CN113577806A - Spray drying bed for preparing energetic material and method for preparing energetic material by using spray drying bed - Google Patents

Spray drying bed for preparing energetic material and method for preparing energetic material by using spray drying bed Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113577806A
CN113577806A CN202110918207.7A CN202110918207A CN113577806A CN 113577806 A CN113577806 A CN 113577806A CN 202110918207 A CN202110918207 A CN 202110918207A CN 113577806 A CN113577806 A CN 113577806A
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energetic material
pipe
liquid
spray drying
nozzle
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CN113577806B (en
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李伟伟
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North University of China
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North University of China
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/16Evaporating by spraying
    • B01D1/18Evaporating by spraying to obtain dry solids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/14Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/16Evaporating by spraying
    • B01D1/20Sprayers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/30Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energetic material preparation, and provides a spray drying bed for preparing an energetic material and a method for preparing the energetic material, aiming at solving the problems of large prepared particles, poor coating effect, high sensitivity and the like of the existing spray drying for preparing the energetic material; the center of the top of the nozzle is provided with a central pipe, and the side wall of the central pipe is connected with an annular pipe; the central pipe is connected with the energetic material liquid storage tank through a liquid flowmeter 6 and a liquid pump 4; the annular pipe is connected with the coating agent storage tank through a liquid flowmeter 5 and a liquid pump 1. The integration of refining, crystallizing and coating of the energetic material is realized in a spray drying bed, and the preparation efficiency of the energetic material is improved. The preparation method has high preparation efficiency, can realize continuous production, and can be used for the preparation processes of other core-shell materials and the like.

Description

Spray drying bed for preparing energetic material and method for preparing energetic material by using spray drying bed
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energetic material preparation, and particularly relates to a spray drying bed for preparing an energetic material and a method for preparing the energetic material.
Background
The properties of commonly used energetic materials such as HMX, RDX, CL-20, and the like are particularly important to weapon development. But its application is greatly limited due to its high sensitivity. Therefore, researchers can reduce the feeling of the food by adopting methods such as co-crystallization, refining and coating, wherein spray drying is an effective mode and achieves remarkable effects. Spray drying is a novel material preparation technology which utilizes the strong atomization performance and the rapid drying speed of a nozzle to strengthen the preparation process of energetic materials. The spray drying can effectively atomize liquid drops, so that the prepared particles have small particle size and regular appearance and can be produced continuously. However, the nozzle adopted by the existing spray drying can not realize organic coupling of refining, crystallization and coating process, and can not realize continuous operation and real-time control of particle size and coating degree, and the prepared energetic material has larger particles, poor coating degree and higher sensitivity, and can not meet the requirement of high-energy insensitivity of the energetic material. At present, the design of a nozzle for preparing energetic materials by spray drying is still blank.
Patent CN107062823A provides a material surface coating and high temperature treatment combined device, in the method, a solvent and a coating agent are added after ultrasonic and mechanical stirring, the coating degree cannot be controlled, and atomization is performed only by one nozzle, the atomization performance is not good, the performance difference between an energetic material solution and the coating agent is large, the atomization effect is required to be different, and further the coating degree is also different, so that the subsequent coating effect is affected.
Patent CN205838856U provides a spray drying tower for preparing powder particles with coating layer from building ceramics, which is characterized in that slurry and coating agent are atomized to form slurry particles and coating particles, and the coating agent is coated on the surface of the slurry particles in the falling process under the action of downward air pressure in the tower. The process does not involve the parameters of the specific structure of the nozzle, the size of the atomized particles is not controllable, the coating process of the coating agent particles is also not controllable, the coating agent particles are subjected to air pressure and the relative positions of the slurry particles and the coating particles, and the uniform coating is difficult to achieve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a spray drying bed for preparing energetic materials and a method for preparing the energetic materials by the spray drying bed, aiming at solving the problems of large prepared particles, poor coating effect, high sensitivity and the like of the existing spray drying for preparing the energetic materials, and on one hand, a novel nozzle is adopted to efficiently atomize an energetic material solution and a coating agent; on the other hand, the energetic material particles are refined, crystallized and coated into a whole, so that the particle size and the coating degree are controllable.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a spray drying bed for preparing energetic materials is characterized in that a nozzle is arranged on a liquid inlet at the top of the spray drying bed, a bottom air inlet is connected with a nitrogen cylinder, a liquid outlet on the side wall of the bottom end of the spray drying bed is connected with a cyclone separator, a particle collector is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator, a condenser is arranged at the top of the cyclone separator, and the end part of the condenser is connected with an exhaust fan;
the center of the top of the nozzle is provided with a central pipe, and the side wall of the central pipe is connected with an annular pipe; the central pipe is connected with the energetic material liquid storage tank through a liquid flowmeter I and a liquid pump I; the ring pipe is connected with the coating agent storage tank through a liquid flowmeter II and a liquid pump II.
A plurality of through holes are formed in the wall of the central pipe at intervals; and a plurality of coating agent outlets are arranged at intervals in the ring pipe.
The central tube is cylindrical, and the cross sectional area is 1/50-1/10 of the cross sectional area of the spray drying bed; 2-5 rows of through holes are longitudinally formed in the wall of the central tube, and the central angle corresponding to the centers of the adjacent through holes is 72-180 degrees; the aperture of the through hole is 1/3-1/10 of the inner diameter of the central tube.
2-6 layers of ring pipes are arranged along the side wall of the nozzle at intervals, and the vertical distance between every two layers is 1/3-1/7 of the length of the ring pipe; the inner diameter of the ring pipe is 3-6 times of that of the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the ring pipe is uniformly provided with coating agent through holes at intervals, wherein the hole diameter is 1/4-1/12 of the inner diameter of the ring pipe.
The method for preparing the energetic material by using the spray drying bed for preparing the energetic material comprises the following specific steps: the energetic material solution is sent into a spray drying bed through a liquid pump I and a liquid flowmeter I and a liquid inlet pipe through a central pipe at the top of a nozzle, a coating agent enters through a liquid pump II and the liquid flowmeter II in a pipe of the nozzle, atomization, refinement, crystallization and coating are carried out under the combined action of the central pipe of the nozzle and a ring system pipe, then drying is carried out under the action of hot nitrogen, particles are collected into a collecting tank after cyclone separation, and gas is discharged by an exhaust fan after being cooled;
the concentration of the energetic material is 0.1-5wt%, the solvent is one or a mixture of methyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile or butanone which are randomly mixed, and the volume is 5-30 ml; the temperature is 323-; the liquid flow is 1-10 ml/min; the gas flow is 100-500L/h; the coating agent is any one of paraffin, stearic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane, EVA or EPDM.
When the device and the method are used for preparing the energetic material, the energetic material solution enters a central tube of a spray drying bed from a liquid storage tank through a liquid pump, the coating agent enters an annular tube of the spray drying bed through the liquid pump, and the atomization, the refinement, the crystallization and the coating of the solution are completed under the combined action of the central tube of the nozzle and the annular tube. Drying under the action of hot nitrogen, separating by cyclone separator, collecting particles in collecting tank, cooling gas, and exhausting by exhaust fan. In the process, the size and the coating degree of energetic material particles can be effectively controlled through the aperture size of the nozzle and the liquid flow rate, and the requirement of high-energy insensitivity of the energetic material is met. In the process, the sizes of the central pipe and the annular pipe as well as the positions and the sizes of the openings are controllable, so that the requirements of different energetic material solutions and coating agents can be effectively met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram for preparing energetic materials by spray drying according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a front view of the nozzle; FIG. 3 is a top view of the nozzle;
in the figure: 1-spray drying bed; 2-a nozzle; 3-nitrogen gas cylinder; 4-a cyclone separator; 5-a particle collector; 6-a condenser; 7-an exhaust fan; 8-a central tube; 9-ring pipe; 10-liquid flow meter I; 11-liquid pump I; 12-a tank for storing energetic materials; 13-liquid flow meter II; 14-liquid pump II; 15-a coating agent storage tank; 16-a via hole; 17-outlet of coating agent.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a spray drying bed for preparing energetic materials is characterized in that a nozzle is arranged on a liquid inlet at the top of the spray drying bed, a bottom air inlet is connected with a nitrogen cylinder, a liquid outlet on the side wall of the bottom end of the spray drying bed is connected with a cyclone separator, a particle collector is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator, a condenser is arranged at the top of the cyclone separator, and the end part of the condenser is connected with an exhaust fan;
a central pipe is arranged in the center of the top of the nozzle, and annular pipes are arranged along the side wall of the nozzle at intervals; the central pipe is connected with the energetic material liquid storage tank through a liquid flowmeter I and a liquid pump I; the ring pipe is connected with the coating agent storage tank through a liquid flowmeter II and a liquid pump II.
A plurality of through holes are formed in the wall of the central pipe at intervals; and a plurality of coating agent outlets are arranged at intervals in the ring pipe.
The central tube is cylindrical, and the cross-sectional area is 1/30 of the cross-sectional area of the spray drying bed; 3 rows of through holes are longitudinally formed in the wall of the central pipe, and the central angle corresponding to the centers of the adjacent through holes is 180 degrees; the aperture of the through hole is 1/4 of the inner diameter of the central tube.
2 layers of circular pipes are arranged along the side wall of the nozzle at intervals, and the vertical distance between every two layers is 1/3 of the length of the circular pipe; the inner diameter of the ring pipe is 3-6 times of that of the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the ring pipe is uniformly provided with coating agent through holes at intervals, wherein the hole diameter is 1/8 of the inner diameter of the ring pipe.
The method for preparing the energetic material by using the spray drying bed for preparing the energetic material comprises the following specific steps:
containing 1 wt% HMX, acetone as solvent, and an inlet temperature of 343K, from the inlet for 4.5 ml min-1The mixture enters a central tube of a spray drying bed, 5wt% of coating agent paraffin is atomized in an annular tube of the spray drying bed, the annular tube is distributed in an inverted cone shape, 4 layers of the annular tube are arranged along the side wall of a nozzle at intervals, and the vertical distance between every two layers is 1/5 of the length of the annular tube; the inner diameter of the ring pipe is 3-6 times of that of the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the ring pipe is uniformly provided with coating agent through holes at intervals, wherein the hole diameter is 1/8 of the inner diameter of the ring pipe.
In the process, the HMX solution is atomized and refinedCrystallization, and coating, followed by introduction of 300L h into the bottom of the spray-dried bed-1And drying by using nitrogen, separating the dried HMX particles by using a cyclone separator, collecting the separated HMX particles in a collecting tank, and cooling the gas and then discharging the cooled gas by using an exhaust fan. The research result shows that the yield of HMX can reach 10 g h-1Particle size of 0.1-0.4 μm, impact sensitivity (H)50) Can reach 50 cm.
Example 2: the method for preparing the energetic material by using the spray drying bed for preparing the energetic material comprises the following specific steps:
containing 2 wt% of RDX, acetone as solvent, at an inlet temperature of 333K, from a liquid inlet in a volume of 3 ml min-1And the inner diameter of the central pipe is one twentieth of the cross section area of the spray drying bed, four rows of holes are longitudinally formed, the central angle corresponding to the center of the adjacent through hole is 90 degrees, and the aperture is one third of the inner diameter of the through hole. 2 wt% of coating agent polyurethane is atomized in a spray drying bed annular pipe, the annular pipe is distributed in an inverted cone shape, 6 layers of the annular pipe are arranged along the side wall of the nozzle at intervals, and the vertical distance between every two layers is 1/7 of the length of the annular pipe; the inner diameter of the ring pipe is 3-6 times of that of the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the ring pipe is uniformly provided with coating agent through holes at intervals, wherein the hole diameter is 1/8 of the inner diameter of the ring pipe.
In the process, the RDX solution is refined, crystallized and coated, and then is introduced into 450L h from the bottom of the spray drying bed-1The dried RDX particles are separated by a cyclone separator and collected in a collecting tank, and the gas is discharged by an exhaust fan after being cooled. The research result shows that the yield of RDX can reach 20 g h-1Particle size of 0.3-0.5 μm, impact sensitivity (H)50) Can reach 45 cm.
Example 3: the method for preparing the energetic material by using the spray-dried bed for preparing the energetic material comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
containing 3 wt% of CL-20, the solvent being acetone, the inlet temperature being 353K, the amount of the solvent being 5 ml min from the liquid inlet-1And the inner diameter of the central pipe is one forty times of the cross section area of the spray drying bed, five rows of holes are longitudinally formed, the central angle corresponding to the center of each adjacent through hole is 72 degrees, and the aperture is one eighth of the inner diameter of each through hole. Coating agent EPDM 3 wt% in spray drying bedAtomizing in an annular pipe, wherein the annular pipe is distributed in an inverted cone shape, 4 layers of the annular pipe are arranged along the side wall of the nozzle at intervals, and the vertical distance between every two layers is 1/4 of the length of the annular pipe; the inner diameter of the ring pipe is 5 times of that of the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the ring pipe is uniformly provided with coating agent through holes at intervals, wherein the hole diameter is 1/8 of the inner diameter of the ring pipe.
In the process, the CL-20 solution is refined, crystallized and coated, and then is introduced into the spray-drying bed at the bottom of 350L h-1And drying by nitrogen, separating the dried CL-20 particles by a cyclone separator, collecting the particles in a collecting tank, and cooling the gas and then discharging the gas by an exhaust fan. The research result shows that the yield of CL-20 can reach 15 g h-1Particle size of 0.05-0.3 μm, impact sensitivity (H)50) Can reach 55 cm.
Experimental example 1: to better illustrate the superiority of the nozzle design, a comparative experiment was further conducted in which 1 wt% HMX in acetone as a solvent was mixed with 5wt% paraffin as a coating agent at an inlet temperature of 343K, and the mixture was passed through a liquid inlet for 4.5 ml min-1And the inner diameter of the central pipe is one-thirtieth of the cross section area of the spray drying bed, three rows of holes are longitudinally formed, the central angle corresponding to the center of each adjacent through hole is 120 degrees, and the aperture is one-fourth of the inner diameter of each through hole.
In this process, the HMX solution is atomized, refined, crystallized and coated, and then introduced into the bottom of the spray-drying bed at 300L h-1And drying by using nitrogen, separating the dried HMX particles by using a cyclone separator, collecting the separated HMX particles in a collecting tank, and cooling the gas and then discharging the cooled gas by using an exhaust fan. The research result shows that the yield of HMX can reach 10 g h-1Particle size 1-5 μm, impact sensitivity (H)50) Is 30 cm, which is significantly lower than the 50 cm impact sensitivity of example 1 when atomizing the energetic material solution and the coating agent separately. In addition, for energetic materials, the crystallization speed is high, the coating agent and the energetic materials need to be contacted in a short time, and the coating agent and the energetic materials can be accurately coated by arranging the coating agent and the energetic materials in the same nozzle atomizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics: the integration of refining, crystallization and coating is realized in the spray drying bed, and the preparation efficiency of the energetic material is improved. The nozzle central tube and the ring system tube can controllably atomize the energetic material solution and the coating agent at different positions and opening sizes, so that the requirements of different energetic materials and the coating agent on the performances of the energetic materials and the coating agent are met, the problems that the traditional energetic material preparation process is long in route, cannot be continuous and the like are greatly simplified, the problems that the energetic material is coated after being prepared are solved, the preparation of the high-energy insensitive energetic material is facilitated, the preparation efficiency is high, the continuous production can be realized, and the nozzle central tube and the ring system tube can be used for the preparation processes of other core-shell materials and the like.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A spray-dried bed for the preparation of energetic materials, characterized by: a nozzle (2) is arranged at a liquid inlet at the top of the spray drying bed (1), a bottom air inlet is connected with a nitrogen cylinder (3), a liquid outlet at the side wall of the bottom end is connected with a cyclone separator (4), a particle collector (5) is arranged at the bottom of the cyclone separator (4), the top of the cyclone separator is connected with a condenser (6), and the end part of the condenser (6) is connected with an exhaust fan (7);
a central pipe (8) is arranged at the center of the top of the nozzle (2), and ring pipes (9) are arranged at intervals along the side wall of the nozzle; the central pipe (8) is connected with an energetic material liquid storage tank (12) through a liquid flowmeter I (10) and a liquid pump I (11); the ring pipe (9) is connected with a coating agent storage tank (15) through a liquid flowmeter II (13) and a liquid pump II (14).
2. The spray-dried bed of claim 1, wherein the energetic material is produced by: a plurality of through holes (16) are arranged on the wall of the central pipe at intervals; the ring pipe is provided with a plurality of cladding agent outlets (17) at intervals.
3. A spray-dried bed of energetic material as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the central tube is cylindrical, and the cross sectional area is 1/50-1/10 of the cross sectional area of the spray drying bed; 2-5 rows of through holes (16) are longitudinally formed in the wall of the central tube, and the central angle corresponding to the centers of the adjacent through holes is 72-180 degrees; the aperture of the through hole is 1/3-1/10 of the inner diameter of the central tube.
4. A spray-dried bed of energetic material as claimed in claim 2 wherein: 2-6 layers of ring pipes are arranged along the side wall of the nozzle at intervals, and the vertical distance between every two layers is 1/3-1/7; the inner diameter of the ring pipe is 3-6 times of that of the central pipe, and the pipe wall of the ring pipe is uniformly provided with coating agent outlets (17) at intervals, and the pore diameter is 1/4-1/12 of the inner diameter of the ring pipe.
5. A method of preparing an energetic material using a spray-dried bed of energetic material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein: the method comprises the following specific steps: the energetic material solution is sent into a spray drying bed through a liquid pump I and a liquid flowmeter I and a liquid inlet pipe through a central pipe at the top of a nozzle, a coating agent enters through a liquid pump II and the liquid flowmeter II in a pipe of the nozzle, atomization, refinement, crystallization and coating are carried out under the combined action of the central pipe of the nozzle and a ring system pipe, then drying is carried out under the action of hot nitrogen, particles are collected into a collecting tank after cyclone separation, and gas is discharged by an exhaust fan after being cooled;
the concentration of the energetic material is 0.1-5wt%, the solvent is one or a mixture of methyl acetate, acetone, acetonitrile or butanone which are randomly mixed, and the volume is 5-30 ml; the temperature is 323-; the liquid flow is 1-10 ml/min; the gas flow is 100-500L/h; the coating agent is paraffin, stearic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane, EVA or EPDM.
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CN114396787A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-26 湖北航天化学技术研究所 Drying device and method for energetic material

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US20040139908A1 (en) * 2001-05-05 2004-07-22 Bowe Michael Joseph Formation of small crystals
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114396787A (en) * 2022-01-21 2022-04-26 湖北航天化学技术研究所 Drying device and method for energetic material

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