CN113572384B - 一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法 - Google Patents

一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法 Download PDF

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CN113572384B
CN113572384B CN202110636620.4A CN202110636620A CN113572384B CN 113572384 B CN113572384 B CN 113572384B CN 202110636620 A CN202110636620 A CN 202110636620A CN 113572384 B CN113572384 B CN 113572384B
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苏朝阳
蒋峰
黄敏
方刚
卢进军
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Goodwe Technologies Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法，应用于包括多路boost电路和逆变电路的逆变器中，该逆变器变步长降载控制方法为：基于各路boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值的大小，分别确定各路boost电路对应的电压调节步长，boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值越大，则对应的电压调节步长越大，将各路boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路boost电路的闭环参考电压上而对各路boost电路实现电压闭环控制。本发明能够达到PV电压较低的boost电路降载较多、PV电压较高的boost电路降载较少、降载后母线电压升高值较少的目的，能够在降载后维持较低的母线电压，从而避免逆变输出电感波纹增大、损耗增大、效率降低，并延长器件寿命。

Description

一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及分布式发电技术领域，具体涉及一种逆变器采用的变步长降载控制方法。
背景技术
大功率组串式光伏逆变器一般采用如附图1所示的拓扑，其前级为boost电路，用于控制PV电压实现宽范围的Mppt追踪，输入侧一般设有多个boost电路以实现多路Mppt追踪，后级为逆变电路，采用并网控制算法输出电流到电网，并维持母线电压为恒定值。
正常工作状态下，boost电路采用Mppt功率追踪算法，不断调整PV电压，使逆变器能输出最大功率，因此逆变器的有功功率输出由前级boost电路来控制。由于受并网安规的要求，如电网频率超限时，逆变器需要降载，此时需要boost电路调整PV电压减小功率输出，一般是通过升高PV电压实现。
由于输入侧一般有多路boost电路，降载时一般采用统一升高PV电压的方式，以达到降低有功功率的目的。一种常见的降载方式如附图2所示，通过功率参考值和反馈值的偏差经过PI调节器输出一个电压调节量Δv，将该电压调节量Δv加到boost电路的闭环电压参考值上，从而调节PV电压达到降载的目的。
上述功率闭环控制方案，在降载时对于所有boost电路同时升高相同的电压，其存在以下问题：
（1）降载会升高PV电压，当PV电压高于母线电压时，母线电压也相应提高，而母线电压升高会导致逆变器输出电感波纹增大、损耗增大、效率降低；
（2）母线电压升高同时使元器件工作应力增大，影响器件寿命。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种避免降载后母线电压升高而带来的问题的逆变器变步长降载控制方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法，应用于包括多路boost电路和逆变电路的逆变器中，所述逆变器变步长降载控制方法为：基于各路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值的大小，分别确定各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长，所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值越大，则对应的所述电压调节步长越大，将各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路所述boost电路的闭环参考电压上而对各路所述boost电路实现电压闭环控制。
所述逆变器变步长降载控制方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：分别计算各路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值，第k路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值记为ΔUk，k=1，2，…，n为所述boost电路的路数序号，n为所述boost电路的总路数且n为大于1的整数；
步骤2：确定各路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值中的最大值ΔUmax；
步骤3：分别计算各路所述boost电路对应的变步长系数，第k路所述boost电路的变步长系数ak=ΔUk/ΔUmax；
步骤4：基于各路所述boost电路对应的变步长系数和电压调节量Δv分别计算各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长，第k路所述boost电路的电压调节步长=ak×Δv；
步骤5：将各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路所述boost电路的闭环参考电压上而对各路所述boost电路实现电压闭环控制。
所述步骤4中，所述电压调节量Δv由所述逆变器的功率参考值和功率反馈值的偏差经过PI调节器而得到。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明可以能够达到PV电压较低的boost电路降载较多、PV电压较高的boost电路降载较少、降载后母线电压升高值较少的目的，能够在降载后维持较低的母线电压，从而避免逆变输出电感波纹增大、损耗增大、效率降低，并延长器件寿命。
附图说明
附图1为逆变器拓扑图。
附图2为逆变器采用的典型降载方法示意图。
附图3为本发明的逆变器变步长降载控制方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例一：一种应用于包括多路boost电路和逆变电路的逆变器中的逆变器变步长降载控制方法为：基于各路boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值的大小，分别确定各路boost电路对应的电压调节步长，boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值越大，则对应的电压调节步长越大，将各路boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路boost电路的闭环参考电压上而对各路boost电路实现电压闭环控制。通常电压调节步长与boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值呈正比例。通过该控制方法，即可实现在降载时，对与母线电压偏差大（即PV电压相对较低）的boost电路降载多，而对与母线电压偏差小（即PV电压相对较高）的boost电路降载少。由于母线电压只与PV电压的最大值有关，故实现降载时，母线电压能够维持在较低的水平。
具体的，本实施例的逆变器变步长降载控制方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：分别计算各路boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值，第k路boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值记为ΔUk，k=1，2，…，n为boost电路的路数序号，n为boost电路的总路数且n为大于1的整数；
步骤2：确定各路boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值中的最大值ΔUmax；
步骤3：分别计算各路boost电路对应的变步长系数，第k路boost电路的变步长系数ak=ΔUk/ΔUmax；
步骤4：基于各路boost电路对应的变步长系数和电压调节量Δv分别计算各路boost电路对应的电压调节步长，第k路boost电路的电压调节步长=ak×Δv；该步骤4中，电压调节量Δv由逆变器的功率参考值P ref 和功率反馈值P ac 的偏差经过PI调节器而得到；
步骤5：如附图3所示，将各路boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路boost电路的闭环参考电压V ref_k 上而对各路boost电路实现电压闭环控制。
通过以上步骤，可以实现PV电压较低的boost电路降载电压调节步长较大、降载较多，PV电压较高的boost电路降载电压调节步长较小、降载较少，从而能够达到降载后母线电压升高值较少的目的，以能够在降载后维持较低的母线电压。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法，应用于包括多路boost电路和逆变电路的逆变器中，其特征在于：基于各路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值的大小，分别确定各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长，所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值越大，则对应的所述电压调节步长越大，将各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路所述boost电路的闭环参考电压上而对各路所述boost电路实现电压闭环控制；
所述逆变器变步长降载控制方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1：分别计算各路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值，第k路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值记为ΔUk，k=1，2，…，n为所述boost电路的路数序号，n为所述boost电路的总路数且n为大于1的整数；
步骤2：确定各路所述boost电路的PV电压与母线电压的偏差值中的最大值ΔUmax；
步骤3：分别计算各路所述boost电路对应的变步长系数，第k路所述boost电路的变步长系数ak=ΔUk/ΔUmax；
步骤4：基于各路所述boost电路对应的变步长系数和电压调节量Δv分别计算各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长，第k路所述boost电路的电压调节步长=ak×Δv；
步骤5：将各路所述boost电路对应的电压调节步长对应加到各路所述boost电路的闭环参考电压上而对各路所述boost电路实现电压闭环控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种逆变器变步长降载控制方法，其特征在于：所述步骤4中，所述电压调节量Δv由所述逆变器的功率参考值和功率反馈值的偏差经过PI调节器而得到。
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