CN113560737A

CN113560737A - Method and auxiliary device for improving performance of micro-texture cutter body material

Info

Publication number: CN113560737A
Application number: CN202110855022.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 佟欣; 曲强; 申佳宁; 王宇; 郭朝阳
Original assignee: Harbin University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Harbin University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-07-28
Filing date: 2021-07-28
Publication date: 2021-10-29
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-28
Also published as: CN113560737B

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an auxiliary device for improving the performance of a base material in the process of preparing a surface microtexture. The method and the device comprise the following steps: the use of inert assist gas to suppress combustion of the splashed molten material, the use of cooling gas to rapidly cool the machined workpiece, and a control system with an infrared temperature monitor and an integral dual channel gas injector. The method comprises the steps of fixing a workpiece on an operation table, setting laser processing parameters, carrying out laser micro-texture processing, simultaneously monitoring the temperature in real time by using a temperature monitor, and automatically controlling an auxiliary gas inlet valve and a cooling gas inlet valve. The method improves the cutting performance of the laser processing micro-texture cutter, and has important significance for the cutting industry of difficult-to-process materials.

Description

Method and auxiliary device for improving performance of micro-texture cutter body material

The invention relates to the field of micro-texture processing, in particular to a method and an auxiliary device for improving the performance of a base material in the process of preparing a surface micro-texture.

Background

The surface microtexturing is a novel manufacturing method, and the principle is to realize environment-friendly machining by changing the surface structure of the cutter. Surface microtexturing can be used to alter the cutting mechanism in machining, thereby affecting properties such as friction, wettability, reflectivity, absorptivity, adhesion, and hydrophobicity. Currently, surface microtexturing has been widely used in the machine manufacturing industry for various components, such as mechanical seals, thrust bearings, hydraulic motors, pistons, and prosthetic joints. In addition, the surface microtexture also has wide application in cutting tools and greatly improves the performance of the tools. Currently, microtextured cutters have been used in the fields of difficult-to-cut material machining, aerospace, medical machinery, and the like.

However, in the process of preparing the microtexture, the surface of the material is rapidly melted and gasified due to the instantaneous high temperature caused by the instantaneous high energy of the laser, and burrs are formed on the surface by the rapid cooling of the material in a partially molten state in the air. Burrs can change the surface roughness of the tool and seriously affect the cutting performance of the tool. Meanwhile, noise is generated in the cutting process of the cutter, and the abrasion of the cutter is accelerated.

The existing methods for removing the micro-texture processing burrs have defects. For example, patent application No. 2021101720315 (No. CN112975121A, grant No. 2021, 6 months and 18 days) discloses a method for laser processing of micro-texture on steel surface to prevent slag splashing. The method is to put steel into a box filled with oil. And (3) after the oil liquid submerges the surface of the steel, placing the micro-texture on the surface of the steel by using a laser marking machine. The method utilizes the air isolation effect of the oil liquid to inhibit the generation of molten burrs, but neglecting the high temperature of the laser, the oil liquid can be instantly boiled, and the splashing is easily caused. Secondly, the position of the microtexture may shift due to refraction of the oil, and the expected effect may not be achieved.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a solution for improving the cutting performance of the tool during the microtexture processing.

The invention is conceived as follows:

a method for improving the cutting performance of a microtextured cutter in a machining process is characterized in that:

(1) the generation of molten impurities is suppressed by utilizing the flame-suppressing property of the inert assist gas. The selected inert gas is nitrogen, which is a colorless and odorless gas in the normal condition, is inactive in chemical property and is difficult to react with other substances at normal temperature. The nitrogen gas can thus act to suppress combustion.

(2) After laser processing is finished, the workpiece is rapidly cooled by introducing cooling gas into the processed workpiece, and the rapid cooling can make the crystal grains in the metal become thinner, so that the finer the crystal grains, the more the crystal boundaries, and the higher the strength and the hardness.

(3) The gas ejector is connected with the control system, the designed ejector device is an integrated double-channel ejector, and the auxiliary gas and the cooling gas respectively enter the ejector from the two channels and are respectively ejected from the two channels. Has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong functionality. The device comprises an infrared temperature monitor, and when the temperature of the workpiece is detected to be instantly increased, a signal is transmitted to a control system, and the auxiliary gas automatic valve is rapidly opened; when the rapid cooling is detected, closing the auxiliary gas automatic valve and opening the cooling gas automatic valve; when the temperature is detected to be cooled to the room temperature, the cooling gas valve is automatically closed. And when automatic work is realized, the manual valves of the two air inlet pipes are reserved, so that the valves cannot be opened and closed in time when a system fails.

The method comprises the following steps:

firstly, placing a workpiece to be processed on an operation table;

setting laser processing parameters, aligning a laser marking machine to a test piece, and aligning an infrared temperature monitor to the surface of a workpiece to be processed;

step three, opening a switch of the laser marking machine, and dynamically adjusting the position of the ejector;

step four, after the auxiliary gas and the condensed gas work, checking whether the valve is closed tightly;

preferably, the material used for the micro-pit texture preparation test in the first step is a cemented carbide material with a mark number of YG8, and the main components are 92% of tungsten carbide and 8% of cobalt. The nitrogen pressure used in the first step was 300 kpa.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method for improving the cutting performance of the microtextured cutter in the machining process is realized by spraying the auxiliary gas and the cooling gas to the machined workpiece, and the operation is carried out in the machining process, so that the generation of burrs is effectively inhibited at the source.

2. The method for improving the cutting performance of the microtextured cutter in the machining process can be realized by using a designed automatic temperature control gas injection device, the whole process does not need manual intervention, and the temperature monitor has high sensitivity and good accuracy.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic workflow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an overall assembly view of the injector of the present embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an injector configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

in the drawing, FIG. 2 is a general assembly drawing of an ejector, 2-1, a gas ejector, 2-2, an infrared temperature detector, 2-3, auxiliary gas inlet, 2-4, a cooling gas inlet pipe valve, 2-5, a cooling gas inlet pipe, 2-6, a fixed frame, 2-7, a telescopic cylinder, 2-8, a fixed cylinder, 2-9 and a base; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an injector, 3-1, a cooling gas inlet pipe 3-2, an auxiliary gas inlet pipe 3-3, a fixing bolt hole 3-4, an injector shell 3-5, an injector nozzle 3-6, an auxiliary gas outlet pipe 3-7 and a cooling gas outlet pipe; FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas injector.

Detailed Description

In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment:

the flow schematic diagram of the method for improving the cutting performance of the microtextured cutter in the processing process of the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1: the preparation method of the micro-pit texture is selected as a winding path scanning method, namely, a laser focusing point scans along a circular path to realize the preparation of the micro-pit texture. Firstly, grinding the surface of a round workpiece subjected to wire cutting by using 1200# and 2000# metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning the surface by using industrial alcohol, and airing the surface to be processed; placing a test piece on a plane workbench of a laser, adjusting a laser focal point to be on the same plane with a surface to be processed, and setting corresponding laser processing parameters in a test scheme; aligning an infrared temperature monitor to the test piece; after all preparation works are finished, adjusting the position of the ejector to align the ejector to a processing workpiece; opening a switch of the laser marking machine, starting to process the laser micro-texture, detecting the rapid temperature rise by a temperature monitor at the moment, transmitting a signal to a control system, immediately opening an auxiliary gas inlet pipe valve by the control system, and introducing nitrogen; after the laser processing is finished, the temperature monitoring meter detects that the temperature is sharply reduced, and sends a signal to the control system, and at the moment, the system quickly closes the auxiliary gas inlet valve and opens the cooling gas inlet valve; and when the workpiece is cooled to the room temperature, the monitoring meter sends a signal, the system quickly closes the cooling gas inlet valve, and the operation is finished.

Claims

1. A method and an auxiliary device for improving the performance of a matrix material in the process of preparing a surface microtexture are characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, placing a workpiece to be processed on an operation table; setting laser processing parameters, aligning a laser marking machine to a test piece, and aligning an infrared temperature monitor to the surface of a workpiece to be processed; step three, opening a switch of the laser marking machine, and dynamically adjusting the position of the ejector; and step four, checking whether the valve is closed or not after the auxiliary gas and the condensed gas work.

2. The method and device for improving the performance of a substrate material during the preparation of a surface microtexture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inert gas is nitrogen, which is a colorless and odorless gas in normal conditions, chemically inert, and hardly reacts with other substances at room temperature, so that the nitrogen can inhibit combustion.

3. The method and the auxiliary device for improving the performance of the matrix material in the preparation process of the surface microtexture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the workpiece is rapidly cooled after the laser processing is completed, the method is to introduce cooling gas into the processed workpiece, the rapid cooling can make the crystal grains in the metal become thinner, and the finer the crystal grains are, the more the crystal boundaries are, the higher the strength and the higher the hardness are.

4. The method and the auxiliary device for improving the performance of the base material in the preparation process of the surface microtexture, according to claim 1, are characterized in that a gas ejector is connected with a control system, the designed ejector device is an integrated dual-channel ejector, the auxiliary gas and the cooling gas respectively enter the ejector from two channels and are respectively ejected from the two channels, the method and the device have the characteristics of small volume, light weight and strong functionality, the device comprises an infrared temperature monitor, when the temperature of a workpiece is detected to be instantly increased, a signal is transmitted to the control system, and an automatic valve of the auxiliary gas is rapidly opened; when the rapid cooling is detected, closing the auxiliary gas automatic valve and opening the cooling gas automatic valve; when the temperature is detected to be cooled to the room temperature, the cooling gas valve is automatically closed, and the manual valves of the two air inlet pipes are reserved while automatic work is realized, so that the valves cannot be opened and closed in time when a system fails.