CN113549799A - Environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000883 Ti6Al4V Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910015136 FeMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses an environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.07 percent of Zn, 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Mg, 3.6 to 4.4 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0.39 to 0.47 percent of Mn, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Ca, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Zr, 0.007 to 0.009 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows has high strength and good fracture toughness, and the manufacturing method can produce the aluminum alloy with high strength and good fracture toughness with low energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to an environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
China is the biggest world for producing, exporting and consuming aluminum extruded materials, the current situations of extensive type and low additional value of the aluminum processing industry are gradually changed along with the national industrial policy, industrial structure adjustment and the improvement of the product quality requirement of consumers, and the method crosses the primary development stage characterized by quantity increase and starts to enter a new stage which is characterized by improving the internal quality of products, enriching the product types and participating in market competition by means of comprehensive strength. With the development of the industry entering a new stage, the internal integration of the industry will be increased continuously in the future, and some enterprises with low-grade product positioning and backward production process and equipment technology will face pressure in various aspects of market, capital, cost, energy consumption, technology and the like and are gradually eliminated by the market. A part of enterprises with advanced management, advanced production process technology leading, over-hard quality, market-oriented, strong innovation capability and more market share can occupy. At present, the known aluminum profile cannot meet the market demand due to simple manufacturing formula, high cost and single performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide an environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows and a manufacturing method thereof, which can produce an aluminum alloy with high strength and good fracture toughness with low energy consumption.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.07 percent of Zn, 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Mg, 3.6 to 4.4 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0.39 to 0.47 percent of Mn, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Ca, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Zr, 0.007 to 0.009 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.43% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.09% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, 0.009% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows, which comprises the following steps:
the raw materials of the environment-friendly aluminum alloy with corresponding mass percentage are sequentially subjected to smelting casting, cold press molding, hot extrusion, two-stage solution treatment, water quenching and aging treatment to obtain the environment-friendly aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the smelting and casting comprises the following specific steps: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank.
Preferably, the cold press molding comprises the following specific steps: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank, keeping the cold isostatic pressing pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
Preferably, the hot extrusion comprises the following specific steps: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing primary extrusion by keeping the temperature of 500 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion by keeping the temperature of 550 ℃ for 30min, and performing two-stage solution treatment.
Preferably, the two-stage solution treatment process specifically comprises:
the first-stage solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode, the mixed salt is heated to 480-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
the second stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode, the mixed salt is heated to 510-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
Preferably, the component of the mixed salt comprises 30 mass percent of NaNO320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3。
Preferably, the water quenching comprises the following specific steps: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 5-10 s.
Preferably, the aging treatment comprises the following specific steps of a two-stage aging treatment process and a regression re-aging process:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, namely the temperature of the first stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the temperature of the second stage is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; the temperature of the third stage is 120 ℃, and the holding time is 3 h.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through the addition of Mn and Cr elements and double heating extrusion, a large amount of fine and compact alpha-Al (MnCr) Si dispersed phases can be formed in the alloy after the hot extrusion process, uniform nucleation positions are provided for the precipitation of the dispersed phases along with the rise of the hot extrusion temperature, the uniform distribution of the dispersed phases in a matrix is promoted, and meanwhile, the addition of V elements can promote the generation of dendritic crystals of alpha-Al dendritic crystals, and further refining effect is achieved on the grain size of the aluminum alloy.
When the alloy is subjected to solution aging, part of Mn elements in the alloy are uniformly distributed in the alpha-Al in the matrix8(FeMn)2The Si dispersed phase exists in the form of pinning dislocation and grain boundary migration, inhibits the static recrystallization behavior of the wrought alloy in the solid solution and aging processes, and further influences the nucleation and growth of recrystallization, so that grains are obviously refined, and the strength and performance of the alloy are greatly improved.
Meanwhile, with the increase of the solid solution temperature and the increase of the solid solution time, the precipitated phase is close to complete solid solution at the temperature of 530 ℃/4h within 510-.
The aging treatment comprises two-stage aging treatment and regression and reaging, wherein the first stage of the two-stage aging treatment is a nucleation stage, and a large amount of dispersed GP zones are formed in a crystal; the second stage is that the GP zone is converted to eta' phase and forms eta stable phase; and in the regression and re-aging stage, coherent or semi-coherent precipitated phases in the crystal are promoted to be re-dissolved into the matrix, and the precipitated phases are discontinuously distributed in the crystal boundary, so that the tensile strength and the comprehensive performance of the alloy are improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the raw materials and equipment of the invention can be obtained from the market and are not listed.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.43% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.09% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, 0.009% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The process of producing environment friendly aluminum alloy for door and window includes the following steps:
s1: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank. The raw material adopts an intermediate alloy raw material, a monomer raw material or a combination of the intermediate alloy raw material and the monomer raw material, the intermediate alloy raw material can contain Ti-6Al-4V intermediate alloy, and the monomer raw material can adopt silicon powder, metal ingots with other components, metal powder with other components, metal particles with other components and the like.
S2: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank by adopting warm compaction equipment (HJS 32-100 type four-column extruder), keeping the cold isostatic pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
S3: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing extrusion at an extrusion ratio of 35.3 under 2500KN on a HJS32-100 type four-column extruder, performing primary extrusion at 500 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion at 550 ℃ for 30min, and immediately performing two-stage solution treatment.
S4: two-stage solution treatment process:
the first stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 500 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
the second stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 530 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 4 h.
S5: water quenching: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 10 s.
S6: the two-stage aging treatment process and the regression re-aging process are as follows:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, namely the temperature of the first stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the temperature of the second stage is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; the temperature of the third stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; and obtaining the environment-friendly aluminum alloy.
Example two:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05% of Zn, 1.2% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.39% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.3% of Fe, 0.08% of Ca, 0.01% of Ti, 0.01% of Zr, 0.007% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The process of producing environment friendly aluminum alloy for door and window includes the following steps:
s1: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank. The raw material adopts an intermediate alloy raw material, a monomer raw material or a combination of the intermediate alloy raw material and the monomer raw material, the intermediate alloy raw material can contain Ti-6Al-4V intermediate alloy, and the monomer raw material can adopt silicon powder, metal ingots with other components, metal powder with other components, metal particles with other components and the like.
S2: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank by adopting warm compaction equipment (HJS 32-100 type four-column extruder), keeping the cold isostatic pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
S3: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing extrusion at an extrusion ratio of 35.3 under 2500KN on a HJS32-100 type four-column extruder, performing primary extrusion at 500 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion at 550 ℃ for 30min, and immediately performing two-stage solution treatment.
S4: two-stage solution treatment process:
the first stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And a mass fraction of 50% KNO3) Heating to 480 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
the second stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 510 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 4 h.
S5: water quenching: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 5 s.
S6: the two-stage aging treatment process and the regression re-aging process are as follows:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, namely the temperature of the first stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the temperature of the second stage is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; the temperature of the third stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; and obtaining the environment-friendly aluminum alloy.
Example three:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.07% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 4.4% of Cu, 0.25% of Cr, 0.47% of Mn, 0.6% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.12% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, 0.009% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The process of producing environment friendly aluminum alloy for door and window includes the following steps:
s1: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank. The raw material adopts an intermediate alloy raw material, a monomer raw material or a combination of the intermediate alloy raw material and the monomer raw material, the intermediate alloy raw material can contain Ti-6Al-4V intermediate alloy, and the monomer raw material can adopt silicon powder, metal ingots with other components, metal powder with other components, metal particles with other components and the like.
S2: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank by adopting warm compaction equipment (HJS 32-100 type four-column extruder), keeping the cold isostatic pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
S3: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing extrusion at an extrusion ratio of 35.3 under 2500KN on a HJS32-100 type four-column extruder, performing primary extrusion at 500 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion at 550 ℃ for 30min, and immediately performing two-stage solution treatment.
S4: two-stage solution treatment process:
the first stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 480 ℃ and 500 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 h;
the second stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 510 ℃ and 530 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 4 h.
S5: water quenching: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 5-10 s.
S6: the two-stage aging treatment process and the regression re-aging process are as follows:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, namely the temperature of the first stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the temperature of the second stage is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; the temperature of the third stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours; and obtaining the environment-friendly aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 1:
the comparative example 1 has substantially the same component quality and manufacturing method as example 1, except that a two-stage solution treatment process is not adopted, specifically:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.43% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.09% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, 0.009% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The process of producing environment friendly aluminum alloy for door and window includes the following steps:
s1: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage content into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank.
S2: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank by adopting warm compaction equipment (HJS 32-100 type four-column extruder), keeping the cold isostatic pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
S3: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing primary extrusion by using a HJS32-100 type four-column extruder under the extrusion ratio of 35.3 under the condition of 2500KN, preserving heat at 500 ℃ for 30min, preserving heat at 550 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion, and immediately performing solution treatment.
S4: the solution treatment process comprises the following steps:
adopting a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 500 deg.C, and maintaining for 6 h.
S5: water quenching: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 10 s.
S6: the two-stage aging treatment process and the regression re-aging process are as follows:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, and the environment-friendly aluminum alloy is obtained.
Comparative example 2:
the comparative example 2 has basically the same component quality and manufacturing method as the example 1, except that a two-stage solution treatment process, a two-stage aging treatment process and a regression re-aging process are not adopted, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.43% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.09% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, 0.009% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The process of producing environment friendly aluminum alloy for door and window includes the following steps:
s1: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank.
S2: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank by adopting warm compaction equipment (HJS 32-100 type four-column extruder), keeping the cold isostatic pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
S3: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing primary extrusion by using a HJS32-100 type four-column extruder under the extrusion ratio of 35.3 under the condition of 2500KN, preserving heat at 500 ℃ for 30min, preserving heat at 550 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion, and immediately performing solution treatment.
S4: the solution treatment process comprises the following steps:
adopting a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 500 deg.C, and maintaining for 6 h.
S5: water quenching: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 10 s.
S6: and (3) carrying out aging treatment within 48 hours after water quenching, wherein the temperature of the aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 25 hours, thus obtaining the environment-friendly aluminum alloy.
Comparative example 3:
comparative example 3 is substantially the same in component quality and manufacturing method as example 1, except that the component V is not added, specifically:
the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.43% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.09% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
The process of producing environment friendly aluminum alloy for door and window includes the following steps:
s1: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank.
S2: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank by adopting warm compaction equipment (HJS 32-100 type four-column extruder), keeping the cold isostatic pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
S3: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing extrusion at an extrusion ratio of 35.3 under 2500KN on a HJS32-100 type four-column extruder, performing primary extrusion at 500 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion at 550 ℃ for 30min, and immediately performing two-stage solution treatment.
S4: two-stage solution treatment process:
the first stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 500 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours;
the second stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode to mix salt (NaNO with the mass fraction of 30 percent)320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3) Heating to 530 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 4 h.
S5: water quenching: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 10 s.
S6: the two-stage aging treatment process and the regression re-aging process are as follows:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, and the environment-friendly aluminum alloy is obtained.
The samples of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to tests for hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
And (3) hardness testing: the aluminum alloy samples obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were cut into square samples of 10mm × 10mm × 5mm, and the square samples were polished with coarse and fine sandpaper until 1500# metallographic sandpaper was obtained, polished with a diamond polishing agent, and cleaned and dried for use. The hardness testing equipment is a microhardness tester HV-1000 type.
Yield strength, tensile strength and elongation test: the method comprises the steps of designing the size of a room-temperature tensile sample according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010, testing the tensile property on an INSPEK-Table 100 type electronic universal tensile testing machine, accurately measuring the actual size data of each sample before the tensile test, automatically collecting tensile test data by adopting the tensile rate of 3mm/min, and measuring the yield strength, the tensile strength and the elongation of the alloy.
As can be seen from the above table, the hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of examples 1-3 are all improved compared with comparative examples 1-2, which shows that the two-stage solution treatment process, the two-stage aging treatment process and the regression re-aging process of the invention greatly improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. The hardness, yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the examples 1-3 are all improved compared with the comparative example 3, which shows that the mechanical property of the alloy is also greatly improved by adding the V trace element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 0.05 to 0.07 percent of Zn, 1.2 to 1.6 percent of Mg, 3.6 to 4.4 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.25 percent of Cr, 0.39 to 0.47 percent of Mn, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Si, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of Fe, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of Ca, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Ti, 0.01 to 0.04 percent of Zr, 0.007 to 0.009 percent of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.06% of Zn, 1.6% of Mg, 3.6% of Cu, 0.2% of Cr, 0.43% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.4% of Fe, 0.09% of Ca, 0.04% of Ti, 0.04% of Zr, 0.009% of V, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
3. The method for manufacturing an environmentally friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the raw materials of the environment-friendly aluminum alloy with corresponding mass percentage are sequentially subjected to smelting casting, cold press molding, hot extrusion, two-stage solution treatment, water quenching and aging treatment to obtain the environment-friendly aluminum alloy.
4. The method for manufacturing the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows as claimed in claim 3, wherein the smelting and casting comprises the following specific steps: heating the box furnace to 500 ℃, putting the raw materials with the corresponding mass percentage into the box furnace with the temperature of 500 ℃, stirring and heating for 30min, standing and preserving heat for 3h, removing slag and casting into an aluminum alloy blank.
5. The method for manufacturing the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cold press molding comprises the following specific steps: and (3) carrying out cold isostatic pressing treatment on the aluminum alloy blank, keeping the cold isostatic pressing pressure at not less than 70MPa for 60s, and obtaining the cold-pressed blank.
6. The method for manufacturing an environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows according to claim 5, wherein the hot extrusion comprises the following specific steps: heating the cold-pressed blank, performing primary extrusion by keeping the temperature of 500 ℃ for 30min, performing secondary extrusion by keeping the temperature of 550 ℃ for 30min, and performing two-stage solution treatment.
7. The method for manufacturing the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows as claimed in claim 6, wherein the two-stage solution treatment process comprises:
the first-stage solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode, the mixed salt is heated to 480-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
the second stage of solution treatment adopts a salt bath heating mode, the mixed salt is heated to 510-530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the mixed salt comprises NaNO in an amount of 30 wt%320 percent of NaNO by mass fraction2And KNO with the mass fraction of 50%3。
9. The method for manufacturing an environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the water quenching comprises the following specific steps: the temperature is 25 ℃, and the water quenching time is 5-10 s.
10. The method for manufacturing the environment-friendly aluminum alloy for doors and windows as claimed in claim 9, wherein the aging treatment comprises the following specific steps:
performing two-stage aging treatment and regression re-aging process within 48 hours after water quenching;
the two-stage aging treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/6h +140 ℃/12h, namely the temperature of the primary aging treatment is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6 h; the temperature of the secondary aging treatment is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 h;
the regression re-aging process specifically comprises the following steps: 120 ℃/3h +140 ℃/1h +120 ℃/3h, namely the temperature of the first stage is 120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 h; the temperature of the second stage is 140 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; the temperature of the third stage is 120 ℃, and the holding time is 3 h.
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