CN113560497B - Low-cost high-efficiency manufacturing method of thin-wall titanium alloy casting - Google Patents
Low-cost high-efficiency manufacturing method of thin-wall titanium alloy casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN113560497B CN113560497B CN202110679219.9A CN202110679219A CN113560497B CN 113560497 B CN113560497 B CN 113560497B CN 202110679219 A CN202110679219 A CN 202110679219A CN 113560497 B CN113560497 B CN 113560497B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/068—Semi-permanent moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
Abstract
A manufacturing method of a thin-wall titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency comprises the procedures of mold design, mold processing, mold pretreatment, mold assembly and casting, wherein the thin-wall titanium alloy casting is cast through a composite mold of a nodular cast iron outer mold and a graphite inner core, the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core are of split structures, the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core can be conveniently detached from a casting after casting is completed, the surface of the casting is trimmed, and the production efficiency is improved; increasing the recycling times of the die; the graphite cast iron mold half and the graphite mold half are all pretreated before pouring, the baking treatment can remove the turning oxidation of the half-separation state existing on the surface of the graphite cast iron mold half, the surface of the newly-processed graphite cast iron mold half is passivated, the air inside the graphite mold half can be eliminated through vacuum degassing, the internal pores of the graphite mold half are reduced, the surface quality of a casting can be improved, and the low-cost and high-efficiency production of a thin-wall titanium alloy casting is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of thin-wall titanium alloy casting manufacturing, in particular to a manufacturing method of a thin-wall titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of small density, high plasticity, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of petrochemical industry, ships, aerospace and the like. At present, most of the titanium enterprises in China still adopt investment casting and graphite casting methods, and the manufacturing period is longer. When the graphite mold casting method is adopted, the graphite mold cannot be used for multiple times, the cost is high, the development period is long, and the surface roughness of the casting is high.
When the metal mold casting method is adopted, most of the gray cast iron or cast steel is adopted as the mold, the tensile strength and the yield strength are low, the mold is scrapped due to frequent fracture, and the recycling effect of the nodular cast iron mold is reduced. Particularly for thin-wall titanium alloy castings, the existing casting technology has the defects of high cost, long development period, high surface roughness and poor recycling effect of a mould, and the low-cost and high-efficiency production requirements of the thin-wall titanium alloy castings are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a thin-wall titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency, aiming at solving the problems of high cost, long development period, high surface roughness and difficult recycling of a mould in the prior art when the thin-wall titanium alloy casting is cast.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a manufacturing method of a thin-wall titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a mold
Designing a casting mold according to the thin-wall titanium alloy casting, wherein the mold consists of a nodular cast iron outer mold and a graphite inner core, a casting cavity matched with the shape of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting is formed between the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core, the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core are of split combined structures, the nodular cast iron outer mold consists of a plurality of nodular cast iron mold halves, and the graphite inner core consists of a plurality of graphite mold halves;
step two, processing the die
Respectively processing the nodular cast iron blank and the graphite blank by using a numerical control machine tool to obtain a plurality of nodular cast iron mold sections and a plurality of graphite mold sections, wherein the size errors of the nodular cast iron mold sections and the graphite mold sections are not more than 0.1mm, and the surface roughness of the nodular cast iron mold sections is Ra3.2-Ra6.3;
step three, mold pretreatment
3.1, cleaning the surface of the nodular cast iron mould section, removing the protruding edges and corners, then placing the nodular cast iron mould section into a heating furnace for baking treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 300-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 h, and discharging the nodular cast iron mould section out of the furnace after cooling along with the furnace for later use;
3.2, cleaning the surface of the graphite mold section, then placing the nodular cast iron mold section into a vacuum furnace for vacuum degassing, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace is less than 1Pa, the heating temperature is 800-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-6 h, cooling along with the furnace, discharging, and placing into an oven for later use;
step four, die assembling and casting
Cleaning the surfaces of the pretreated nodular cast iron mold halves and graphite mold halves, assembling the nodular cast iron mold halves and the graphite mold halves into an integral structure of a mold in a matching way, connecting the assembled mold with a pouring system, pouring into a casting cavity of the mold by adopting an open pouring system, respectively removing the plurality of nodular cast iron mold halves from the outer wall of the casting after the casting is cooled and formed, and then respectively removing the plurality of graphite mold halves from the inner wall of the casting to obtain the required thin-wall titanium alloy casting.
Preferably, the open gating system comprises a sprue, a cross gate and an ingate, and the proportion of the total cross-sectional area of the sprue of each of the sprue, the cross gate and the ingate is not less than 1.
Preferably, a VAC150kg casting furnace is adopted for casting, the vacuum degree of casting is less than or equal to 0.9Pa, the melting current is greater than or equal to 19KA, and the cooling time after casting is 60-90 min.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the thin-wall titanium alloy casting is cast through the composite mold of the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core, and the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core are of split structures, so that the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core can be conveniently detached from the casting after the casting is finished, the casting manufacturing period is shortened, and the production efficiency is improved; the split type nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core can trim the surfaces of the split type nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core easily, so that the disassembled mold halves can form the whole mold again, and the recycling times of the mold can be increased; the nodular cast iron mold halves and the graphite mold halves are pretreated before pouring, the baking treatment can oxidize and remove the scraps in a semi-separated state on the surfaces of the nodular cast iron mold halves, the surfaces of the newly processed nodular cast iron mold halves are passivated, the vacuum degassing can eliminate the air in the graphite mold halves and reduce the internal pores of the graphite mold halves, the graphite mold halves are put into an oven for standby after being taken out of the oven, the secondary air suction of graphite is prevented, the surface quality of a casting can be improved by a mold assembled after the pretreatment, the thin-wall titanium alloy casting manufactured by the method has good surface fluorescence quality, the internal X-ray flaw detection meets the national standard requirement, and the dimensional tolerance meets the requirement of GB/T6414-1999 CT8. The method has simple implementation process and obvious effect, and can meet the requirements of low-cost and high-efficiency batch stable production of thin-wall titanium alloy castings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a casting of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the entire mold in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the mold of example 1;
FIG. 4 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 3
The labels in the figure are: 1. nodular cast iron mold halves, 2, graphite mold halves.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a thin-wall titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency, which comprises the following steps:
step one, designing a mold
The casting mold is designed according to the thin-wall titanium alloy casting, the mold consists of a nodular cast iron outer mold and a graphite inner core, a casting cavity matched with the shape of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting is formed between the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core, the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core are of split combined structures, the nodular cast iron outer mold consists of a plurality of nodular cast iron mold halves, and the graphite inner core consists of a plurality of graphite mold halves.
Step two, processing the die
And respectively processing the nodular cast iron blank and the graphite blank by using a numerical control machine tool to obtain a plurality of nodular cast iron mold halves and a plurality of graphite mold halves, wherein the size errors of the nodular cast iron mold halves and the graphite mold halves are not more than 0.1mm, and the surface roughness of the nodular cast iron mold halves is Ra3.2-Ra6.3.
Step three, mold pretreatment
3.1, cleaning the surface of the nodular cast iron mould section, removing the protruding edges and corners, then placing the nodular cast iron mould section into a heating furnace for baking treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 300-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 h, and discharging the nodular cast iron mould section out of the furnace after cooling along with the furnace for later use.
3.2, cleaning the surface of the graphite mold section, then placing the nodular cast iron mold section into a vacuum furnace for vacuum degassing, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace is less than 1Pa, the heating temperature is 800-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-6 h, cooling along with the furnace, discharging, and placing into an oven for later use.
Step four, die assembling and casting
Cleaning the surfaces of the pretreated nodular cast iron mold sections and graphite mold sections, assembling the nodular cast iron mold sections and the graphite mold sections into an integral structure of the mold in a matching manner, connecting the assembled mold with a pouring system, and pouring into a casting cavity of the mold by adopting an open pouring system, wherein the open pouring system comprises a sprue, a cross runner and an ingate, and the proportion of the total cross-sectional area of the sprue, the cross runner and the ingate is not less than 1; and (2) casting by adopting a VAC150kg casting furnace, wherein the casting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.9Pa, the melting current is more than or equal to 19KA, the cooling time after casting is 60-90 min, after the casting is cooled and formed, the plurality of nodular cast iron mould halves are respectively detached from the outer wall of the casting, and then the plurality of graphite mould halves are respectively detached from the inner wall of the casting, so that the required thin-wall titanium alloy casting is obtained.
Example 1, the rear shell was cast by combining a nodular cast iron mold and a graphite mold, the material of the casting was ZTA15, as shown in fig. 1, the shape and structure of the casting was cylindrical Φ 405 × 310mm, the wall thickness was 4mm, the shrinkage was set to 0.7%, and the outer surface was offset by 0.2mm.
Model design: designing a pouring system: adopt open gating system, this foundry goods gating system divide into three-layer about in, and the upper strata sets up the rice word and waters, and middle level and lower floor set up the cross and water, guarantee that the foundry goods can be full of smoothly and adopt phi 60mm main runner to connect three-layer rice word cross gate (25X 25 mm) direct-connection in the thick major part department of foundry goods, and the total sectional area ratio of main runner and cross gate is about 1.
The die joint of appearance selects to be at the foundry goods surface, because circular structure and have the structure all around, in order to prevent the acute angle and increase the life of mould, can follow the outward radiation parting of centre of a circle, is convenient for increase the life of mould, and apart from outer wall 25mm department change straight line die joint, the split of the follow-up mould of being convenient for. The core has a pouring channel in the middle, so the middle needs to be processed separately, and the core is convenient to assemble by arranging a stop buckle.
Selecting materials for the die: the appearance of the mould adopts a nodular cast iron mould, the material is selected to be nodular cast iron QT500-7, and the inside of the mould does not need to have cracks, cold shut, impurities and penetrability defects. The inner core of the mould is machined graphite mould. The graphite has no cracks, the fracture crystallization is fine, and the holes are small.
Processing a mould: and (4) according to the three-dimensional graph of the die, programming a numerical control machining program by using three-dimensional modeling software, and finishing high-precision die machining by using a numerical control machine.
And (3) inspecting the die: and during inspection, the dimensions of each die are measured one by one, and whether the die is qualified is judged according to the dimensions and the tolerances given by a drawing and a form. The dimensional tolerance of the die processed by the numerical control machine tool reaches +/-0.1 mm, and the surface roughness of the nodular cast iron die reaches Ra6.3.
Pretreating a mould: the nodular cast iron mold should remove the protruding corner structure, and the machined nodular cast iron mold must be baked to remove the semi-detached turning scraps on the mold surface and passivate the cast iron mold surface. Before treatment, the baking furnace is checked (a checking power supply and a temperature control system) and cleaned, so that pollutants in the furnace are prevented, and the surface of the die is cleaned or cleaned. And (3) baking process: keeping the temperature at 400 +/-14 ℃ for 3h +/-10 min, cooling along with the furnace, and discharging.
Machined graphite has a strong gettering capacity and developed voids inside, and thus requires a degassing treatment in a vacuum furnace. Before treatment, the degassing furnace is checked (a checking power supply and a temperature control and control system) and cleaned, so that pollutants in the furnace are prevented, and the pollutants on the surface of the mold also need to be cleaned. And (3) degassing process: keeping the temperature at 920 +/-14 ℃, keeping the temperature for 4 +/-10 min, keeping the vacuum degree less than 1Pa, cooling along with the furnace, and discharging the product. And (4) after the graphite is discharged, putting the graphite into an oven for standby, and preventing the graphite from secondary air suction.
Forming and casting: before the mold assembly, graphite powder and the like on the surface of the mold are removed by a dust collector, compressed air and the like, and the appearance of the mold is checked to see whether defects, cracks, deformation and the like exist. When the casting mould is assembled, the lower mould is firstly placed on a disc for casting according to an assembly drawing, then the graphite core is assembled and placed on the lower mould, then the peripheral shape and the upper mould are assembled, fastened by a fastening device and finally connected to a casting system to be installed into a casting furnace. Casting in a VAC150kg casting furnace with the vacuum degree not more than 0.9Pa and the melting current not less than 19KA, cooling for 60min after casting, and discharging.
Claims (2)
1. The manufacturing method of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, designing a mold
Designing a casting mold according to the thin-wall titanium alloy casting, wherein the mold consists of a nodular cast iron outer mold and a graphite inner core, a casting cavity matched with the shape of the thin-wall titanium alloy casting is formed between the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core, the nodular cast iron outer mold and the graphite inner core are of split combined structures, the nodular cast iron outer mold consists of a plurality of nodular cast iron mold halves, and the graphite inner core consists of a plurality of graphite mold halves;
step two, processing the mould
Respectively processing the nodular cast iron blank and the graphite blank by using a numerical control machine tool to obtain a plurality of nodular cast iron mold halves and a plurality of graphite mold halves, wherein the size errors of the nodular cast iron mold halves and the graphite mold halves are not more than 0.1mm, and the surface roughness of the nodular cast iron mold halves is Ra3.2-Ra6.3; the shape structure of the casting is cylindrical, structures are arranged around the circular structure, the casting is subjected to radiation parting from the circle center to the outside, and the straight line parting is changed at a position 25mm away from the outer wall;
step three, mold pretreatment
3.1, cleaning the surface of the nodular cast iron mould section, removing the protruding edges and corners, then placing the nodular cast iron mould section into a heating furnace for baking treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 300-600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2-4 h, and discharging the nodular cast iron mould section out of the furnace after cooling along with the furnace for later use;
3.2, cleaning the surface of the graphite mold section, then placing the nodular cast iron mold section into a vacuum furnace for vacuum degassing, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuum furnace is less than 1Pa, the heating temperature is 800-1100 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3-6 h, cooling along with the furnace, discharging, and placing into an oven for later use;
step four, die assembly and casting
The method comprises the following steps of cleaning the surfaces of a pretreated nodular cast iron mold half and a graphite mold half, assembling the nodular cast iron mold half and the graphite mold half into an integral structure of a mold in a matching mode, connecting the assembled mold with a pouring system, and casting into a casting cavity of the mold by adopting an open pouring system, wherein the open pouring system comprises a sprue, a cross runner and an inner runner, the proportion of the total cross-sectional area of the sprue, the cross runner and the inner runner is not less than 1.
2. The method for manufacturing the thin-walled titanium alloy casting with low cost and high efficiency as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (3) casting by adopting a VAC150kg casting furnace, wherein the casting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 0.9Pa, the melting current is more than or equal to 19KA, and the cooling time after casting is 60-90 min.
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