CN113549741A - Method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization - Google Patents
Method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization Download PDFInfo
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- CN113549741A CN113549741A CN202110876684.1A CN202110876684A CN113549741A CN 113549741 A CN113549741 A CN 113549741A CN 202110876684 A CN202110876684 A CN 202110876684A CN 113549741 A CN113549741 A CN 113549741A
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- carbon ferrochrome
- oxidizing gas
- vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
- C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
- C21D3/04—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C35/00—Master alloys for iron or steel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization, which comprises the following specific process steps of firstly, grinding high-carbon ferrochrome into powder by a ball mill, wherein the particle size of the ground powder is 10-200 meshes, adding an adhesive, then pressing into balls to form balls with the size of 20-50mm, drying at the temperature of 200 ℃, putting the dried high-carbon ferrochrome balls into a crucible, filling magnesia or alumina powder into a gap between the crucible and a ceramic tube, vacuumizing, then electrically heating, measuring the material temperature by an infrared thermometer, detecting the gas at an exhaust port, monitoring the material condition in real time, and finally injecting into an ingot mold for solidification and molding. The method for preparing the low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidative gas decarburization comprises the steps of taking high-carbon ferrochrome as a raw material, obtaining high temperature by induction heating, removing carbon in the raw material by solid-state reaction by taking the oxidative gas as an oxidant under a vacuum condition, improving heating power after decarburization is finished, melting materials, casting an ingot after slag-liquid separation, and cooling and crushing to obtain the high-quality low-carbon ferrochrome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization.
Background
The low-carbon ferrochrome is an important metallurgical raw material, is used as a source of metal chromium element, and is widely used for smelting high-end metal materials such as stainless steel, heat-resistant steel, high-temperature alloy and the like. The prior production process of low-carbon ferrochrome mainly comprises an electro-silicothermic method and a vacuum solid decarburization method, wherein the electro-silicothermic method is to reduce chromium and iron by taking silicon as a reducing agent through reacting a silicon-chromium alloy and chromite in a liquid state. The vacuum solid decarburization method is to use high-carbon ferrochrome as a raw material and perform decarburization through an oxidant under a vacuum condition, wherein the commonly adopted oxidant is obtained by roasting the high-carbon ferrochrome, in order to improve the reaction speed, the raw material must be ground into fine powder and then uniformly mixed, and after decarburization, the raw material is smelted to remove impurities and cast ingots are crushed. The method can obtain the micro-carbon ferrochrome with low carbon content, but has the defects of complex process, low efficiency and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidative gas decarburization based on a vacuum carbothermic reaction principle.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization, wherein equipment in the area can obtain high temperature by induction heating, oxidizing gas is used as an oxidant under the vacuum condition, carbon in raw materials is removed by solid-state reaction, heating power is improved after decarburization is finished, materials are melted, casting ingot casting is carried out after slag-liquid separation, and then high-quality low-carbon ferrochrome is obtained by cooling and crushing.
(II) technical scheme
4. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization comprises the following specific process steps:
s1, grinding the high-carbon ferrochrome into powder by a ball mill, wherein the granularity of the ground powder is 10-200 meshes, adding an adhesive, pressing the powder into balls with the size of 20-50mm, and drying the balls at the temperature of 200 ℃;
s2, filling the dried high-carbon ferrochrome balls into a crucible, filling a gap between the crucible and the ceramic tube with magnesia or alumina powder, vacuumizing, and then sending electricity for heating;
s3, measuring the temperature of the material by an infrared thermometer, preserving the temperature when the temperature reaches 1300 ℃, introducing oxidizing gas from the bottom of the crucible, keeping the pressure in the furnace at 100 and 500Pa, and maintaining the reaction for 5-8 hours;
s4, stopping introducing oxidizing gas after no CO is discharged through gas detection of the gas outlet, increasing heating power after introducing inert gas, and injecting materials from the bottom of the crucible into an ingot mold for solidification and molding after melting;
and S5, opening the tube furnace after cooling, taking out the cast ingot, crushing, inspecting and warehousing.
Preferably, the oxidizing gases are carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Preferably, the high carbon ferrochrome has an interior of 56 wt% Cr, 7.8 wt% C and 33 wt% Fe.
Preferably, the binder is water glass.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the principle of the method for preparing the low-carbon ferrochrome by the vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization is similar to that of a solid vacuum decarburization technology, but the processes of roasting oxides and mixing powder are avoided, and the energy consumption is reduced.
(2) According to the method for preparing the low-carbon ferrochrome by the vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization, the raw materials are decarburized in the flowing oxidizing atmosphere, the decarburization speed is accelerated, and the non-uniformity of the reaction is avoided.
(3) According to the method for preparing the low-carbon ferrochrome by the vacuum oxidative gas decarburization, the solid decarburization and the smelting are completed under the vacuum condition, so that the influence of nitrogen and oxygen in the atmosphere on the alloy components is avoided.
(4) The method for preparing the low-carbon ferrochrome by the vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization has the advantages of simple equipment, small investment, low operation cost and environmental friendliness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum decarburization of oxidizing gas according to the invention.
In the figure: 1. a vacuum tube furnace; 2. a crucible; 3. charging materials; 4. an induction coil; 5. and (5) casting an ingot mould.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization comprises the following specific process steps:
s1, grinding the high-carbon ferrochrome into powder by a ball mill, wherein the granularity of the ground powder is 10-200 meshes, adding an adhesive, pressing the powder into balls with the size of 20-50mm, and drying the balls at the temperature of 200 ℃;
s2, filling the dried high-carbon ferrochrome balls into a crucible, filling a gap between the crucible and the ceramic tube with magnesia or alumina powder, vacuumizing, and then sending electricity for heating;
s3, measuring the temperature of the material by an infrared thermometer, preserving the temperature when the temperature reaches 1300 ℃, introducing oxidizing gas from the bottom of the crucible, keeping the pressure in the furnace at 100 and 500Pa, and maintaining the reaction for 5-8 hours;
s4, stopping introducing oxidizing gas after no CO is discharged through gas detection of the gas outlet, increasing heating power after introducing inert gas, and injecting materials from the bottom of the crucible into an ingot mold for solidification and molding after melting;
and S5, opening the tube furnace after cooling, taking out the cast ingot, crushing, inspecting and warehousing.
The oxidizing gas is carbon dioxide and oxygen.
The high carbon ferrochrome has an interior of 56 wt% Cr, 7.8 wt% C and 33 wt% Fe.
The adhesive is water glass.
Example one: a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization comprises the following specific process steps:
s1, crushing the high-carbon ferrochromium, grinding the crushed high-carbon ferrochromium to 50 meshes of average particle size by using a ball mill, adding a small amount of water glass, uniformly mixing, sending the mixture to a ball press to press the mixture into small balls with the diameter of about 20mm, and drying the small balls for 1 hour at the temperature of 200 ℃;
s2, weighing 200kg, loading into a crucible, filling a gap between the crucible and the ceramic tube with magnesia or alumina powder, vacuumizing, and heating by electrifying;
s3, measuring the temperature of the material by an infrared thermometer, preserving the heat when the temperature of the material reaches 1300 ℃, then introducing oxygen from the bottom of the crucible at a speed of 50L/min, maintaining the pressure of 200Pa, and maintaining the reaction for 5 hours;
s4, measuring the CO concentration in the exhaust port after 5 hours, determining that decarburization is finished when the concentration is less than 100ppm, then closing oxygen, introducing argon and improving heating power;
s5, after the materials are melted, injecting the materials into an ingot casting mold from a small hole at the bottom, opening a tube furnace after cooling, taking out the ingot casting, and measuring the components after crushing as follows: cr: 60.5 wt%, C: 0.2 wt% to meet the product quality requirement.
Example two: a method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization comprises the following specific process steps:
s1, crushing the high-carbon ferrochromium, grinding the crushed high-carbon ferrochromium to 50 meshes of average particle size by using a ball mill, adding a small amount of water glass, uniformly mixing, sending the mixture to a ball press to press the mixture into small balls with the diameter of about 20mm, and drying the small balls for 1 hour at the temperature of 200 ℃;
s2, weighing 200kg, loading into a crucible, filling a gap between the crucible and the ceramic tube with magnesia or alumina powder, vacuumizing, and heating by electrifying;
s3, measuring the temperature of the material by an infrared thermometer, preserving the heat when the temperature of the material reaches 1300 ℃, and then introducing CO from the bottom of the crucible at a speed of 100L/min2Maintaining the pressure at 400Pa and the reaction for 5 hours;
measuring the CO concentration in the exhaust port after 5 hours of S4, and determining that the CO concentration is less than 100ppmAfter the decarburization is completed, CO is turned off2Argon is introduced to improve the heating power;
s5, after the materials are melted, injecting the materials into an ingot casting mold from a small hole at the bottom, opening a tube furnace after cooling, taking out the ingot casting, and measuring the components after crushing as follows: cr: 60.5 wt%, C: 0.2 wt% to meet the product quality requirement.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation. The use of the phrase "comprising one of the elements does not exclude the presence of other like elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization is characterized by comprising the following specific process steps:
s1, grinding the high-carbon ferrochrome into powder by a ball mill, wherein the granularity of the ground powder is 10-200 meshes, adding an adhesive, pressing the powder into balls with the size of 20-50mm, and drying the balls at the temperature of 200 ℃;
s2, filling the dried high-carbon ferrochrome balls into a crucible, filling a gap between the crucible and the ceramic tube with magnesia or alumina powder, vacuumizing, and then sending electricity for heating;
s3, measuring the temperature of the material by an infrared thermometer, preserving the temperature when the temperature reaches 1300 ℃, introducing oxidizing gas from the bottom of the crucible, keeping the pressure in the furnace at 100 and 500Pa, and maintaining the reaction for 5-8 hours;
s4, stopping introducing oxidizing gas after no CO is discharged through gas detection of the gas outlet, increasing heating power after introducing inert gas, and injecting materials from the bottom of the crucible into an ingot mold for solidification and molding after melting;
and S5, opening the tube furnace after cooling, taking out the cast ingot, crushing, inspecting and warehousing.
2. The method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome through vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization according to claim 1, wherein: the oxidizing gas is carbon dioxide and oxygen.
3. The method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome through vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization according to claim 1, wherein: the high carbon ferrochrome has the interior of 56 wt% of Cr, 7.8 wt% of C and 33 wt% of Fe.
4. The method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome through vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization according to claim 1, wherein: the adhesive is water glass.
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| CN202110876684.1A CN113549741A (en) | 2021-07-31 | 2021-07-31 | Method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization |
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| CN202110876684.1A CN113549741A (en) | 2021-07-31 | 2021-07-31 | Method for preparing low-carbon ferrochrome by vacuum oxidizing gas decarburization |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0583164A1 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-02-16 | Mintek | The production of stainless steel |
| WO2001086006A2 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-15 | Ranjan Sen | Improved process for the production of stainless steels and high chromium steels and stainless steelproduced thereby |
| CN102703793A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-10-03 | 西峡县中嘉合金材料有限公司 | Production method of low-carbon nitrided ferrochrome |
| CN104294002A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-21 | 北京科技大学 | Method for smelting medium- and low-carbon ferrochromium by introducing one-step method of carbon dioxide converter |
| CN106756380A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏大学 | A kind of rotary hearth furnace makes the method that high carbon ferro-chrome solid state decarbonization produces low-carbon ferrochromium |
-
2021
- 2021-07-31 CN CN202110876684.1A patent/CN113549741A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0583164A1 (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1994-02-16 | Mintek | The production of stainless steel |
| WO2001086006A2 (en) * | 2000-05-10 | 2001-11-15 | Ranjan Sen | Improved process for the production of stainless steels and high chromium steels and stainless steelproduced thereby |
| CN102703793A (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2012-10-03 | 西峡县中嘉合金材料有限公司 | Production method of low-carbon nitrided ferrochrome |
| CN104294002A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-21 | 北京科技大学 | Method for smelting medium- and low-carbon ferrochromium by introducing one-step method of carbon dioxide converter |
| CN106756380A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏大学 | A kind of rotary hearth furnace makes the method that high carbon ferro-chrome solid state decarbonization produces low-carbon ferrochromium |
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Application publication date: 20211026 |