CN113575313A - Application of copper nano fertilizer in improvement of tomato resistance and yield - Google Patents
Application of copper nano fertilizer in improvement of tomato resistance and yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575313A CN113575313A CN202110857252.6A CN202110857252A CN113575313A CN 113575313 A CN113575313 A CN 113575313A CN 202110857252 A CN202110857252 A CN 202110857252A CN 113575313 A CN113575313 A CN 113575313A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of nano agriculture, and particularly discloses application of a copper nano fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield. The copper nano-fertilizer is a zero-valent Cu nano-material with the size of 1-10 nm. The invention can obviously increase the resistance of the tomatoes, slow down the aging of the leaves of the tomatoes, enhance the photosynthesis, promote the growth of the roots and the absorption of nutrients and improve the yield of the tomatoes. Meanwhile, Cu is not enriched in tomato fruits. The Cu-based nano fertilizer has the advantages of environmental friendliness and biological safety when being applied to tomato planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano agriculture, and particularly discloses application of a copper nano fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield.
Background
The united nations DESA predicted once in 2015: in 2050, the world population breaks through 98 hundred million and the demand of food reaches twice of the existing yield. At present, 1.87 hundred million tons of fertilizers and 400 million tons of traditional pesticides are consumed in grain production worldwide every year, and the usage amount rises year by year. The utilization rate of fertilizers and pesticides is only 30-50%, and the application of a large amount of fertilizers and pesticides causes extremely serious environmental problems. Therefore, it is imperative to innovate agricultural technologies and explore the sustainable development of agricultural production.
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, novel nano agricultural products such as nano fertilizers and nano pesticides produced by artificial nanomaterials (ENMs) have shown great potential in the aspects of increasing crop yield, improving crop quality, reducing plant diseases and insect pests and the like. Tomatoes are the major economic crops in the world and are also one of the favorite agricultural products of people. Therefore, increasing tomato yield is particularly important for increasing food demand. However, the application of the nano fertilizer in tomato yield increase is not found in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
one of the purposes of the invention is to provide an application of a copper nano-fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield, wherein the copper nano-fertilizer is a zero-valent Cu nano-material and has a size of 1-10 nm.
As an embodiment of the invention, a zero-valent Cu nano material is prepared into a copper nano fertilizer solution; the application mode of the copper nano-fertilizer solution is root dropwise adding and/or leaf surface spraying.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the copper nano-fertilizer solution uses water as a solvent.
As an embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the copper nano-fertilizer solution applied to the roots is 0.01-10 mg/L.
As an embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the copper nano-fertilizer solution applied to the roots is 0.1-5 mg/L.
As an embodiment of the invention, the volume of the copper nano fertilizer solution applied to the roots is 50-150 mL/plant.
As an embodiment of the invention, the volume of the copper nano fertilizer solution applied to the roots is 80-120 mL/plant.
As an embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliage spraying is 0.1-20 mg/L.
As an embodiment of the invention, the concentration of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliage spraying is 5-15 mg/L.
As an embodiment of the invention, the volume of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliage spraying is 1-100 mL/plant.
As an embodiment of the invention, the volume of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliage spraying is 20-50 mL/plant.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the application period of the copper nanofertilizer is the first four-leaf one-heart period of tomato.
As an embodiment of the invention, the application of the copper nano fertilizer in improving the tomato resistance and yield sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing tomato seeds;
(2) culturing and sprouting in a culture dish;
(3) soil culture: and when the tomato seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart, applying the copper nano fertilizer.
As an embodiment of the present invention, the step (1) is specifically: tomato seeds were sterilized in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes and then rinsed 3 times with deionized water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention discloses an application of a copper nano fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield. The particle size of the copper nano fertilizer is 1-10nm, so that the tomato resistance can be obviously increased, the aging of tomato leaves can be slowed down, the photosynthesis can be enhanced, the root growth and nutrient absorption can be promoted, and the tomato yield can be improved. Meanwhile, Cu is not enriched in tomato fruits. Therefore, the Cu-based nano fertilizer has the advantages of being green and biologically safe when being applied to tomato planting.
(2) Compared with tomatoes planted without applying the nano Cu fertilizer, the tomatoes planted with the nano Cu fertilizer have the advantages that the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tomato plants is remarkably improved: resistant key enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) are respectively increased by 17.95%, 128.57% and 25.92%; promoting root growth and nutrient absorption: the expression of the synthetic gene of the root auxin is improved by 111.8 percent, the number of new root tips is increased by 100 percent, and the absorption of N and P is respectively increased by 21.8 percent and 17.2 percent; the photosynthesis is obviously enhanced: the net photosynthetic rate is increased by 25%; the tomato yield is obviously improved: the tomato yield is improved by 12.21%; the Cu content in the leaves is improved by 30.2 percent, and the Cu is not enriched and increased in the fruits.
(3) In the research of the invention, the main mechanisms of improving the tomato yield by using the Cu nano fertilizer are found to be the following two aspects:
promoting photosynthesis by using the Cu nano fertilizer: the application of the Cu nano fertilizer improves the content of Cu in the tomato leaves, and the Cu element is the core element of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POD) of the tomato. The Cu nano fertilizer can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the tomato leaves, slow down yellowing and aging of the leaves and improve photosynthesis of the leaves.
Promoting the growth of tomato roots and absorbing nutrients by using the Cu nano fertilizer: in the root, the Cu nano fertilizer improves the expression of auxin synthetic genes of the tomato, increases the synthesis of the auxin, promotes the root, particularly the growth of new tomato roots, and increases the absorption of nutrients such as N, P and the like by tomato plants.
Drawings
FIG. 1: TEM images and size distribution of Cu nanofertilizer used in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a drawing: the size distribution of the Cu nanofertilizer used in example 1;
FIG. 3: the Cu content of the tomato leaves is improved by the Cu nano fertilizer in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 is a drawing: the photosynthesis rate of the tomatoes is improved by the Cu nano fertilizer in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 5: in the embodiment 1, the Cu nano fertilizer improves tomato superoxide dismutase (SOD);
FIG. 6: the improvement of the tomato Catalase (CAT) by the Cu nano fertilizer in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 7: the improvement of tomato Peroxidase (POD) by the Cu nano fertilizer in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 8: in the embodiment 1, the Cu nano fertilizer improves the expression of a root auxin synthetic gene;
FIG. 9: the Cu nano fertilizer in the embodiment 1 promotes the growth of the root tip number of the tomato;
FIG. 10: in the embodiment 1, the Cu nano fertilizer can increase the absorption of nutrients P and K at roots;
FIG. 11: the yield of the tomatoes is improved by the Cu nano fertilizer in the embodiment 1;
FIG. 12: the Cu content of the tomato fruit in example 1;
FIG. 13: SEM photograph of 2 μm of zero valent Cu micron material in example 2.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of better illustrating the invention and is not intended to limit the invention thereto.
The main determination method comprises the following steps:
(1)determination of elements: the elemental Cu, P and K contents of the samples were determined by standard ICP techniques. The measuring method of the elements Cu, P and K comprises the following steps:
taking a dry sample (25mg), adding 3mL nitric acid and 3mL ultrapure water, placing the dry sample into a digestion tube, digesting by using a microwave digestion instrument, and setting digestion parameters: 1600W, 190 ℃ and 75min, filtering the obtained solution through a filter membrane (0.22 mu mPES), metering to 50mL, and storing at 4 ℃ for detection.
The concentration of the solution was determined using triple quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Quantitative standard curves were prepared using a multi-element standard solution (for ICP analysis, GNM-M203814-2013) with the P and K element standard curve concentrations set to: 0, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 10000 ug/L; the standard curve concentration of Cu element was set as: 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 100 ug/L. Specific detection methods are described in references (Zuuaga, J., Rodriguez, N., Rivas-Ramirez, I., de la Fuente, V., Rufo, L., Amils, R.,2011.An improved quantitative method for electronic analysis of a quantity used induced planar mass spectrometry. biol. Trace Elem. Res.144, 1302-1317).
(2)Determination of antioxidant enzymes: antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT), and the specific detection method is described in reference literature (Rongbao Cheng, Zhuhuixian, Wumilitary Britain, 2006. Brassica napus self-compatible line and self-incompatible lineAnd SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities, Chinese oil plant bulletin, 028,162-165, 171).
(3)Determination of key genes: all gene expression data were determined by quantitative PCR techniques. Total RNA of plants was extracted using a general plant Total RNA extraction kit (Takara, Japan). The purity and concentration of the extracted RNA are measured by an ultramicro spectrophotometer, and qualified RNA is detected to carry out subsequent reverse transcription experiments. The satisfactory RNA samples were then reverse transcribed into cDNA using an RNA reverse transcription kit (Takara, Japan), and stored at-80 ℃ until use.
Sources of test materials:
the 2nm zero-valent Cu nano material and the 2 mu m zero-valent Cu nano material can adopt commercial materials or self-prepared materials.
The tomato seeds are from the academy of agricultural sciences of Jiangsu province.
Example 1(NCs)
The application of 2nm zero-valent Cu nano material (TEM picture is shown in figure 1) as fertilizer in promoting tomato resistance and yield comprises the following steps:
(1) sterilizing tomato seeds in a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 minutes, and then washing with deionized water for 3 times;
(2) soaking the seeds in deionized water for 4 hours after disinfection, then putting the seeds into a culture dish padded with moist filter paper, culturing under the dark condition of a greenhouse, and spraying water regularly every day;
(3) after 5 days of culture, selecting seeds with uniform buds, and transferring the seeds into a soil culture vessel of 5.0 kg;
(4) when the tomato seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart, 100 mL/plant of 1 mg/L2 nm zero-valent Cu nano-fertilizer aqueous solution is dripped into the roots.
Photosynthetic, root, yield, etc. parameters were tested during the tomato maturity stage.
Comparative example 1(CK)
A tomato planting method without applying a nano-Cu fertilizer, referring to example 1, except that no zero-valent Cu nano-fertilizer is applied.
As a result, it was found that the tomatoes planted in example 1 with the nano Cu fertilizer had 30.2% higher Cu content in the leaves and 25% higher net photosynthetic rate than the tomatoes planted in comparative example 1 without the nano Cu fertilizer (fig. 3); resistant key enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Peroxidase (POD) are respectively increased by 17.95% (figure 5), 128.57% (figure 6) and 25.92% (figure 7); the expression of the root auxin synthetic gene is improved by 111.8 percent (figure 8), the number of new root tips is increased by 100 percent (figure 9), and the absorption of N and P is respectively increased by 21.8 percent and 17.2 percent (figure 10); the final tomato yield increased by 12.21% (fig. 11). Tomato fruits planted with the applied nanocu fertilizer of example 1 were tested and found to have no increase in Cu enrichment in the fruits compared to control 1 (fig. 12, experimentally determined, tomato fruits treated with nanocu fertilizer have no significant difference in copper content in the fruits compared to control CK).
According to the dietary guidelines of Chinese residents published by the Chinese academy of nutrition, 300g of tomatoes which can be eaten in one day are drawn up, and the specific data are shown in Table 1. Eating the tomatoes cultured by the invention, the copper intake of a human body is lower than a reference value, so the tomatoes cultured by the invention belong to safe foods.
TABLE 1
Example 2
The Cu fertilizer in the example 1 is adjusted to be 2 mu m zero-valent Cu nano material (SEM picture is shown in figure 13) and Cu ion solution, other parameters are consistent with those in the example 1, and the parameters of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme, yield and the like are tested in the tomato mature period. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Note: (the specific evaluation standard of Cu enrichment is that the copper content in the tomato fruits treated by the nano Cu fertilizer is obviously increased compared with that of the tomato fruits treated by the control CK)
Example 3
The application amount of the Cu fertilizer in the example 1 is adjusted, the concentration is still 1mg/L, and the application volume is adjusted between 50 and 150 mL/plant. Other parameters were kept the same as in example 1, and photosynthetic, antioxidant enzyme, yield, etc. parameters were tested during tomato maturation. As shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Note: (the specific evaluation standard of Cu enrichment is that the copper content in the tomato fruits treated by the nano Cu fertilizer is obviously increased compared with that of the tomato fruits treated by the control CK)
Example 4
The application mode of the Cu fertilizer in the example 1 is adjusted to be foliar fertilization, the concentration is 10mg/L, and the application volume is adjusted to be 1-100 mL/plant. Other parameters were kept the same as in example 1, and photosynthetic, antioxidant enzyme, yield, etc. parameters were tested during tomato maturation. As shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Note: (the specific evaluation standard of Cu enrichment is that the copper content in the tomato fruits treated by the nano Cu fertilizer is obviously increased compared with that of the tomato fruits treated by the control CK)
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the copper nano fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield is characterized in that the copper nano fertilizer is a zero-valent Cu nano material, and the size of the copper nano fertilizer is 1-10 nm.
2. The application of the copper nano-fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield according to claim 1, characterized in that a zero-valent Cu nano-material is prepared into a copper nano-fertilizer solution; the application mode of the copper nano-fertilizer solution is root dropwise adding and/or leaf surface spraying.
3. The use of the copper nanofertilizer according to claim 2 for improving tomato resistance and yield, wherein the concentration of copper nanofertilizer solution applied to roots is 0.01-10 mg/L.
4. The use of the copper nanofertilizer according to claim 2 for improving tomato resistance and yield, wherein the volume of copper nanofertilizer solution applied to roots is 50-150mL per plant.
5. The use of the copper nanofertilizer according to claim 4 for improving tomato resistance and yield, wherein the volume of copper nanofertilizer solution applied to roots is 80-120 mL/plant.
6. The application of the copper nano-fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliar spraying is 0.1-20 mg/L.
7. The application of the copper nano-fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield as claimed in claim 2, wherein the volume of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliar spraying is 1-100 mL/plant.
8. The application of the copper nano-fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield as claimed in claim 7, wherein the volume of the copper nano-fertilizer solution adopted for foliar spraying is 20-50 mL/plant.
9. The use of the copper nanofertilizer according to claim 1 for improving tomato resistance and yield, wherein the copper nanofertilizer is applied during the first four-leaf and one-heart period of tomato emergence.
10. The application of the copper nano-fertilizer in improving tomato resistance and yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1) sterilizing tomato seeds;
(2) culturing and sprouting in a culture dish;
(3) soil culture: and when the tomato seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart, applying the copper nano fertilizer.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114080967A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-02-25 | 苏州新高塬生物科技有限公司 | Foliage selenium fertilizer application method for promoting cherry radish expansion and nutrient accumulation |
| CN114586614A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-07 | 江南大学 | Application of manganese ferrite nano material in inducing early flowering and increasing yield of tomatoes |
| CN115568384A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-01-06 | 江南大学 | Application of cerium oxide nano material in enhancing postharvest preservation on the basis of promoting tomato yield and tomato quality |
| CN115885800A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-04 | 江南大学 | Method for promoting soybean to enhance nodulation and increase yield by applying iron-based nanomaterial on leaves |
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| CN115885800A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-04-04 | 江南大学 | Method for promoting soybean to enhance nodulation and increase yield by applying iron-based nanomaterial on leaves |
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