CN113536616B - Design optimization method of electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension - Google Patents
Design optimization method of electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design optimization method of an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of determining a design target, determining a suspension structure form, determining suspension basic parameters, determining basic parameters and outline dimensions of an electromagnetic energy feedback device, designing a magnetic circuit and an internal structure of the electromagnetic energy feedback device, performing electromagnetic simulation analysis and optimization design of the electromagnetic energy feedback device, developing an electromagnetic energy feedback suspension prototype and performing experimental test; the method can be universally applied to design optimization of various suspension forms, provides reference for the design of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension, forms an optimization method with strong integrity, reliability and operability, is favorable for popularization and application, and has reference value for the design and optimization of various energy feedback suspensions in the future.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile design, in particular to a design optimization method of an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension.
Background
The ride comfort, the passability and the steering stability of the vehicle are all independent of the suspension system. At present, the traditional suspension can only passively damp vibration, and the requirements of high performance and high energy efficiency of vehicle technical development cannot be met more and more, so that domestic and foreign scholars propose an active suspension as an improvement method. However, the active suspension requires additional energy input, which brings about a part of additional energy consumption to the vehicle, which is disadvantageous for improving the energy efficiency of the vehicle, especially for increasing the electric power of the vehicle, and the energy feedback suspension is an object of attention. The energy feedback suspension can recover and store a certain amount of vibration energy generated in the vibration process of the suspension, and the energy efficiency of a vehicle can be effectively improved. The energy feedback suspension is combined with the active suspension, so that the vehicle suspension can reduce or eliminate the energy burden brought by the active suspension while meeting the active control, and the comprehensive performance of the vehicle is further improved.
The electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension is a mechanism for recovering, storing and utilizing a certain amount of energy generated by a wheel in the running process through an electromagnetic linear actuating device based on an electromagnetic conversion principle, and the design of the electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension is original. In recent years, in the aspect of design of automobile energy feedback suspensions, the research center of gravity of domestic and foreign students gradually shifts from a mechanical energy feedback suspension to an electromagnetic energy feedback suspension. But at present, no analysis method and no forming scheme are designed for the electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to accurately analyze the energy feedback capacity and the energy feedback characteristics of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension, the energy feedback suspension is optimally designed to improve the energy feedback efficiency, so that the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension can be widely applied to the design of the electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension, a feasible design method is determined according to different forms of the suspension, the magnetic leakage phenomenon of a motor is improved, the reliability of the analysis result of an electromagnetic energy feedback device is improved, and the energy feedback efficiency is maximized. Through long-term experimental research, the design optimization method of the electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension provided by the invention can be universally applied to design optimization of various suspension forms, provides references for the design of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension, forms an optimization method with strong integrity, reliability and operability, is favorable for popularization and application, and has reference value for the design and optimization of various energy feedback suspensions in the future.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an analysis method for designing and optimizing an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension mainly comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of determining a design target, determining a suspension structure form, determining suspension basic parameters, determining basic parameters and outline dimensions of an electromagnetic energy feedback device, designing a magnetic circuit and an internal structure of the electromagnetic energy feedback device, performing electromagnetic simulation analysis and optimization design of the electromagnetic energy feedback device, developing an electromagnetic energy feedback suspension prototype, and performing experimental test. The specific implementation process is as follows: firstly, establishing a design target of the energy feedback suspension, selecting a structural form of the suspension according to the design target, and designing basic parameters. The method comprises the steps of determining the outline size of an electromagnetic energy feedback device according to suspension foundation structure parameters, additionally installing the electromagnetic linear energy feedback device on the basis of the outline size, designing a magnetic circuit and an internal structure, carrying out electromagnetic field finite element analysis design on the designed structure, and testing a sample machine.
The method comprises the steps of determining a design target and considering the structural form of a novel energy feedback suspension, and designing a shock absorber spring, a dust cover, a piston rod, a piston, a hydraulic cylinder and a working oil cylinder as well as an electromagnetic linear actuation energy feedback device between the shock absorber spring and the piston rod.
And determining the structural form of the suspension according to the design target, determining the basic parameters of the suspension according to the suspension in a specific form, and calculating the deflection, the spring parameters and the damping coefficient of the shock absorber of the suspension.
The specific process is that the axle load of the front axle and the rear axle of the automobile is obtained by the axle load distribution under the no-load state, and the sprung mass of the single suspension is obtained by calculation. And determining the natural frequencies n 1、n2 of the front and rear vehicle bodies according to the requirement of the offset frequency ratio n1/n2, and calculating to obtain the static deflection f c1、fc2 of the front and rear suspensions. And calculating the total deflection of the suspension according to the common dynamic deflection of the passenger car and checking.
According to the working condition of the automobile, the cylindrical spiral spring is cast by adopting proper materials. The diameter D of the spring steel wire is designed and obtained through the axial load F 1, the curvature coefficient K, the coiling ratio C and the spring allowable stress tau of the front suspension, and the diameter D m of the spring is further obtained. And selecting the effective circle number n and the pitch t of the spring under the maximum working load condition, and calculating the free height H 0 of the spring and the maximum deformation of the spring. Finally, whether the design meets the stability requirement is checked by comparing the free height H 0 of the spring with the intermediate diameter D m of the spring.
The parameters of the shock absorber are determined, an average value psi of the compression stroke relative damping coefficients psi Y and psi S is selected, and psi Y and psi S are determined according to the relation satisfied by psi Y and psi S, so that the damping coefficients of the shock absorber are determined. In order to reduce the impact force to the vehicle body, a maximum unloading force F 0 is determined, from which the cylinder diameter D is calculated and corrected in accordance with the national standard.
According to the structural form of the suspension, an electromagnetic linear actuation-energy feedback device (Electromagnetic linear actuating-ENERGY RECLAIMING DEVICE, abbreviated as ELA-ERD) is additionally arranged on the suspension.
The outer dimension of the ELA-ERD is limited by the novel energy feedback suspension structure, the height H e of the ELA-ERD is lower than the height of the suspension spring during the compression maximum deformation, the outer diameter D e of the ELA-ERD is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the dust cover of the shock absorber, and the motion stroke of the ELA-ERD is slightly larger than the working stroke of the shock absorber so as not to influence the normal operation of the shock absorber.
The ELA-ERD has the advantages that the external material is made of a rigid material, so that the ELA-ERD has a good protection effect, and the internal magnetic field is not influenced.
Designing a magnetic circuit and permanent magnet arrangement mode, winding a moving coil winding by adopting an enameled wire method, tightly winding a coil to improve the current density of the winding, modeling and simulating the winding by means of finite element software, establishing a three-dimensional coupling transient analysis model of an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a fluid field of the suspension by utilizing an electromagnetic field transient analysis and theoretical calculation mode, obtaining the energy feedback characteristic of the suspension, comparing a common suspension, calculating an energy feedback effect, obtaining the energy feedback capacity of the suspension under the parameter, developing and testing a prototype on the basis of the design calculation, verifying whether the rationality and the actual energy feedback capacity of the design meet design targets, and finally obtaining an optimal structural scheme.
According to the analysis method for designing and optimizing the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension, on the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental inspection, the energy feedback characteristics and the energy feedback capacity of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension are comprehensively considered, and the design scheme of the optimal energy feedback suspension is obtained. After practical application, the automobile energy-saving system has the advantages that the automobile energy-saving system can directly feel great contribution to automobile energy conservation, and further great economic benefits are brought.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the analysis method for designing and optimizing the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension is suitable for the technical field of automobile energy conservation, and particularly is applied to the technical field of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension of an automobile, so that the energy feedback characteristics and the energy feedback capacity of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension can be effectively and accurately known, and the analysis method has important strategic significance for automobile energy conservation and emission reduction. The invention provides a method for effectively improving the magnetic leakage phenomenon of an ELA-ERD piston rod. The method for effectively and quickly analyzing the design and the optimization of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension is realized, and the reliability of the analysis result of the design of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension is improved. The invention realizes the purpose of electromagnetic energy feedback suspension design and optimization, and provides a set of electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension design optimization method which can be universally applied to the design optimization of various suspension forms, improves the reliability and the integrity of a research method and has very important reference value for the design and the optimization of the energy feedback suspension.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a design method of an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension based on a macpherson suspension in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension based on a macpherson suspension according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural cross-sectional view of an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension based on a macpherson suspension according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples.
Examples
The embodiment provides a design optimization method of an electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension based on McPherson, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a design target, and calculating the stress, deflection, damping force and energy feedback characteristics of a required suspension; determining structural dimension parameters and selecting types of parts; parameter matching degree of the novel suspension; analysis of motion interference; software simulation movement checking; magnetic circuit design and structure analysis electromagnetic output and energy feedback characteristic analysis; sample machine development and test; and (5) checking the motion of the energy feedback characteristics.
Firstly, taking a Macpherson independent suspension as a basic structure, obtaining the axle load mass of the front axle and the rear axle of the automobile by the axle load distribution under the no-load state, and further calculating to obtain the sprung mass of the single suspension. And determining the natural frequency n 1、n2 of the front and rear vehicle bodies according to the requirement of the offset frequency ratio n 1/n2, and obtaining the static deflection f c1、fc2 of the front and rear suspensions from f ci＝mig/ci. And calculating the total deflection of the suspension according to the common dynamic deflection of the passenger car and checking.
According to the working condition of the automobile, a cylindrical spiral spring is cast by adopting a proper material, and the experiment adopts hot rolled spring steel. Since the Macpherson independent suspension is applied to the front suspension, the axial load f 1, the curvature coefficient K, the coiling ratio C and the spring allowable stress tau p of the front suspension are calculated by the formulaAnd calculating to obtain the diameter D of the spring steel wire, and further obtaining the diameter D m of the spring. And selecting the effective circle number n and the pitch t of the spring under the maximum working load condition, and calculating the free height H 0 of the spring and the maximum deformation of the spring. Finally, whether the design meets the stability requirement is checked by comparing the free height of the spring with the intermediate diameter D m of the H 0 spring.
The parameters of the shock absorber are determined, an average value psi of the compression stroke relative damping coefficients psi Y and psi S is selected, and psi Y and psi S are determined according to the relation satisfied by psi Y and psi S, so that the damping coefficients of the shock absorber are determined. In order to reduce the impact force to the vehicle body, a maximum unloading force F 0 is determined, from which the cylinder diameter D is calculated and corrected in accordance with the national standard.
Based on the basic structure of the Macpherson independent suspension, an electromagnetic linear actuation-energy feeding device (Electromagnetic linear actuating-ENERGY RECLAIMING DEVICE, abbreviated as ELA-ERD) is additionally arranged on the basic structure.
The ELA-ERD has a profile limited by the Macpherson suspension structure, a height H e which is less than the height of the suspension spring at maximum deformation under compression, an outer diameter D e which is less than or equal to the diameter of the shock absorber dust cover, and a motion stroke of the ELA-ERD which is slightly greater than a shock absorber working stroke in order not to affect the normal operation of the shock absorber.
The ELA-ERD has the advantages that the external material is made of a rigid material, so that the ELA-ERD has a good protection effect, and the internal magnetic field is not influenced.
The permanent magnet adopts a Halbach array, the Halbach array can effectively strengthen one side magnetic field and weaken the other side magnetic field, the magnetic circuit is designed in a moving coil mode, an enameled wire is adopted to wind a winding of the braking coil, the coil is tightly wound, the current density of the winding can be improved, the finite element simulation software is used for modeling and simulating the winding to obtain the distribution condition of magnetic induction intensity, the design of the material size structure is improved according to the distribution condition of the magnetic field intensity, such as changing the size of the permanent magnet, the size of an air gap, increasing and decreasing the size of part of an inner core, and the like, so that the air gap magnetic density is enhanced, the magnetic leakage is reduced, the electromagnetic force output by a motor is enhanced, and the ELA-RED performance achieves an ideal effect.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the invention is firstly based on a suspension, on the basis of which an electromagnetic linear energy feedback device is additionally arranged; analyzing and calculating deflection, spring parameters and damping coefficients of the shock absorber by utilizing the basic suspension; and determining the energy feedback effect of the suspension by using an electromagnetic field transient analysis and theoretical calculation mode, and obtaining the energy feedback capacity of the suspension under the parameter. Considering the energy feedback characteristics, the energy feedback capacity and the storage problem of low energy feedback voltage of an actual suspension, using finite element analysis software to establish a three-dimensional coupling transient analysis model of an electromagnetic field, a temperature field and a fluid field of the suspension, obtaining the energy feedback characteristics of the suspension, comparing with a common suspension, and calculating the energy feedback effect. The suspension energy feedback capacity is optimized by continuously changing parameters of the electromagnetic energy feedback device, so that an optimal energy feedback scheme is designed. The invention can acquire the energy feedback characteristic of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension, identify and evaluate the energy feedback capacity of the electromagnetic energy feedback suspension, and provide a direction for automobile energy conservation to a greater extent.
The above is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. All technical schemes formed by adopting equivalent exchange or equivalent substitution fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The design optimization method of the electromagnetic linear energy feedback suspension is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Establishing a design target, and calculating the stress, deflection, damping force and energy feedback characteristics of a required suspension; determining structural dimension parameters and selecting types of parts; parameter matching degree of the novel suspension; analysis of motion interference; software simulation movement checking; magnetic circuit design and structure analysis electromagnetic output and energy feedback characteristic analysis; sample machine development and test; motion checking of energy feedback characteristics;
Determining the structural form of the suspension according to a design target, determining basic parameters of the suspension according to the suspension in a specific form, and calculating deflection, spring parameters and damping coefficients of the shock absorber;
Taking the Macpherson independent suspension as a basic structure, obtaining the axle load mass of the front axle and the rear axle of the automobile by the axle load distribution under the no-load state, and further calculating to obtain the sprung mass of the single suspension; determining the natural frequencies n 1、n2 of the front and rear vehicle bodies according to the requirement of the offset frequency ratio n1/n2, and calculating to obtain the static deflection f c1、fc2 of the front and rear suspensions; calculating the total deflection of the suspension according to the common dynamic deflection of the passenger car and checking;
The diameter D of the spring steel wire is designed and obtained through the axial load F 1, the curvature coefficient K, the coiling ratio C and the spring allowable stress tau of the front suspension, and the diameter D m of the spring is further obtained; selecting the effective number of turns n and the pitch t of the spring under the maximum working load condition, and calculating the free height H 0 of the spring and the maximum deformation of the spring; finally, checking whether the design meets the stability requirement or not through the comparison of the free height H 0 of the spring and the intermediate diameter D m of the spring;
According to the working conditions of the automobile, casting a cylindrical spiral spring by adopting a proper material, and adopting hot rolled spring steel; since the Macpherson independent suspension is applied to the front suspension, the axial load f1, the curvature coefficient K, the coiling ratio C and the spring allowable stress tau p of the front suspension are calculated by the formula Calculating to obtain the diameter d of the spring steel wire, and further obtaining the intermediate diameter Dm of the spring; selecting the effective number of turns n and the pitch t of the spring under the maximum working load condition, and calculating the free height H 0 of the spring and the maximum deformation of the spring; finally, comparing the free height of the spring with the intermediate diameter D m of the H 0 spring to check whether the design meets the stability requirement;
Determining parameters of the shock absorber, selecting an average value psi of compression stroke relative damping coefficients psi Y and psi S, determining psi Y and psi S according to the relation satisfied by psi Y and psi S, and further determining the damping coefficient of the shock absorber; in order to reduce the impact force transmitted to the vehicle body, determining the maximum unloading force F 0, calculating the diameter D of the working cylinder, and correcting the diameter of the working cylinder according to the national standard;
according to the structural form of the suspension, an electromagnetic linear actuation-energy feedback device ELA-ERD is additionally arranged on the basis of the suspension;
The outer dimension of the ELA-ERD is limited by a novel energy feedback suspension structure, the height H e is lower than the height of the suspension spring during the compression maximum deformation, the outer diameter D e of the ELA-ERD is smaller than or equal to the diameter of a dust cover of the shock absorber, and in order not to influence the normal work of the shock absorber, the motion stroke of the ELA-ERD is slightly larger than the working stroke of the shock absorber;
the external material of ELA-ERD is made of rigid material;
The permanent magnet adopts a Halbach array, the Halbach array can effectively strengthen one side magnetic field and weaken the other side magnetic field, the magnetic circuit is designed in a moving coil mode, an enameled wire is adopted to wind a winding of the braking coil, the coil is tightly wound, the current density of the winding can be improved, the winding is modeled and simulated by means of finite element simulation software electromagnetic field finite element simulation software, the distribution condition of magnetic induction intensity is obtained, the design of a material size structure is improved according to the distribution condition of magnetic field intensity, the size of the permanent magnet is changed, the size of an air gap is increased and decreased, the size of a part of an inner core is increased and decreased, so that the air gap flux density is enhanced, the magnetic leakage is reduced, the electromagnetic force output by the motor is enhanced, and the ELA-RED performance achieves an ideal effect.
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| US20070260372A1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Langer William J | Dynamic vehicle suspension system testing and simulation |
| US10050322B2 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2018-08-14 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Coaxial filter and method for manufacturing the same |
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| CN106627022A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-05-10 | 西安科技大学 | Semi-active vehicle suspension system with vibration energy recycling function and control method thereof |
| CN108173395A (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2018-06-15 | 南京师范大学 | Vehicle suspension energy regenerative power generation cylindrical permanent-magnet linear motor forward design method |
| CN108638780A (en) * | 2018-04-29 | 2018-10-12 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of electromagnetic linear feed energy suspension based on MacPherson type structure |
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