CN113563143A - Ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidifying ammonium nitrate with HMX byproduct - Google Patents
Ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidifying ammonium nitrate with HMX byproduct Download PDFInfo
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- CN113563143A CN113563143A CN202010358379.9A CN202010358379A CN113563143A CN 113563143 A CN113563143 A CN 113563143A CN 202010358379 A CN202010358379 A CN 202010358379A CN 113563143 A CN113563143 A CN 113563143A
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- ammonium nitrate
- fuel oil
- explosive
- hmx
- acidified
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/32—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidizing ammonium nitrate by using a HMX by-product, which comprises, by mass, 92% -96% of acidized ammonium nitrate, 4% -8% of fuel oil and an alkaline surfactant accounting for 0.2% -0.5 wt% of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. The invention takes the byproduct acidified ammonium nitrate of the energetic material HMX production line as an oxidant, takes the optimized fuel oil as a combustible agent and takes an alkaline surfactant as a neutralization stabilizer to prepare the high-performance powdery ammonium nitrate fuel explosive, so that the byproduct acidified ammonium nitrate of the energetic material is recycled, waste is changed into valuable, and the detonation sensitivity, the explosion performance and the storage period of the high-performance powdery ammonium nitrate fuel explosive are obviously improved compared with those of the standard porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel explosive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, in particular to an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidifying ammonium nitrate by using a HMX byproduct and a method thereof.
Background
HMX is one of the most important basic energetic materials in the defense industry, and currently, the industrial production of HMX uses an acetic anhydride method (Bachmann method), namely a method for preparing HMX by carrying out nitrolysis on urotropine in the presence of ammonium nitrate by using acetic anhydride and nitric acid as nitrolysis agents and carrying out Barkmann reaction. The main reaction equation is:
After the reaction for preparing HMX is finished, redundant ammonium nitrate which does not participate in the reaction is remained in the mixed liquid of acetic anhydride, acetic acid and nitric acid. As the temperature of the mixed liquid is reduced, ammonium nitrate is precipitated. The formation of solid acidified ammonium nitrate by-product, 1 ton per 1 ton HMX produced, consists of: about 95% of ammonium nitrate, about 5% of high-energy explosive components such as HMX, RDX and linear chain nitramine byproducts, and the content of each component is 1% -2%. Because of the lack of a technically and economically effective recycling method, acidified ammonium nitrate is often used as waste to be incinerated or discharged, thereby causing serious environmental pollution and resource waste.
The ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is one of products which are mainly popularized in the national civil explosion industry, and mainly comprises porous granular ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, wherein the porous granular ammonium nitrate accounts for about 95 percent of the components, and the diesel oil accounts for about 5 percent; the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive has the advantages of low price, simple and convenient manufacture and field mixed loading mode, has certain dosage in the domestic mine blasting market, but has limited further development due to lower initiation sensitivity and explosion performance of the industrial explosive variety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidizing ammonium nitrate by using a HMX by-product and a method thereof, wherein the acidized ammonium nitrate by using the HMX by-product is subjected to simple drying (the moisture content is less than or equal to 0.2%) and refining (80% of the acidized ammonium nitrate passes through a standard sieve of 40 meshes) to prepare a powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive by using the acidized ammonium nitrate as an oxidant, so that the energetic material by-product is recycled, and the defects of low detonation sensitivity and low detonation performance of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive are overcome.
Therefore, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
an energy-increasing type powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive comprises, by mass, 92% -96% of acidified ammonium nitrate, 4% -8% of fuel oil and an alkaline surfactant accounting for 0.2% -0.5 wt% of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.
Preferably, the acidified ammonium nitrate is a byproduct generated in the preparation of HMX by an acetic anhydride method, and comprises 94-96 wt% of ammonium nitrate and 4-6 wt% of a mixture of HMX and RDX.
Preferably, the fuel oil is one or a mixture of two or more of white oil, vaseline, engine oil, compound wax and diesel oil.
Preferably, the alkaline surfactant is one or a mixture of two or more of sodium stearate, octadecylamine, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and calcium stearate.
According to the preparation method of the powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, the components are accurately metered according to the proportion, added into a spiral mixer and uniformly mixed to prepare the powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention uses the byproduct of energetic material, namely acidified ammonium nitrate to replace porous granular ammonium nitrate as an oxidant, and the prepared ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive has the characteristics of waste utilization, low cost and environmental friendliness.
(2) The waste acidified ammonium nitrate is used as a raw material, and a small amount of high-energy components HMX and RDX contained in the acidified ammonium nitrate just become a sensitizer of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, so that the initiation sensitivity and the explosion performance of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive are effectively improved.
(3) The invention takes the waste acidified ammonium nitrate as the raw material, the acidified ammonium nitrate can be compatible with various fuel oils (the standard ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is only diesel oil), and the selectivity of the combustible agent is increased. And a small amount of alkaline surfactant is added to neutralize the acidity of acidified ammonium nitrate and improve the anti-caking property of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.
(4) The powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by the method meets the performance indexes of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive in GB28286-2012 general technical conditions for industrial explosives.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided for a better understanding of the present invention and are not to be construed as limited to the best mode set forth herein, but rather are to be construed according to the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
The invention takes acidified ammonium nitrate which is a byproduct of an energetic material HMX production line as an oxidant, takes optimized fuel oil as a combustible agent and takes an alkaline surfactant as a neutralization stabilizer, so as to prepare the high-performance powdery ammonium nitrate fuel explosive, which not only realizes resource utilization of the acidified ammonium nitrate which is a byproduct of the energetic material and changes waste into valuable, but also obviously improves the initiation sensitivity, the explosion performance and the storage period compared with the conventional porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel explosive, and because the acidified ammonium nitrate byproduct contains about 4-6% of high-energy explosive components HMX and RDX, the acidified ammonium nitrate byproduct can be just used as a sensitizer in the ammonium nitrate fuel explosive, the initiation sensitivity and the explosion performance of the ammonium nitrate fuel explosive can be improved, and the defects of the conventional ammonium nitrate fuel explosive are overcome, so that the acidified ammonium nitrate has good application prospects in the ammonium nitrate fuel explosive.
Example 1:
dissolving 0.2% (additional) sodium stearate in 4% vaseline, heating to melt, stirring, spraying into 96% acidified ammonium nitrate, and mixing in a spiral mixer to obtain ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. Meets the performance index of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive in GB28286-2012 general technical conditions for industrial explosives.
Example 2:
dissolving 0.5% (additional) octadecylamine in 8% white oil, heating to melt, uniformly stirring, spraying into 92% acidified ammonium nitrate, and uniformly mixing in a spiral mixer to obtain the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. Meets the performance index of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive in GB28286-2012 general technical conditions for industrial explosives.
Example 3:
0.3 percent (added) of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is added into 95 percent of acidified ammonium nitrate, 5 percent of diesel oil is added after the mixture is mixed and stirred evenly in a spiral mixer, and the mixture is continuously mixed and stirred evenly. And obtaining the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive. Meets the performance index of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive in GB28286-2012 general technical conditions for industrial explosives.
Comparative example:
adding 5% of diesel oil into 95% of porous granules, loading into ammonium nitrate, and uniformly mixing in a spiral mixer to obtain the standard ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.
Prepared for the above examples and comparative examplesThe performance of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is detected, the detection result is shown in table 1, the performance detection is carried out according to the GB/T13228 requirement, and the explosion speed adopts phi 50
5mm
And (5) charging the welding steel pipe with the diameter of 350 mm.
TABLE 1 ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive performance test results of each example and comparative example
| Test examples | Detonation velocity (m/s) | Effective period (Tian) |
| Example 1 | 3250 | 60 |
| Example 2 | 3360 | 60 |
| Example 3 | 3320 | 50 |
| Comparative example | 2980 | 40 |
As can be seen from the performance data in Table 1, the detonation velocity and the storage period of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by the method are higher than those of standard ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, it should be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments but is defined by the claims, and those skilled in the art can appropriately modify the embodiments without departing from the technical idea and gist of the present invention, and the modified embodiments are obviously included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The energy-enhanced powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is characterized by comprising 92-96% of acidified ammonium nitrate and 4-8% of fuel oil by mass percent, and further comprising an alkaline surfactant accounting for 0.2-0.5 wt% of the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive.
2. The anfo explosive of claim 1 wherein the acidified ammonium nitrate is a by-product of the acetic anhydride process for HMX production.
3. The anfo explosive of claim 1, wherein the acidified ammonium nitrate comprises 94% to 96% by weight ammonium nitrate and 4% to 6% by weight of a mixture of HMX and RDX.
4. The anfo explosive of claim 1, wherein the fuel oil is one or a mixture of two or more of white oil, petrolatum, engine oil, compound wax, and diesel oil.
5. The ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive of claim 1, wherein the alkaline surfactant is one or a mixture of two or more of sodium stearate, octadecylamine, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and calcium stearate.
6. A process for the preparation of an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the powdery ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is prepared by accurately metering the components in proportions, feeding them into a helical mixer and mixing them homogeneously.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010358379.9A CN113563143A (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2020-04-29 | Ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidifying ammonium nitrate with HMX byproduct |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010358379.9A CN113563143A (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2020-04-29 | Ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive prepared by acidifying ammonium nitrate with HMX byproduct |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4163845A (en) * | 1978-04-26 | 1979-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Recycle of spent acid in nitrolysis of hexamine to RDX |
| CN101544524A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-09-30 | 北京星宇惠龙科技发展有限责任公司 | Anfo explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106044797A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 南京理工大学 | Resource-converting and cyclic utilization method for ammonium nitrate in HMX production process |
| CN106496152A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-15 | 南京理工大学 | The method that three two pots of step methods synthesize HMX |
-
2020
- 2020-04-29 CN CN202010358379.9A patent/CN113563143A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4163845A (en) * | 1978-04-26 | 1979-08-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Recycle of spent acid in nitrolysis of hexamine to RDX |
| CN101544524A (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2009-09-30 | 北京星宇惠龙科技发展有限责任公司 | Anfo explosive and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN106044797A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-26 | 南京理工大学 | Resource-converting and cyclic utilization method for ammonium nitrate in HMX production process |
| CN106496152A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-15 | 南京理工大学 | The method that three two pots of step methods synthesize HMX |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 李建华: "《环境科学与工程技术辞典修订版上》", 31 October 2005, 中国环境出版社 * |
| 璩世杰: "《***理论与技术基础》", 31 August 2016, 冶金工业出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20211029 |