CN113552030B - Expendable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device and method - Google Patents
Expendable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113552030B CN113552030B CN202110812123.5A CN202110812123A CN113552030B CN 113552030 B CN113552030 B CN 113552030B CN 202110812123 A CN202110812123 A CN 202110812123A CN 113552030 B CN113552030 B CN 113552030B
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
- G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/42—Determining position
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a disposable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device and a method, wherein an acquisition control circuit board controls to open a main circulating pump and a photoelectric sensor according to a sampling signal, the photoelectric sensor detects whether plastic particles pass through the silica gel plastic hose or not, and when the plastic particles do not pass through the silica gel plastic hose, seawater to be measured is discharged through a main water outlet; when plastic particles pass through, the secondary circulating pump is controlled to be opened, the main circulating pump is closed, the seawater to be detected is driven to the micro-plastic collecting clusters to be subjected to micro-plastic collection, the filtered seawater to be detected is discharged through the main water outlet, the main circulating pump is controlled to be opened after a period of time, the secondary circulating pump is closed, the processes are repeated until the seawater to be detected with the set volume is extracted, and the collection control circuit board records the number of the micro-plastic particles and calculates the concentration of the micro-plastic particles. The scheme disclosed by the invention can realize automatic measurement of the concentration of the micro plastic particles without manual intervention, thereby improving the measurement precision and reducing the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment monitoring, in particular to a disposable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device and method.
Background
Plastics are the most common high molecular compounds in daily life and industrial production. With the rapid development of the world industry, mankind pours and discharges a large amount of plastic garbage to the ocean. Statistically, about 10% of plastics enter the ocean through various routes each year causing an exponential growth in marine plastic wastes. However, plastics are difficult to degrade in natural marine environments, and complete decomposition takes hundreds of years, which poses a serious threat to marine ecology. It is generally considered that the micro-plastic in the sea refers to plastic particles with a particle size of less than 5 mm. Compared with the white pollution plastic, the micro plastic has tiny particle diameter and deeper harm range to the environment. The sources of the micro-plastics are mainly two, namely primary micro-plastics and secondary micro-plastics. The nascent microplastic is initially in the form of small plastic particles that are then applied to abrasives, injection molding and synthetic fibers, and these small plastic particles are easily transferred or discharged into rivers and into the ocean. The secondary micro plastic pollution is from large plastic product garbage, such as plastic products, plastic components of consumer products and the like, and is decomposed into small pieces through oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation, impact of waves, ocean currents and seacoasts, and the small pieces are deposited in seabed sediments with large density. Part of plastics are split and reduced in volume through physical, chemical and biological processes to form plastic fragments, and plastic materials with larger buoyancy float on the sea surface and are gathered together to form large-area plastic pollution due to the action of ocean currents.
The large amount of plastic garbage is increasingly threatening the survival of marine organisms, because the marine organisms can swallow the micro-plastics, causing the death of marine fishes and animals, and when the micro-plastics are ingested by low-nutrition-level organisms in the food chain, the micro-plastics can be enriched through the marine food chain and finally enter human bodies, thus affecting the health of the human bodies.
The marine micro plastic pollution does not disappear in a short time along with the exponential increase of the marine micro plastic pollution. Therefore, the development of the marine micro-plastic measurement technology helps scientists to know that marine plastic pollution is urgent and has important significance for marine environmental protection. In marine environments, low-cost micro-plastic detection systems are needed to monitor micro-plastics in ecological environments to protect the environment and to safeguard people's health. The current method for on-site measurement of marine micro-plastics is to drag a plankton net behind a ship, manually screen the collected samples, remove some non-plastic impurities and count. Then, the collected micro plastic particles are manually analyzed, and the concentration of the micro plastic is calculated according to the volume of the seawater flowing through the mesh screen, so that the method not only needs large-scale marine scientific research ships to go out of the sea, but also needs a large amount of funds and manpower, and also needs manual intervention, thereby having the problem of inaccurate measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a disposable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device and method, so as to improve the accuracy of marine micro-plastic concentration detection and reduce the cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an expendable field measurement device for marine micro-plastic concentration, the device comprising:
the device comprises a shell, a first end cover, a second end cover, a main circulating pump, a secondary circulating pump, a micro-plastic collection cluster, a photoelectric sensor and an acquisition control circuit board;
the main circulating pump, the secondary circulating pump, the micro-plastic collection cluster, the photoelectric sensor and the collection control circuit board are all arranged inside the shell, the first end cover and the second end cover are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell, a total water inlet penetrates through the second end cover and is respectively connected with a water inlet of the main circulating pump and one end of the micro-plastic collection cluster, the other end of the micro-plastic collection cluster is connected with a water inlet of the secondary circulating pump, a water outlet of the main circulating pump and a water outlet of the secondary circulating pump both penetrate through the second end cover and are connected with a total water outlet through a silica gel plastic hose, the photoelectric sensor is correspondingly arranged at the silica gel plastic hose between the main circulating pump and the total water outlet, and the photoelectric sensor, the main circulating pump and the secondary circulating pump are all connected with the collection control circuit board;
the collection control circuit board obtains sampling signals of each sampling, and controls to open the main circulating pump and the photoelectric sensor according to the sampling signals, so that seawater to be detected enters the main circulating pump and the silica gel plastic hose through a main water inlet, the photoelectric sensor detects whether plastic particles pass through the silica gel plastic hose, and when no plastic particles pass through the silica gel plastic hose, the extracted seawater to be detected is discharged through a main water outlet; when the plastic particles pass through, photoelectric sensor can produce a pulse, and send to collection control circuit board works as after collection control circuit board gathers this pulse, collection control circuit board control is opened inferior circulating pump closes the main circulating pump makes the sea water that awaits measuring that contains the plastic particles driven the collection of micro-plastic is clustered and is carried out the micro-plastic and collect, and the sea water that awaits measuring after the filtration loops through inferior circulating pump and total delivery port discharge, records current acquisition time, waits for a period of time after, collection control circuit board control is opened main circulating pump closes inferior circulating pump repeats above-mentioned process, until the extraction sets for the sea water that awaits measuring of capacity, collection control circuit board records the micro-plastic granule figure to according to the micro-plastic granule figure and set for the capacity calculation micro-plastic granule concentration.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the GPS antenna is arranged on the first end cover, is connected with the acquisition control circuit board and is used for acquiring current position information before and after sampling by the device and sending the current position information before and after sampling to the acquisition control circuit board so that the acquisition control circuit board can determine a seawater sampling position according to the current position information before and after sampling;
the iridium antenna is arranged on the first end cover, connected with the acquisition control circuit board and used for sending at least one of the current acquisition time, the seawater sampling position, the number of the micro plastic particles and the concentration of the micro plastic particles to a user.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
and the linear driver is connected with the acquisition control circuit board and used for performing linear movement according to the movement instruction sent by the acquisition control circuit board so as to replace the stainless steel filter in the micro-plastic collection cluster.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
the device comprises at least 2 studs and 4 partition plates, wherein the 4 partition plates are respectively a first partition plate, a second partition plate, a third partition plate and a fourth partition plate; the stud penetrates through the first partition plate, the second partition plate, the third partition plate and the fourth partition plate and is connected with the first end cover and the second end cover respectively, and the stud is used for supporting the first end cover and the second end cover;
the secondary circulation pump is arranged on the first partition plate, the main circulation pump is arranged on the second partition plate, the linear driver is arranged on the third partition plate, and the micro-plastic collection cluster and the collection control plate are arranged on the fourth partition plate.
Optionally, the photosensor comprises a laser transmitter and receiver; the laser transmitter and the receiver are respectively arranged on two sides of the silica gel plastic hose between the main circulating pump and the main water outlet; the laser transmitter and the receiver are respectively connected with the acquisition control circuit board;
the laser transmitter is used for transmitting laser according to the instruction of the acquisition control circuit board;
the receiver is used for receiving the laser, and when the receiver does not receive the laser, the receiver sends a pulse to the acquisition control circuit board.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: a cleaning injector arranged on the fourth clapboard;
the acquisition control circuit board pushes a push rod of the cleaning injector to inject disinfectant through a control motor, and each pipeline in the cleaning injector is cleaned.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises:
a first three-way pipe and a second three-way pipe; the first three-way pipe and the second three-way pipe are both arranged in the shell, a main water inlet penetrates through the second end cover and is connected with a first end of the first three-way pipe, a second end of the first three-way pipe is connected with a water inlet of the main circulating pump, a third end of the first three-way pipe is connected with one end of the micro-plastic collecting cluster, a water outlet of the secondary circulating pump is connected with a first end of the second three-way pipe, a second end of the second three-way pipe is connected with a water outlet of the main circulating pump, and a third end of the second three-way pipe penetrates through the second end cover and is connected with the main water outlet.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: the filter screen is arranged at the main water inlet and used for filtering sundries.
The invention also provides a disposable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement method, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: waiting for receiving a sampling signal;
step S2: recording current position information before sampling;
and step S3: controlling to open a main circulating pump according to the sampling signal so that the seawater to be detected flows through the main circulating pump;
and step S4: judging whether the filtered seawater to be detected reaches a set capacity; if the sampling capacity reaches the set capacity, closing the main circulating pump, recording the current position information and the number of the micro plastic particles after sampling, calculating the concentration of the micro plastic particles according to the number of the micro plastic particles and the set capacity, and determining the sampling position of the seawater according to the current position information before sampling and the current position information after sampling; if the set capacity is not reached, "step S5" is executed;
step S5: judging whether plastic particles are detected or not; if plastic particles are detected, controlling to open the secondary circulating pump, closing the main circulating pump, driving the seawater containing the plastic particles to be detected into a micro-plastic collecting cluster for micro-plastic collection, recording the current collecting time, after waiting for a period of time, controlling to open the main circulating pump, closing the secondary circulating pump, and executing step S6; if no plastic particles exist, returning to the step S4;
step S6: judging whether the sampling task is finished or not; if the sampling task is finished, the computer is shut down; if the sampling task is not completed, the reception of the sampling signal is waited and the process returns to step S3.
Optionally, before step S6, the method further includes:
step S7: controlling a linear driver to move linearly, and replacing the stainless steel filter in the micro plastic collection cluster;
step S8: and a motor is controlled to push a push rod of the cleaning injector to inject disinfectant, so that each pipeline in the cleaning injector is cleaned.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a jettisonable field measurement device and a method for marine micro-plastic concentration, which adopt an intermittent working mode to carry out field micro-plastic real-time monitoring by throwing a ship to a related sea area, meet the requirements of diversity, flexibility and maneuverability of marine micro-plastic concentration real-time monitoring and can adapt to the requirements of a new marine observation task; the device can also track and follow the gathering area of the marine micro-plastic, can automatically calculate the data of the marine micro-plastic and collect the micro-plastic without manual intervention, thereby improving the measurement precision; in addition, the scheme disclosed by the invention does not need large-scale marine scientific research ship to go out of the sea for operation, so that a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources can be saved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is an internal schematic diagram of the expendable marine micro-plastic concentration on-site measuring device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a general structure diagram of the expendable marine micro-plastic concentration on-site measuring device of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the method for measuring the concentration of the disposable marine micro-plastic on site;
description of the symbols:
1. iridium antenna, 2, GPS antenna, 3, first end cover, 4, baffle, 5, main circulating pump, 6, silica gel plastic hose, 7, receiver, 8, laser sender, 9, washing syringe, 10, acquisition control circuit board, 11, double-screw bolt, 12, lithium cell, 13, second end cover, 14, total water inlet, 15, water temperature and salinity sensor, 16, total water outlet, 17, counter weight, 18, micro plastic collection cluster, 19, linear driver, 20, secondary circulating pump, 21, water sail, 22, shell.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a disposable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device and method, so as to improve the accuracy of marine micro-plastic concentration detection and reduce the cost.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention discloses an expendable field measurement device for marine micro-plastic concentration, which comprises: the device comprises a shell 22, a first end cover 3, a second end cover 13, a main circulating pump 5, a secondary circulating pump 20, a micro-plastic collection cluster 18, a photoelectric sensor and an acquisition control circuit board 10; main circulating pump 5 inferior circulating pump 20 little plastics are collected and are clustered 18 photoelectric sensor with collection control circuit board 10 all sets up inside shell 22, first end cap 3 with second end cap 13 sets up respectively the both ends of shell 22, total water inlet 14 runs through second end cap 13 respectively with main circulating pump 5's water inlet with the one end that little plastics were collected and are clustered 18 is connected, little plastics are collected 18 the other end with inferior circulating pump 20's water inlet is connected, main circulating pump 5's delivery port with inferior circulating pump 20's delivery port all runs through second end cap 13, and is connected with total delivery port 16 through silica gel plastic hose 6, photoelectric sensor corresponds the setting and is in between main circulating pump 5 and the total delivery port 16 silica gel plastic hose 6 department, photoelectric sensor main circulating pump 5 with inferior circulating pump 20 all with collection control circuit board 10 connects. In this embodiment, photoelectric sensor main circulating pump 5 with inferior circulating pump 20 all with outside connection between the collection control circuit board 10 is the electricity and is connected, and the connection between all the other each devices is the tube coupling, and the tube coupling all adopts silica gel plastic hose 6 intercommunication.
The acquisition control circuit board 10 acquires sampling signals of each sampling, and controls to open the main circulating pump 5 and the photoelectric sensor according to the sampling signals, so that seawater to be detected enters the main circulating pump 5 and the silica gel plastic hose 6 through a main water inlet 14, the photoelectric sensor detects whether plastic particles pass through the silica gel plastic hose 6, and when no plastic particles pass through, the extracted seawater to be detected is discharged through a main water outlet 16; when plastic particles pass through, the photoelectric sensor can generate a pulse and send the pulse to the collection control circuit board 10, when the collection control circuit board 10 collects the pulse, the collection control circuit board 10 controls to open the secondary circulating pump 20 and close the main circulating pump 5, so that seawater to be detected containing the plastic particles is driven to the micro-plastic collection cluster 18 for micro-plastic collection, the filtered seawater to be detected sequentially passes through the secondary circulating pump 20 and the total water outlet 16 to be discharged, the current collection time is recorded, after waiting for a period of time, the collection control circuit board 10 controls to open the main circulating pump 5 and close the secondary circulating pump 20, the processes are repeated until the seawater to be detected with the set volume is extracted, the collection control circuit board 10 records the number of the micro-plastic particles, and the concentration of the micro-plastic particles is calculated according to the number of the micro-plastic particles and the set volume.
In this embodiment, the photoelectric sensor is turned on at a fixed time, and when the acquisition control circuit board 10 receives a pulse of the photoelectric sensor, the acquisition control circuit board 10 counts one more plastic particles. In addition, a period of time is set to 5 seconds, that is, after the acquisition control circuit board 10 controls the secondary circulation pump 20 to be turned on for 5 seconds, the secondary circulation pump 20 is turned off, so that plastic particles can be pushed and captured to the stainless steel filter of the micro plastic collection cluster 18 for a sufficient time. And then, opening the main circulating pump 5, calculating the capacity of the seawater to be detected by using the acquisition control circuit board 10 according to the set flow rate and the flow time until the volume reaches the set capacity, and calculating the concentration of the micro plastic particles according to the detected number of the micro plastic particles and the set capacity. The silicone plastic hose 6 is preferably a 7mm silicone plastic hose 6.
The housing 22 is preferably a PVC housing in this embodiment, on the outside of which flexible water sails 21 are arranged for increasing the drift of the device with the flow, these flexible water sails 21 ensuring that the device moves over a large measuring range.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: temperature and salinity sensor 15, temperature and salinity sensor 15 with acquisition control circuit board 10 electricity is connected, temperature and salinity sensor 15 is used for acquireing the temperature and the salinity of the sea water that awaits measuring to send the temperature and the salinity of sea water to acquisition control circuit board 10 to make acquisition control circuit board 10 send the temperature and the salinity of the sea water that awaits measuring to user or user terminal.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: a GPS antenna 2 and an iridium antenna 1; the GPS antenna 2 and the iridium antenna 1 are both arranged on the first end cover 3, and the GPS antenna 2 and the iridium antenna 1 are both connected with the acquisition control circuit board 10; the GPS antenna 2 is used for acquiring current position information before sampling and current position information after sampling of the device, and sending the current position information before sampling and the current position information after sampling to the acquisition control circuit board 10, so that the acquisition control circuit board 10 determines a seawater sampling position according to the current position information before sampling and the current position information after sampling; the iridium antenna 1 is used for sending transmission data to a user, wherein the transmission data is at least one of current acquisition time, the seawater sampling position, the number of micro plastic particles and the concentration of the micro plastic particles. In this embodiment, the transmission data may be sent to the user through the mailbox, and the user may log in the mailbox on a remote computer to view related data. The method can also be directly sent to a mobile terminal corresponding to the user, and the mobile terminal can be a computer, a mobile phone and the like. The transmission data can also be written into the SD card and then sent to the user's email box or user terminal via satellite. The invention determines the seawater sampling position according to the current position information before sampling and the current position information after sampling so as to improve the accuracy of determining the seawater sampling position. In addition, in the invention, only when transmission data is transmitted, the acquisition control circuit board 10 controls the power supply to supply electric energy to the iridium antenna 1, so that the iridium antenna 1 transmits the transmission data to a user or a user terminal, and when the transmission data is not transmitted, the power supply is stopped to supply electric energy to the iridium antenna 1, thereby saving the electric energy.
In the embodiment, the GPS antenna 2 and the iridium satellite antenna 1 are mounted on the upper end cover (i.e., the first end cover 3), and the iridium satellite antenna 1 protrudes 10cm from the upper end cover, so as to ensure accurate positioning of GPS positioning and an iridium satellite data receiving effect.
The running voltage of the device is 12V, the acquisition control circuit board 10 needs 12V, the main circulating pump 5 and the secondary circulating pump 20 need 12V, and the linear driver 19 needs 9V. The power supply battery provided by the invention adopts the lithium manganese battery with high capacity, large current output capability, small volume and high safety, the battery connection scheme adopts 4 batteries which are connected in series to form a group, the power supply voltage of each group is 12V, the power supply redundancy is considered, and then the actual capacity is 30Ah by adopting a mode of connecting 6 groups in parallel. The 12V voltage is changed into various voltages required by the system operation in the acquisition control circuit board 10. The microcontroller on the acquisition control circuit board 10 will save the power to the maximum extent by programming, enter sleep mode after each sampling, and consume the total current of the system to the minimum. During each sampling period, the acquisition control circuit board 10 controls the lithium battery 12 to supply power to the water temperature and salinity sensor 15, the main circulating pump 5, the secondary circulating pump 20, the linear driver 19, the high-torque motor, the photoelectric sensor, the GPS antenna 2 and the Iridium antenna 1.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: a linear driver 19; the linear driver 19 is connected with the acquisition control circuit board 10; the linear driver 19 is used for performing linear movement according to the movement instruction sent by the acquisition control circuit board 10 so as to replace the stainless steel filter in the micro plastic collection cluster 18. In this embodiment, after the seawater to be measured reaches the set volume, the linear driver 19 pushes the screw to move the micro plastic collection cluster 18 to the next empty stainless steel filter, and prepare to receive the next micro plastic particle sample. By the method, only one stainless steel filter can pass through the seawater to be detected in each sampling, and when 25 stainless steel filters are completely collected, the task is completed.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: at least 2 studs 11 and 4 partition plates 4, wherein the 4 partition plates are respectively a first partition plate, a second partition plate, a third partition plate and a fourth partition plate; the stud 11 penetrates through the first partition plate, the second partition plate, the third partition plate and the fourth partition plate to be connected with the first end cover 3 and the second end cover 13 respectively, and the stud 11 is used for supporting the first end cover 3 and the second end cover 13; the secondary circulation pump 20 is arranged on the first partition, the main circulation pump 5 is arranged on the second partition, the linear driver 19 is arranged on the third partition, and the micro-plastic collection cluster 18 and the collection control plate are arranged on the fourth partition.
In fig. 1, 4 studs 11 are arranged in the shell 22, the studs 11 are stainless steel long studs with the diameter of 5mm, and the inner space of the device is divided into different chambers by the 4 studs 11 and 4 partition plates 4, so that each component is installed on each stud 11 or each partition plate 4. In addition, the 4 partition plates 4 in this embodiment are all PVC plates.
As an alternative embodiment, the photoelectric sensor of the present invention comprises a laser transmitter 8 and a receiver 7; the laser transmitter 8 and the receiver 7 are respectively arranged on two sides of the silica gel plastic hose 6 between the main circulating pump 5 and the main water outlet 16; the laser transmitter 8 and the receiver 7 are respectively connected with the acquisition control circuit board 10; the laser transmitter 8 is used for transmitting laser according to the instruction of the acquisition control circuit board 10; the receiver 7 is configured to receive the laser, and send a pulse to the acquisition control circuit board 10 when the laser is not received. In this embodiment, the laser transmitter 8 and the receiver 7 are respectively selected to be a 200khz/5mW red laser transmitter and an optical detector.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: cleaning the injector 9; the cleaning injector 9 is arranged on the fourth clapboard; the acquisition control circuit board 10 pushes a push rod of the cleaning injector 9 to inject disinfectant into each pipeline through a control motor, and after standing for 10min, the main circulating pump 5 is started to discharge the disinfectant, and each pipeline inside the cleaning injector is cleaned. In this example, the syringe has a capacity of 50ml, 2ml is used for each sample, and the motor is a high torque motor. After each sampling, a small amount of cleaning agent is injected into each pipeline for cleaning, and because biological adhesion pollution in the pipeline creates resistance to the flow of seawater, micro plastic particles enter the instrument and pollute an optical system, the pipeline is very necessary to be cleaned by the cleaning agent.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: a first three-way pipe and a second three-way pipe; the first three-way pipe and the second three-way pipe are both arranged inside the shell 22, a main water inlet 14 penetrates through the second end cover 13 to be connected with a first end of the first three-way pipe, a second end of the first three-way pipe is connected with a water inlet of the main circulating pump 5, a third end of the first three-way pipe is connected with one end of the micro plastic collecting cluster 18, a water outlet of the secondary circulating pump 20 is connected with a first end of the second three-way pipe, a second end of the second three-way pipe is connected with a water outlet of the main circulating pump 5, and a third end of the second three-way pipe penetrates through the second end cover 13 to be connected with a main water outlet 16.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: the balance weight 17 and the filter screen are arranged, the balance weight 17 is arranged on the stud 11, and the filter screen is arranged at the main water inlet 14; due to the ballasting effect of the counterweight 17, the entire installation floats on the surface of the sea, the waterline is about 30cm from the calm surface, and the total intake 14 is located on the lower end cap (i.e. the second end cap 13). In addition, if no particles are detected, the main circulation pump 5 will constantly draw in and discharge seawater, and in order to prevent large foreign bodies and marine organisms from being sucked in, the main circulation pump 5 is blocked, so that a filter screen of 279um is provided at the total water inlet 14 to filter the foreign bodies.
As an optional implementation, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises: an O-shaped sealing ring; the O-rings are used to seal the first and second end caps 3 and 13 and the two ends of the housing 22, so as to improve the sealing performance between the first and second end caps 3 and 13 and the housing 22.
As an alternative embodiment, the micro-plastic collection cluster 18 of the present invention comprises: the number of the stainless steel filters is set, and only one stainless steel filter is used for filtering the seawater to be measured in each sampling. Specifically, in this embodiment, the micro plastic collection cluster 18 is made of PVC pipe, and 25 stainless steel filters of 500um are disposed therein.
The invention selects a C8051F microcontroller platform as the acquisition control circuit board 10, the programming language adopts C language and assembly language mixed programming and is used for programming various modules of software, and Keil IDE software is used for compiling and downloading control software.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, the invention also discloses a method for measuring the concentration of the expendable marine micro plastic on site, which omits an execution main body of an acquisition control circuit board in the following steps, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: waiting for the reception of the sampled signal.
Step S2: and recording the current position information before sampling.
And step S3: and controlling to open the main circulating pump according to the sampling signal so as to enable the seawater to be detected to flow through the main circulating pump.
And step S4: judging whether the filtered seawater to be detected reaches a set capacity; if the sampling capacity reaches the set capacity, closing the main circulating pump, recording the current position information and the number of the micro plastic particles after sampling, calculating the concentration of the micro plastic particles according to the number of the micro plastic particles and the set capacity, and determining the sampling position of the seawater according to the current position information before sampling and the current position information after sampling; if the set capacity is not reached, "step S5" is executed.
Step S5: judging whether plastic particles are detected or not; if plastic particles are detected, controlling to open the secondary circulating pump, closing the main circulating pump, driving the seawater to be detected containing the plastic particles into a micro-plastic collecting cluster for micro-plastic collection, recording the current collecting time, after waiting for a period of time, controlling to open the main circulating pump, closing the secondary circulating pump, and executing the step S6; if there are no plastic particles, the process returns to step S4.
Step S6: judging whether the sampling task is finished or not; if the sampling task is finished, the computer is shut down; if the sampling task is not completed, the reception of the sampling signal is waited and the process returns to step S3.
Further, before step S6, the method further includes:
step S7: controlling a linear driver to move linearly, and replacing the stainless steel filter in the micro plastic collection cluster;
step S8: and a push rod of the cleaning injector is pushed by a control motor to inject disinfectant, so that each pipeline in the cleaning injector is cleaned.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An expendable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement device, the device comprising:
the device comprises a shell, a first end cover, a second end cover, a main circulating pump, a secondary circulating pump, a micro-plastic collection cluster, a photoelectric sensor and an acquisition control circuit board;
the main circulating pump, the secondary circulating pump, the micro-plastic collection cluster, the photoelectric sensor and the collection control circuit board are all arranged inside the shell, the first end cover and the second end cover are respectively arranged at two ends of the shell, a total water inlet penetrates through the second end cover and is respectively connected with a water inlet of the main circulating pump and one end of the micro-plastic collection cluster, the other end of the micro-plastic collection cluster is connected with a water inlet of the secondary circulating pump, a water outlet of the main circulating pump and a water outlet of the secondary circulating pump both penetrate through the second end cover and are connected with a total water outlet through a silica gel plastic hose, the photoelectric sensor is correspondingly arranged at the silica gel plastic hose between the main circulating pump and the total water outlet, and the photoelectric sensor, the main circulating pump and the secondary circulating pump are all connected with the collection control circuit board;
the collection control circuit board obtains sampling signals of each sampling, and controls to open the main circulating pump and the photoelectric sensor according to the sampling signals, so that seawater to be detected enters the main circulating pump and the silica gel plastic hose through a main water inlet, the photoelectric sensor detects whether plastic particles pass through the silica gel plastic hose, and when the plastic particles do not pass through the silica gel plastic hose, the extracted seawater to be detected is discharged through a main water outlet; when the plastic particles pass through, photoelectric sensor can produce a pulse, and send to collection control circuit board works as after collection control circuit board gathers this pulse, collection control circuit board control is opened inferior circulating pump closes the main circulating pump makes the sea water that awaits measuring that contains the plastic particles driven the collection of micro-plastic is clustered and is carried out the micro-plastic and collect, and the sea water that awaits measuring after the filtration loops through inferior circulating pump and total delivery port discharge, records current acquisition time, waits for a period of time after, collection control circuit board control is opened main circulating pump closes inferior circulating pump repeats above-mentioned process, until the extraction sets for the sea water that awaits measuring of capacity, collection control circuit board records the micro-plastic granule figure to according to the micro-plastic granule figure and set for the capacity calculation micro-plastic granule concentration.
2. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 1, further comprising:
the GPS antenna is arranged on the first end cover, is connected with the acquisition control circuit board and is used for acquiring current position information before and after sampling by the device and sending the current position information before and after sampling to the acquisition control circuit board so that the acquisition control circuit board can determine a seawater sampling position according to the current position information before and after sampling;
the iridium antenna is arranged on the first end cover, connected with the acquisition control circuit board and used for sending at least one of the current acquisition time, the seawater sampling position, the number of the micro plastic particles and the concentration of the micro plastic particles to a user.
3. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 1, further comprising:
and the linear driver is connected with the acquisition control circuit board and used for performing linear movement according to the movement instruction sent by the acquisition control circuit board so as to replace the stainless steel filter in the micro-plastic collection cluster.
4. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 3, further comprising:
the device comprises at least 2 studs and 4 partition plates, wherein the 4 partition plates are respectively a first partition plate, a second partition plate, a third partition plate and a fourth partition plate; the stud penetrates through the first partition plate, the second partition plate, the third partition plate and the fourth partition plate and is connected with the first end cover and the second end cover respectively, and the stud is used for supporting the first end cover and the second end cover;
the secondary circulation pump is arranged on the first partition plate, the main circulation pump is arranged on the second partition plate, the linear driver is arranged on the third partition plate, and the micro-plastic collection cluster and the collection control plate are arranged on the fourth partition plate.
5. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 1, wherein the photoelectric sensor comprises a laser transmitter and receiver; the laser transmitter and the receiver are respectively arranged on two sides of the silica gel plastic hose between the main circulating pump and the main water outlet; the laser transmitter and the receiver are respectively connected with the acquisition control circuit board;
the laser transmitter is used for transmitting laser according to the instruction of the acquisition control circuit board;
the receiver is used for receiving the laser, and when the laser is not received, a pulse is sent to the acquisition control circuit board.
6. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 4, further comprising: a cleaning injector arranged on the fourth clapboard;
the acquisition control circuit board pushes a push rod of the cleaning injector to inject disinfectant through a control motor, and each pipeline in the cleaning injector is cleaned.
7. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first three-way pipe and a second three-way pipe; the first three-way pipe and the second three-way pipe are both arranged inside the shell, a main water inlet penetrates through the second end cover and is connected with the first end of the first three-way pipe, the second end of the first three-way pipe is connected with the water inlet of the main circulating pump, the third end of the first three-way pipe is connected with one end of the micro plastic collecting cluster, the water outlet of the secondary circulating pump is connected with the first end of the second three-way pipe, the second end of the second three-way pipe is connected with the water outlet of the main circulating pump, and the third end of the second three-way pipe penetrates through the second end cover and is connected with the main water outlet.
8. The on-site disposable marine micro-plastic concentration measurement device of claim 1, further comprising: the filter screen is arranged at the main water inlet and used for filtering sundries.
9. An expendable marine micro-plastic concentration field measurement method, comprising:
step S1: waiting for receiving a sampling signal;
step S2: recording current position information before sampling;
and step S3: controlling to open a main circulating pump according to the sampling signal so that the seawater to be detected flows through the main circulating pump;
and step S4: judging whether the filtered seawater to be detected reaches a set capacity; if the sampling capacity reaches the set capacity, closing the main circulating pump, recording the current position information and the number of the micro plastic particles after sampling, calculating the concentration of the micro plastic particles according to the number of the micro plastic particles and the set capacity, and determining the sampling position of the seawater according to the current position information before sampling and the current position information after sampling; if the set capacity is not reached, "step S5" is executed;
step S5: judging whether plastic particles are detected or not; if the plastic particles are detected, controlling to open the secondary circulating pump, closing the main circulating pump, driving the seawater containing the plastic particles to be detected into a micro-plastic collection cluster for micro-plastic collection, recording the current collection time, after waiting for a period of time, controlling to open the main circulating pump, closing the secondary circulating pump, and executing the step S6; if no plastic particles exist, returning to the step S4;
step S6: judging whether the sampling task is finished or not; if the sampling task is finished, the computer is shut down; if the sampling task is not completed, the reception of the sampling signal is waited and the process returns to step S3.
10. The method for on-site measurement of concentration of marine micro-plastic according to claim 9, further comprising, before step S6:
step S7: controlling a linear driver to move linearly, and replacing the stainless steel filter in the micro plastic collection cluster;
step S8: the disinfectant is injected by controlling the motor to push the push rod of the cleaning injector, and all the pipelines in the cleaning injector are cleaned.
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