CN113549853B - Processing technology of high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring - Google Patents
Processing technology of high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN113549853B CN113549853B CN202110863009.5A CN202110863009A CN113549853B CN 113549853 B CN113549853 B CN 113549853B CN 202110863009 A CN202110863009 A CN 202110863009A CN 113549853 B CN113549853 B CN 113549853B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
- B21F35/00—Making springs from wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
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Abstract
A processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring comprises the following steps: s1: winding a nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire; s2: stress relief annealing: putting the wound pressure spring into a furnace, heating to 610 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat, cooling to 380 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat, discharging and air cooling; s3: roughly grinding the double end faces; s4: setting treatment; s5: heat pressure treatment: pressing the compression spring to be in a parallel ring shape, placing the compression spring in a furnace at 490 +/-20 ℃ for heat preservation, discharging the compression spring from the furnace when the temperature of the compression spring is 140 +/-20 ℃ along with the cooling of the furnace, and unloading the compression spring to a free state after natural cooling; s6: and (5) finely grinding the double end faces. The invention adopts a high-temperature two-stage annealing process to eliminate the residual internal stress generated by the pressure spring during winding, so that the pressure spring has excellent mechanical properties, the anti-relaxation and anti-creep capabilities of the pressure spring are improved, and the stability of the shape and the size of the pressure spring is facilitated. The pressure spring manufactured by the invention has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, strong bearing capacity, low thermal attenuation rate and long service life, and is particularly suitable for marine climate environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of springs, in particular to a processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant pressure spring.
Background
The spring has wide application, and common carbon spring materials such as 70C, 65Mn and 72A have excellent comprehensive properties such as mechanical properties (particularly elastic limit, strength limit and yield ratio), elastic attenuation resistance, fatigue resistance and the like. Springs made of these materials typically require bluing, plating, or electrophoresis because of their non-rust resistance. However, in the case of marine climatic environments, the above surface treatment is no longer effective. The marine climate environment has the characteristics of high humidity and heat, high salt spray and high mould, and can cause the corrosion of the metal subjected to surface treatment in a static state. For the spring working dynamically, the elastic deformation can damage the anticorrosive coating on the surface of the spring body, accelerate the corrosion speed and further damage the original bearing characteristic of the spring.
Common stainless steel spring materials such as 304, 316 and 1Cr18Ni9 have good plasticity, cold deformability, weldability and small notch sensitivity, but are not suitable for media containing chlorine components such as seawater. The stainless steel materials have the tendency of intergranular corrosion under the marine climate environment, and are inferior to the commonly used carbon spring materials in the mechanical property, the elastic attenuation resistance and the fatigue resistance.
The precipitation strengthening nickel-based high-temperature alloy has good fatigue resistance, radiation resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance within the temperature range of-253 to 700 ℃, and is widely applied to the aerospace industry, the nuclear industry and the petroleum industry. Especially when facing the marine climate, the spring made of precipitation strengthened nickel-based superalloy has excellent corrosion resistance without additional surface treatment. However, the small-diameter steel wire made of precipitation-strengthened nickel-based superalloy is not ideal in mechanical properties, and a spring wound by using the steel wire has disadvantages in force value performance and bearing capacity.
In summary, the best spring material suitable for the marine climate environment is the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy, and how to overcome the defects of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy and realize the application of the alloy in the field of springs is the original intention and the core point of the invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the background art, the inventor of the invention finally discovers a novel processing technology through repeated comparison and exploration for nearly two years, the processing technology overcomes the defects of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy, and realizes the application of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy in the field of springs, so that the springs made of the precipitation strengthening nickel-based superalloy completely meet the force value performance and the bearing capacity required by drawings, have good corrosion resistance, and can work for a long time in a marine climate environment.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring comprises the following steps:
s1: winding a nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire;
s2: stress relief annealing: putting the wound pressure spring into a furnace, heating to 610 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to 380 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling;
s3: roughly grinding the double end faces;
s4: setting treatment;
s5: heat pressure treatment: pressing the compression spring to be in a parallel ring shape, placing the compression spring in a furnace at 490 +/-20 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours, cooling the compression spring to 140 +/-20 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the compression spring out of the furnace, naturally cooling the compression spring to the normal temperature, and unloading the compression spring to a free state;
s6: and (5) finely grinding the double end faces.
Further improves the technical scheme, the chemical components of the nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire are respectively as follows by mass percent: the nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Cr: 17.0 to 21.0%, Ni: 50.0 to 55.0%, Mo: 2.8-3.0%, Nb: 5-5.5%, AL: 0.3 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.75 to 1.15%, and the balance of Fe, a small amount of chemical components and impurity components.
Further improves the technical scheme, and a small amount of chemical components respectively comprise the following components in percentage by mass: si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, B: less than or equal to 0.006 percent, and the impurity components by mass percent are respectively: s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent and P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
The technical scheme is further improved, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is subjected to solution treatment before being wound.
The technical scheme is further improved, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire is subjected to solution treatment and then is subjected to adjustment treatment.
The technical scheme is further improved, and the nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire is subjected to aging treatment after being adjusted.
The technical scheme is further improved, and the setting treatment comprises quick pressing setting which is higher than the working speed of the pressure spring.
The technical scheme is further improved, and the setting treatment further comprises slow pressing setting for a plurality of times and fast pressing setting which is more than hundred times and is larger than the working condition speed of the pressure spring.
The technical scheme is further improved, after slow pressure setting and fast pressure setting, the pressure spring is pressed to a limit state, stands for more than 10 hours, and then is unloaded to a free state.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a high-temperature two-stage annealing process to change the gamma austenite structure and a small amount of delta phase of the original steel wire structure into a metastable phase of a tetragonal ordered structure of a body core composed of reinforcing phases such as a gamma matrix, gamma '(Ni 3 AL), gamma' (Ni 3 Nb), delta and Nbc. Through the treatment, the residual internal stress generated by the pressure spring during winding can be eliminated, so that the pressure spring has excellent mechanical property, the anti-relaxation and anti-creep capabilities of the pressure spring are improved, and the stability of the shape and the size of the pressure spring is facilitated.
2. The composite setting treatment of the invention can further eliminate the positive residual stress of the core of the pressure spring, and after the post-stabilization treatment, the negative residual stress is generated on the surface of the spring wire, thereby laying a good foundation for the post-thermal strong pressure treatment.
3. The heat pressure treatment of the invention adopts a heating and loading mode to generate more ideal surface negative residual stress, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the load capacity of the spring.
4. The pressure spring manufactured by the invention has the advantages of good corrosion resistance, strong bearing capacity, low thermal attenuation rate and long service life, and is particularly suitable for marine climate environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1: winding a nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire with the diameter of 1.8 mm;
the nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Cr: 17.0 to 21.0%, Ni: 50.0 to 55.0%, Mo: 2.8-3.0%, Nb: 5-5.5%, AL: 0.3 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.75 to 1.15%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, B: less than or equal to 0.006 percent, the rest part consists of Fe and impurities S less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and P less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and the steel wire has good anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance at high temperature.
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire is subjected to solution treatment before being wound. The solution treatment is a treatment mode of precipitation strengthening, and after the solution treatment, the stress generated in the early cold and hot processing of the nickel-based superalloy steel wire can be eliminated, so that the alloy is recrystallized. Secondly, the solution treatment can obtain proper grain size so as to ensure the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy.
S2: stress relief annealing: putting the wound pressure spring into a furnace, heating to 590 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, cooling to 400 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, discharging and air cooling;
for the conventional carbon spring material, no matter hot forming or cold forming, multiple tempering treatments are required, and the tempering temperature is generally 320-500 ℃. For the conventional stainless steel spring material, the stress relief annealing temperature is generally 350-475 ℃, the holding time is generally 20-60 minutes, and the operation is single-stage.
The invention adopts a high-temperature two-stage annealing process, combines high-temperature aging heat treatment with a stress relief annealing process, and changes the gamma austenite structure and a small amount of delta phase of the original structure of the steel wire into a metastable phase of a tetragonal ordered structure of a body core composed of reinforcing phases such as gamma matrix, gamma '(Ni 3 AL), gamma' (Ni 3 Nb), delta and Nbc. Through the treatment, the residual internal stress generated by the pressure spring during winding can be eliminated, so that the pressure spring has excellent mechanical property, the anti-relaxation and anti-creep capabilities of the pressure spring are improved, and the stability of the shape and the size of the pressure spring is facilitated.
S3: roughly grinding the double end faces;
s4: setting treatment;
the setting treatment of the invention is composite setting treatment, and also comprises 10 times of slow-pressing setting (not necessarily parallel winding) with the period of 1 minute and more than one hundred times of fast-pressing setting (not necessarily parallel winding) with the speed larger than the working speed of the pressure spring. After the slow pressure setting and the fast pressure setting, the pressure spring is pressed to a limit state, stands for more than 10 hours and then is unloaded to a free state. After the composite setting treatment, the positive residual stress of the core of the pressure spring can be further eliminated, and after the later-stage stabilization treatment, the negative residual stress is generated on the surface of the spring wire, so that a good foundation is laid for the later-stage hot forced compression treatment.
S5: heat pressure treatment: pressing the compression spring to be in a parallel ring shape, placing the compression spring in a furnace at 510 ℃ for heat preservation for 2h, then discharging the steel plate from the furnace along with the furnace cooling to 120 ℃, naturally cooling the steel plate to the normal temperature, and then unloading the steel plate to a free state;
the main failure mode of the pressure spring in the use process is fatigue fracture and stress relaxation, and the improvement of the fatigue fracture resistance and the stress relaxation resistance of the pressure spring can be solved through hot strong pressure treatment. The conventional pressure spring is pressed to a required height, then placed in a drying oven at 160 +/-10 ℃, kept for 16h at the temperature and pressure, discharged from the furnace and cooled in air, and then released to a free state.
The heat pressure treatment of the invention adopts a heating and loading mode to generate more ideal surface negative residual stress, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the load capacity of the spring. Compared with the existing hot forced pressing process, the invention only needs 2 hours of heat preservation time, thereby greatly improving the production efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of the heat treatment furnace.
S6: and (5) finely grinding the double end faces.
Example 2:
a processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring comprises the following steps:
s1: winding a nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire with the diameter of 3.5 mm;
different from the embodiment 1, the nickel-based superalloy steel wire is not only subjected to solution treatment but also subjected to adjustment treatment before being wound. The adjustment treatment can convert austenite into martensite, generate precipitation hardening, and improve the tensile strength and the yield strength of the nickel-based superalloy.
S2: stress relief annealing: putting the wound pressure spring into a furnace, heating to 630 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, then cooling to 360 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling;
s3: roughly grinding the double end faces;
s4: setting treatment;
s5: heat pressure treatment: pressing the compression springs to be in a parallel ring shape, placing the compression springs in a 470 ℃ furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling the compression springs to 160 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the compression springs, naturally cooling the compression springs to normal temperature, and unloading the compression springs to a free state;
s6: and (5) finely grinding the double end faces.
Example 3:
a processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant pressure spring comprises the following steps:
s1: winding a nickel-based high-temperature alloy steel wire with the diameter of 2.5 mm;
different from the embodiment 1, the nickel-based superalloy steel wire is not only subjected to solution treatment, but also to adjustment treatment and aging treatment before being wound. The adjustment treatment can convert austenite into martensite, generate precipitation hardening, and improve the tensile strength and the yield strength of the nickel-based superalloy. The stability of the pressure spring can be improved through aging treatment.
S2: stress relief annealing: putting the wound pressure spring into a furnace, heating to 610 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, then cooling to 380 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, discharging from the furnace, and air cooling;
s3: roughly grinding the double end faces;
s4: setting treatment;
s5: heat pressure treatment: pressing the compression spring to be in a parallel ring shape, placing the compression spring in a furnace at 490 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2h, cooling the compression spring to 140 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the compression spring out of the furnace, naturally cooling the compression spring to the normal temperature, and unloading the compression spring to a free state;
s6: and (5) finely grinding the double end faces.
The details of which are not described in the prior art. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A processing technology of a high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant pressure spring is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: winding a nickel-based high-temperature alloy wire, and carrying out solution treatment on the nickel-based high-temperature alloy wire before winding;
s2: stress relief annealing: putting the wound pressure spring into a furnace, heating to 610 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours, cooling to 380 +/-20 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, and then discharging from the furnace and air cooling;
s3: roughly grinding the double end faces;
s4: setting treatment: the method comprises the steps of 10 times of slow pressing setting and more than 100 times of fast pressing setting which is greater than the working speed of a pressure spring; after the setting treatment, pressing the compression spring to a limit state, standing for more than 10 hours, and unloading to a free state;
s5: heat pressure treatment: pressing the compression spring to be in a parallel ring shape, placing the compression spring in a furnace at 490 +/-20 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours, cooling the compression spring to 140 +/-20 ℃ along with the furnace, discharging the compression spring out of the furnace, naturally cooling the compression spring to the normal temperature, and unloading the compression spring to a free state;
s6: and (5) finely grinding the double end faces.
2. The processing technology of the high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant pressure spring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nickel-based high-temperature alloy wire comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: less than or equal to 0.08 percent, Cr: 17.0 to 21.0%, Ni: 50.0 to 55.0%, Mo: 2.8-3.0%, Nb: 5-5.5%, Al: 0.3 to 1.5%, Ti: 0.75 to 1.15%, Si: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 0.35 percent, Cu: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, B: less than or equal to 0.006 percent, and the balance of Fe and impurity components.
3. The processing technology of the high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant pressure spring as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the impurity components are respectively as follows by mass percent: s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent and P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144114A (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2008-03-19 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method capable of increasing high temperature loose resisting capability of high temperature alloy spring |
| CN103924178A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 | Preparation method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy Inconel718 spring wire |
| CN112658048A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-16 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Cold machining method of GH4169 high-temperature alloy wire for spring wire |
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- 2021-07-29 CN CN202110863009.5A patent/CN113549853B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101144114A (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2008-03-19 | 贵州红林机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method capable of increasing high temperature loose resisting capability of high temperature alloy spring |
| CN103924178A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 西安诺博尔稀贵金属材料有限公司 | Preparation method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy Inconel718 spring wire |
| CN112658048A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-16 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Cold machining method of GH4169 high-temperature alloy wire for spring wire |
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