CN113538679A - Mixed real-scene three-dimensional channel scene construction method - Google Patents
Mixed real-scene three-dimensional channel scene construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene construction method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring land elevation data of a channel area in a grid form; step 2, acquiring channel underwater water depth data in a grid form; step 3, constructing an overwater and underwater integrated terrain model according to the land elevation data and the channel underwater depth data of the channel region in the grid form obtained in the step; step 4, obtaining a land utilization type and carrying out topographic map pasting; step 5, constructing a water surface effect of a water body; step 6, constructing a land three-dimensional landscape model; step 7, simulating a ship running on the water surface; and 8, simulating the environmental meteorological information. According to the method, a mixed real-scene three-dimensional channel management platform in a desktop end form or a webpage form can be constructed on computing equipment such as a personal computer, a smart phone and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of three-dimensional geographic information systems, and particularly relates to a mixed real-scene three-dimensional channel scene construction method.
Background
According to the digital traffic development planning compendium of the department of transportation, the digital management of the channel network can obviously improve the cross-service, cross-region and cross-space collaborative management capacity of the channel network, obviously improve the channel information service quality, the convenience degree and the public perception, obviously enhance the support capacity of big data to channel development decision, accelerate scientific and technological enabling and data enabling and promote the deep fusion of the channel service of the modern information technology.
As early as 1994, the American International Beacon convention proposed a modernized management scheme for the navigation mark information, and established an automatic navigation mark information management system by using the technologies of computer, communication, positioning and the like. Then, european countries are leading to research on this, and develop various channel management systems to manage and visualize the navigation mark information, ship navigation dynamic information, traffic management information, weather information, wharf information, and the like. Under the support of GIS technology, various channel management systems are combined with geographic information and developed and perfected to form channel digital management measures.
The current mainstream channel digital management measures generally depend on a two-dimensional geographic information system, and the specific implementation is to take a basic map, a channel map, a satellite remote sensing image and the like of a channel area as a base map, and superimpose ship point positions on the base map according to AIS signals to form a two-dimensional electronic channel map or a channel digital management system. The navigation channel is managed based on the system, although the ships running in the navigation channel can be browsed, and functions such as basic information inquiry, ship tracking and the like can be realized, the system still has many defects in the aspect of information feedback, so that personnel using the system cannot conveniently and intuitively perceive the information in the navigation channel, and the implementation conditions of the ships and surrounding scenes cannot be expressed in all directions.
In the navigation section with complex water area, the routes are staggered with each other, the ships frequently come and go, and the conditions that the ships scrape from the bottom of the navigation channel, the ships mutually collide and scrape, and the ships collide with the navigation mark and the bridge on the navigation channel can occur. However, these phenomena cannot be directly expressed in the conventional two-dimensional electronic channel map, and it is inconvenient for the relevant personnel of the channel management department to intuitively understand and perceive the event. Therefore, a new solution is needed to express the water areas, ships and peripheral related auxiliary facilities in more detail, so as to provide better management for the relevant personnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene construction method, which can be used for constructing a desktop-end or webpage-form live-action and simulation mixed three-dimensional digital channel management platform on computing equipment such as a personal computer, a smart phone and the like.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for constructing a mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene, including the following steps:
step 1, acquiring land elevation data of a channel area in a grid form;
step 2, acquiring channel underwater water depth data in a grid form;
step 3, constructing an overwater and underwater integrated terrain model according to the land elevation data and the channel underwater depth data of the channel region in the grid form obtained in the step;
step 4, obtaining a land utilization type and carrying out topographic map pasting;
step 5, constructing a water surface effect of a water body;
step 6, constructing a land three-dimensional landscape model;
step 7, simulating a ship running on the water surface;
and 8, simulating the environmental meteorological information.
In the step 1, the land elevation data of the channel area in the grid form is obtained by one of direct acquisition, area satellite remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition modes to obtain original elevation data, and the original elevation data is obtained through processing. Specifically, the land elevation information of the channel area may be obtained from different data sources, and the format may be an irregular triangular mesh form or a regular grid form. In this step, the digital elevation model of the original data needs to be converted into a grid form for storage, so as to obtain a grid-form digital elevation model of the land of the channel area.
In the step 2, the grid-type channel underwater water depth data is obtained through one of a single-beam depth sounder, a multi-beam depth sounder and an electronic channel chart, and is obtained through processing. The data obtained in this step is generally water depth point or isobath information, and these data are processed to obtain grid-type water depth data.
In step 3, performing superposition operation on the land elevation data and the underwater water depth data of the channel area to obtain the overall topographic data of the channel area. And developing the calculated integral terrain data by combining a three-dimensional rendering engine, and constructing and obtaining an overwater and underwater three-dimensional terrain model of the channel area.
In step 4, besides the channel water, other land types in the channel area may relate to cultivated land, forest land, construction land, and the like. After the land use type data are obtained, mapping is respectively carried out on the three-dimensional terrain model according to the textures corresponding to different land use types, so that a vivid map display effect is realized. The bottom of the channel is usually made of silt, so that textures of corresponding patterns can be selected to map a three-dimensional terrain model in a water surface area, and the primary construction of a land surface three-dimensional scene is completed.
In step 5, the construction of the water surface effect of the water body needs to be calculated and simulated by relying on water level, wind power, wind direction, wind speed and water flow velocity data acquired by a radar tide level meter, a meteorological station and a water body flow meter. The water surface effect of the water body can be observed from the water surface effect observed above water and the water body effect observed under water. The water surface effect of observation on water is mainly the simulation of surface of water wave, and required can be observed according to the radar tide level gauge in the corresponding region of channel, the relevant sensor of rivers under water and weather station and obtain, and then realize the surface of water effect of flow. The underwater observation water body effects mainly include water body color and underwater visibility, which can be detected by related equipment, and further a corresponding effect is created in the three-dimensional scene for simulation, so that the integral construction of the three-dimensional scene of the channel water body is completed.
In step 6, the land three-dimensional landscape model comprises a plant model, an artificial facility model and a building model.
Further, the plant model comprises models of trees, shrubs and herbs; the artificial facility model comprises models of roads, street lamps, signal lamps, telegraph poles and bridges; the building model is a model of a building. And establishing a three-dimensional model symbol library to manage vegetation, artificial facilities and building models, placing corresponding three-dimensional model symbols at the positions of the three-dimensional scene corresponding to the actual positions, and adjusting the models to be consistent in height according to the actual height of the buildings so as to complete the integral construction of the three-dimensional scene of the land.
In step 7, the operation method for simulating the ship running on the water surface comprises the following steps: according to the position information and the attitude information of the ship, a ship model is placed in the scene, and the real-time position of the ship model is obtained through direct acquisition or interpolation calculation so that the ship model moves on the water surface.
Further, the position information and the attitude information of the ship can be obtained or measured through AIS, GPS and laser radar equipment signals. After the form information of the ship running on the water surface is obtained, a ship model with a corresponding form can be adopted and placed in the three-dimensional scene according to the real-time position information, and the ship model navigates on the water surface of the three-dimensional scene in a moving way based on the data.
In step 8, the simulation data of the weather information is derived from the weather conditions and visibility measured by the weather station. The meteorological environment of the actual channel area can be various, such as clear, cloudy, rain, snow, fog and the like, and in order to obtain a more real three-dimensional effect, the visibility of the corresponding position of the channel can be detected in combination according to the data of the meteorological observation station, so that a corresponding effect can be created in a three-dimensional scene for simulation.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method, the features of the elevation and the depth of the water and the water in the channel area are extracted successively according to the actual channel scene, and an integrated terrain model is constructed. In order to be close to a real scene, the scene of the water and land and the scene of the water surface are respectively mapped, and the earth surface landscape model and the water surface ship model are placed to enable the ship model to move forwards. In order to express the real scene effect, the meteorological environment information is simulated. According to the method provided by the invention, the three-dimensional simulation of mixing the live-action and the simulation of the navigation channel scene is realized by combining the computing equipment, and the mixed live-action three-dimensional navigation channel management platform is constructed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of scene terrain construction in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of scene surface simulation in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of three-dimensional real scene construction in the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a mixed real-scene three-dimensional navigation channel scene construction method which is mainly based on a three-dimensional geographic information system and combines real-scene three-dimensional and virtual simulation technologies to realize real-scene three-dimensional simulation of a navigation channel region. The method fully considers the display of various elements of the three-dimensional scene of the channel area and dynamically displays the key information required by channel management of ships, water flow, weather and the like in real time. The mixed live-action three-dimensional channel system constructed by the invention can more completely express the element information required by channel management, and is convenient for a manager to more intuitively sense the scene at any position of a channel area, thereby better performing channel management work.
The method provided by the invention can realize the process by using computer graphics related theoretical technology, and the general process is shown in figure 1. The specific flow implemented by combining the computer equipment is as follows:
step 1, acquiring land elevation data of a channel area in a grid form. Typically, elevation data for a land area is measured primarily by remote sensing satellites or by drones. The directly acquired data may be in the form of irregular triangulation, elevation point data, or regular grid.
For data in the form of irregular triangulation networks, a grid-form digital elevation model can be interpolated; for the elevation point data, after constructing TIN, the elevation point data is processed according to the irregular triangulation network data processing mode; and for the data in the regular grid form, the data can be directly converted into a digital elevation model in the grid form.
And 2, acquiring the underwater water depth data of the channel in a grid form. Channel water depth data information is generally acquired by a single-beam or multi-beam bathymeter or an electronic channel chart.
For single-beam and multi-beam sounders, the measured data is generally water depth point data. And the water depth data recorded in the electronic channel map may be water depth data. For such water depth data, a processing method similar to the land elevation point in step 1 may be performed, and constructed as water depth grid form data.
The water depth data recorded in the electronic channel map may be an isobath in addition to the water depth point. For the processing of the equal-depth line, the equal-depth line can be converted into a water-depth irregular triangular net by combining with GIS software, and then the processing is carried out in a manner similar to the land elevation irregular triangular net in the step 1, and finally water-depth grid form data is obtained.
And 3, acquiring terrain data in a grid form through the land elevation data and the water depth data. Since the elevation model of the land area does not contain water depth data (the water depth cannot be directly measured by the remote sensing satellite and the unmanned aerial vehicle), the elevation of the water surface area is invalid when the water and underwater integrated terrain is created. Therefore, it is first necessary to set the elevation value of the corresponding position of the water surface area in the land elevation data in the form of a grid as the elevation height of the water surface. And then, overlapping the underwater water depth data of the channel in the form of the grid with the processed land elevation data. In the specific processing process, a grid calculator tool of GIS software can be utilized, and land elevation data grids are used as subtracted items to perform difference processing with underwater water depth data. And obtaining the final topographic data fused with the underwater data on the water.
According to the result terrain data, the elevation value of the appointed coordinate position in the channel area can be obtained, a triangular net (surface) of the water and underwater integrated terrain can be constructed by combining a calculation geometry correlation theory and a three-dimensional model modeling method, and then the water and underwater integrated terrain model can be obtained through a computer graphics technology.
The overall flow of implementing scene terrain construction from step 1 to step 3 is shown in fig. 2.
And 4, acquiring the land utilization type and carrying out topographic map. In addition to channel waters, other land types of channel areas may relate to cultivated land, woodland, construction land, and the like. The most convenient land type acquisition mode is realized according to the supervision and classification of the satellite remote sensing images. After the satellite remote sensing image of the navigation channel scene area is obtained, the satellite remote sensing image is manually interpreted by utilizing GIS software, and the satellite remote sensing image is marked in the areas of cultivated land, forest land and building land. And after the marking is finished, creating a feature file, and classifying according to a maximum likelihood method to obtain land use type data of the ground of the navigation channel scene area.
And then, mapping the cultivated land, the forest land and the construction land on the land respectively by combining the land utilization type data. For cultivated land, vegetation texture mapping with yellow-green color tone can be adopted; for the forest land, a vegetation texture map with emerald green or dark green color tone can be adopted; for construction sites, gray and black concrete texture maps can be used. The connection positions of different areas are subjected to fuzzy gradual change processing, so that the abrupt feeling of the change of the connection positions of different types of land is weakened.
In addition, texture mapping needs to be performed on the underwater area of the channel in the terrain model in the step. The underwater area of the channel is generally silt, so dark yellow soil textures can be selected for mapping.
And 5, constructing the water surface effect of the water body. The water surface effect of the water body can be observed from the water surface effect observed above water and the water body effect observed under water.
The water surface effect of water observation mainly is the simulation of water surface waves, specifically water level height, flow velocity, wave height, wave speed and the like. The raw data required by the construction of the elements can be obtained according to the observation of a radar tide level meter, an underwater water flow related sensor and a meteorological station in the corresponding area of the channel. The water level height and the water flow velocity can be directly obtained through the sensor, and the water waves can be obtained through simulation by combining a wave simulation model such as Longuest-higgins and the like according to data such as wind speed, water flow velocity and the like. And further, a three-dimensional engine is used for rendering and drawing the dynamic three-dimensional water surface by combining the computer graphics related theoretical technology.
The underwater observation water body effect mainly comprises water body color and underwater visibility, which can be obtained by detecting through related equipment, and further a particle special effect is created at the underwater position of the scene by utilizing a three-dimensional engine, and the color and the visibility are simulated in a particle fog effect mode, so that the three-dimensional scene of the water body part of the channel is integrally constructed.
From step 4 and step 5, a surface simulation of the channel area scene can be constructed, and a preliminary effect of three-dimensional scene simulation is realized, and a specific flow thereof is shown in fig. 3.
And 6, constructing a land three-dimensional landscape model. After the mapping according to the land use type is completed, a three-dimensional landscape model is required to be added at a corresponding position in order to obtain a more realistic effect. The three-dimensional landscape model mainly comprises vegetation, buildings, artificial facilities and the like.
For vegetation, a three-dimensional model of a plant can be randomly added in a three-dimensional scene according to different plant species according to the positions of cultivated land and forest land in the scene of land utilization type data; for landscape and artificial facilities, the same kind of model should be added at the corresponding position in the three-dimensional scene and reality. In order to realize the rapid construction of scenes and improve the rendering efficiency, a three-dimensional model symbol library can be constructed to manage models such as vegetation crops, artificial facilities and the like.
For a building, the occupied position, the occupied area and the occupied height of the building can be acquired through information such as land planning related data or floor numbers, a cylindrical building model is automatically generated at a corresponding position in a three-dimensional scene, and maps such as a concrete surface and a window are added on the surface, so that the simulation of the building is realized.
And 7, simulating the ship running on the water surface. The channel ship position information can be generally acquired through AIS and GPS carried on the ship or measured through a radar for monitoring the position. The form information can also be obtained through AIS or through laser radar for detecting the position.
For AIS and GIS signals, the real-time position of the ship cannot be obtained, so that interpolation and deduction prediction are required to be carried out according to past AIS and GPS signal data, the real-time position of the ship is obtained through calculation, a ship model in a corresponding form is placed according to the real-time position of the ship, and the effect of real-time navigation of the ship in a channel is achieved.
And 8, simulating the environmental meteorological information. The meteorological environment of the actual channel area can be various, such as clear, cloudy, rain, snow, fog and the like, and in order to obtain a more real three-dimensional effect, the visibility of the corresponding position of the channel can be detected in combination according to the data of the meteorological observation station, so that a corresponding effect can be created in a three-dimensional scene for simulation.
For weather scenes such as clear, cloudy and cloudy days, the method can be realized in a sky box type. Namely, a cube texture technology is adopted, a plurality of weather texture pictures are compounded on the surface of a cube, and then a scene is placed in the center of the cube. Selecting different weather textures aiming at different meteorological environments, for example, selecting a sunny weather texture map and a cloudy weather texture map on a blue sky on sunny weather; the cloudy day can be painted with dark cloud and dense weather texture.
For the effect of rain, snow and fog in a small range, the corresponding sky box is selected as the background, and the effect is realized by combining a three-dimensional rendering engine and a particle special effect method. If the scene area is large, a later-stage rendering scheme is adopted, namely the rendered scene is rendered again, and the color of each fragment in the scene is mixed with the color of rain, snow or fog, so that the scene has the effects of rain, snow and fog.
And 6 to 8, the three-dimensional landscape construction of the navigation channel scene area can be realized. And dynamically refreshing information such as ship positions, weather and the like in the scene in real time according to the accessed real-time data, thereby achieving the effect of hybrid simulation. The whole solid flow is shown in fig. 4.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring land elevation data of a channel area in a grid form;
step 2, acquiring channel underwater water depth data in a grid form;
step 3, constructing an overwater and underwater integrated terrain model according to the land elevation data and the channel underwater depth data of the channel region in the grid form obtained in the step;
step 4, obtaining a land utilization type and carrying out topographic map pasting;
step 5, constructing a water surface effect of a water body;
step 6, constructing a land three-dimensional landscape model;
step 7, simulating a ship running on the water surface;
and 8, simulating the environmental meteorological information.
2. The method for constructing the mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the land elevation data of the channel area in the grid form is obtained by one of direct acquisition, area satellite remote sensing and unmanned aerial vehicle acquisition, and is obtained by processing.
3. The method for constructing the mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the channel underwater water depth data in the grid form is obtained by one of a single-beam depth finder, a multi-beam depth finder and an electronic channel chart form, and is obtained by processing.
4. The method for constructing the mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the construction of the water surface effect of the water body depends on the calculation and simulation of water level, wind power, wind direction, wind speed and water flow speed data acquired by a radar tide level meter, a meteorological station and a water flow meter.
5. The method for constructing a hybrid realistic three-dimensional navigation channel scene according to claim 1, wherein in step 6, the land three-dimensional landscape model comprises a plant model, an artificial facility model and a building model.
6. The method for constructing the mixed realistic three-dimensional navigation channel scene according to the claim 5, wherein the plant model comprises a model of trees, shrubs and herbs; the artificial facility model comprises models of roads, street lamps, signal lamps, telegraph poles and bridges; the building model is a model of a building.
7. The method for constructing the mixed live-action three-dimensional channel scene according to claim 1, wherein in the step 7, the operation method for simulating the ship running on the water surface comprises the following steps: according to the position information and the attitude information of the ship, a ship model is placed in the scene, and the real-time position of the ship model is obtained through direct acquisition or interpolation calculation so that the ship model moves on the water surface.
8. The method for constructing the hybrid live-action three-dimensional channel scene according to claim 7, wherein the position information and the attitude information of the ship are obtained or measured through AIS, GPS and lidar device signals.
9. The method for constructing a mixed real-scene three-dimensional channel scene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 8, the simulation data of the weather information is derived from the weather conditions and visibility measured by the weather station.
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