the forming of the large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring piece is completed.
Further, the composite metals a and B may be the same metal or a composite of different metals, but the inner layer metal is necessarily shaped better than or the same as the outer layer metal. For example, the material of the inner layer A is Q235, the material of the outer layer B is stainless steel 316L, so that the large-diameter thin-wall composite ring piece which is corrosion-resistant and highly-shaped is realized, and secondly, the composite ring piece is adjustable according to the whole thickness of the ring piece and the diameters of the inner layer and the outer layer.
Further, the A, B material selection includes but not limited to the above 2 materials, for example, a is carbon steel, B is stainless steel/magnesium alloy/titanium alloy, etc., while the A, B material composition can be further generalized to ABC three or more layer composition to achieve specific structural and functional gradients, for example, a is Q235, B is ultra-high strength steel, C is stainless steel to achieve large flexibility in the center of the ring, while ensuring corrosion resistance of the outer layer and high hardness and high strength of the middle layer.
Further, the temperature T at which the semifinished product is heated in a heating furnace1Should be as high as possible, T1Should be controlled within the range of forging temperature interval and the heat preservation time t1And the temperature is kept for 15min or more generally to ensure that the integral temperature of the semi-finished product reaches the required temperature and further processing.
Furthermore, taking the composite circular ring part with the forming diameter of 550mm as an example, the rotating speed n of the upper die is used for the stability and the economy of forming1(rpm) should be controlled to be 75. ltoreq. n1Less than or equal to 120 r/min. Feed speed v of lower die1V is controlled to be more than or equal to 0.81The feeding speed of the lower die and the rotating speed of the double-cone roller are determined according to the material property for special materials, wherein the feeding speed of the lower die and the rotating speed of the double-cone roller are less than or equal to 1.2 mm/s. For less formable materials, a lower feed rate should be selected, and v is controlled1So that v is not less than 0.51Not more than 1mm/s and a larger revolution speed of not less than 100 n1Less than or equal to 180 r/min. For forming a target composite ring memberFor workpieces with larger diameters, the feeding speed of the lower die and the rotating speed of the double cone roller should be increased properly.
Furthermore, after the forming is finished, the pressure maintaining time of the double-cone roller has certain requirements, namely the pressure maintaining time t2Should be as long as possible to make the surface of the formed workpiece flat and have small residual stress, and generally should be t2≥30s。
Furthermore, the healing between interfaces needs to ensure that the higher the temperature of the workpiece is, the longer the heat preservation time is, and the better the healing effect of the interfaces is. Temperature T of heat preservation2And time t3All have the lowest value. Taking the composition of 316L and Q235 as an example, the heat preservation temperature T2Should be 1200 ≦ T2Not more than 1300 ℃, and the heat preservation time t3The heat preservation temperature is too low, the interface is healed, and the healing is difficult no matter how long the interface is. The heat preservation temperature is proper, the heat preservation time is short, and the interface is not sufficient to heal. In general, the larger the pressing forming rate, the higher the heat preservation temperature and the longer the heat preservation time in a certain temperature range, and the better the healing effect between interfaces.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following advantages:
one is as follows: according to the invention, the composite circular ring piece with different inner and outer layers of materials and different properties can be prepared according to the requirement of the functional gradient of the target large-diameter thin-wall circular ring piece.
The second step is as follows: the invention can form the composite circular ring piece with multi-layer function gradient, and the structure and the function of the composite circular ring piece can be accurately designed according to the requirement.
And thirdly: the present invention can give the optimum feeding speed range of the upper mold and the feeding speed range of the lower mold according to the material and thickness and the inner and outer diameters of different composite rings.
Fourthly, the method comprises the following steps: the invention can realize the adhesion of dissimilar metal connecting interfaces in the process of local plastic forming and simultaneously achieve the effects of forming and compounding.
And fifthly: the invention can heal the material interface of the composite circular ring piece by utilizing the heating and heat preservation method in the heating furnace, repair some defects between the interfaces, and ensure that the tissue is more compact and the performance is better.
And the sixth step: according to the invention, by adding the simple titanium alloy mould ring, one set of mould can form the gradient functional ring piece with different inner diameters.
And the seventh step: the invention belongs to advanced local accumulation plastic forming, and has the advantages of labor saving, high material utilization rate, high forming precision and the like in the forming process.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A forming method of a large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring part based on double-roller rotary rolling comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a semi-finished product: processing, polishing and pickling the surfaces of the circular ring piece A and the circular ring piece B, removing rust and oil stains, exposing fresh metal, assembling the circular ring piece A and the circular ring piece B, wherein the plasticity of an inner layer is better than that of an outer layer circular ring metal during assembly, and performing electron beam seal welding in a vacuum chamber after the assembly is finished;
s2, positioning of the semi-finished product: heating the semi-finished product subjected to electron beam sealing welding in a heating furnace to a forging temperature range, and simultaneously preserving heat for a period of time t1The holding time is determined according to the size of the ring piece, and t is t to ensure the uniform temperature distribution of the ring piece1The time is more than or equal to 15min, and then the material is quickly transferred to a positioning column at the center of a lower die of the forming equipment;
s3, forming the semi-finished product under the double-cone roller swing rolling: the double-cone roller revolves around the central axis of the main shaft, the lower die drives the blank to move upwards in a feeding way, when the workpiece is contacted with the double-cone roller, the double-cone roller starts to rotate under the action of the friction force of the blank, the blank is axially rolled by the double-cone roller, the radial diameter of the blank is gradually increased along with the continuous upwards feeding movement of the lower die, the axial height is gradually reduced, and meanwhile, the connecting interface of the dissimilar metal circular rings is gradually bonded;
s4, finishing the preparation of the finished product: after the blank is formed to the target height, the lower die stops feeding upwards, the double cone rollers continue to revolve until a plane is formed on the surface of the composite circular ring piece and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature;
s5, healing of the composite circular ring piece interface: and heating the formed composite circular ring piece in a heating furnace to a certain temperature, and simultaneously preserving heat for a certain time to completely recover the mechanical property at the interface.
2. The method for forming the large-diameter functionally graded thin-wall circular ring part based on the twin-roller rotary forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of the composite circular ring is 480 < D0When the thickness is less than or equal to 1000mm, the feeding speed of the lower die is less than or equal to upsilon and 0.8mm/s1Less than or equal to 1.2mm/s, and the rotating speed n of the upper die175-120 r/min; 1000 < D for target workpiece size0When the thickness is less than or equal to 1500mm, the feeding speed of the lower die is less than or equal to upsilon and 1.0mm/s1Not more than 2.2mm/s, and the rotating speed n of the upper die1120 to 150 r/min.
3. The method for forming the large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring part based on the double-roller rotary rolling according to claim 1, wherein the dwell time t for the formed composite circular ring part is the pressure holding time t2，30≤t2≤60s。
4. The method for forming the large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring part based on the double-roller rotary rolling process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interface healing and heat preservation time t is3≥18h。
5. The method for forming the large-diameter functionally graded thin-wall circular ring part based on the twin-roll rotary forging as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height H of the positioning column2According to the height H of the target workpiece0Is changed, wherein the two relations need to satisfy: h is not less than 1mm0-H2Less than or equal to 5mm, processing blank H1≥20mm。
6. The method for forming the large-diameter functionally graded thin-wall circular ring part based on the double-roller rotary rolling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius r of the positioning column0And the inner diameter r of the innermost layer of the composite circular ring1The relationship is as follows: 0.5+ L1α≤r1-r0Less than or equal to 1mm, wherein L1Is the width of the inner ring, and alpha is the linear expansion coefficient of the inner ring.
7. The method for forming the large-diameter functionally-graded thin-wall circular ring part based on the double-roller rotary rolling according to claim 1, wherein a positioning column at the center of the lower die is processed to have a radius r0Is a fixed value, and a series of outer diameters r of the thickness are made6Different but same inner diameter r5Wherein r is5-r1Less than or equal to 0.2mm, and the inner diameter r of the composite ring is processed1Greater than r0When the positioning column and the die ring are combined, the die ring with proper thickness and external diameter is selected to be matched, so that the positioning column and the die ring are combined to position the initial large-diameter composite ring.
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