CN113534232A - Device and method for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles - Google Patents
Device and method for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN113534232A CN113534232A CN202010299231.2A CN202010299231A CN113534232A CN 113534232 A CN113534232 A CN 113534232A CN 202010299231 A CN202010299231 A CN 202010299231A CN 113534232 A CN113534232 A CN 113534232A
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000005433 ionosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium copper Chemical compound [Be].[Cu] DMFGNRRURHSENX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles, wherein the device is arranged on the + X surface of a satellite and comprises a particle collecting component and a measuring circuit; wherein the particle collection assembly is used for separating neutral molecules and charged particles of an ionized layer; respectively collecting the separated neutral molecular current signal and charged particle current signal, and outputting to a measuring circuit; the axial direction of the opening direction of the particle collecting assembly is parallel to the + X direction of the satellite flight; the measuring circuit is used for loading positive and negative control voltages to the particle collecting assembly alternately at regular time so as to select ions or electrons for measurement, and is also used for obtaining the density of neutral molecules, ions and electrons according to the received neutral molecule current signal and charged particle current signal. The invention can synchronously measure the neutral molecules, ions and electrons of the ionized layer, and realizes the monitoring of the dynamic process of ionization and compounding of the neutral molecules and charged particles of the ionized layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of spaceflight and satellite loading, in particular to a device and a method for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles.
Background
The earth ionosphere is an ionized region of the earth's atmosphere, extending from 60 km from the ground to a high-rise atmospheric airspace of the earth at a height of about 1000 km. The atmosphere in the ionosphere is in a partially ionized state due to the ionization of neutral atoms and atmospheric molecules by solar radiation. During ionization, collision recombination between electrons and ions occurs simultaneously, forming a dynamic equilibrium.
Currently, the measurement of the neutral component and the ionized particle of the ionized layer is realized by independent detecting instruments. For example, an atmospheric density detector can measure the change in density of neutral molecules, a langmuir probe can measure the change in density of ionized electrons, a retardation analyzer can measure the change in density of ionized ions, and so forth. However, the detection coefficients and calculation factors of the respective independent detecting instruments are greatly different, and the detection in the same space at the same time cannot be realized. Therefore, the results of their measurements can only show the variation of the respective parameters and cannot characterize the relative distribution between the neutral molecules of the ionosphere and the charged particles, and the dynamic processes of ionization and recombination.
The atmospheric density detector can measure the density change of neutral molecules, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 1. Its sensor is generally divided into a neutral molecular equilibrium chamber and a neutral molecular ionization chamber. Neutral molecules enter the neutral molecule balancing chamber through the sensor opening to reach balance, enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber through the opening to be ionized, and ionized ions are absorbed by the ionized particle collector. Then, the density of neutral molecules can be obtained by a neutral molecule measuring circuit.
Langmuir probes measure the change in density of the ionized electrons, and the schematic is shown in figure 2. Generally, a ball-type sensor is adopted, the sensor is directly exposed in an ionized layer environment, and the current of the sensor is collected by loading positive and negative scanning voltages, absorption and repulsion, electrons and ions on the sensor. The density of electrons can then be obtained by the sensor current measurement circuit.
The retardation analyzer can measure the density change of ionized ions, and the schematic diagram is shown in figure 3. A cylindrical sensor is generally employed. And a negative voltage is loaded on the blocking grid through the blocking grid voltage loading circuit, so that electrons are repelled, and ions are collected. The density of the ions can then be obtained by the sensor current measurement circuit.
There is a need for a method that enables simultaneous integrated measurement of neutral molecules and ionized particles, as opposed to the ionosphere, which is always in dynamic change.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an apparatus for synchronously measuring ionospheric neutral molecules and charged particles, the apparatus being installed on the + X plane of a satellite, wherein the apparatus comprises a particle collection assembly and a measurement circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the particle collection component is used for separating neutral molecules and charged particles of an ionized layer, and the charged particles are ions or electrons; respectively collecting the separated neutral molecular current signal and charged particle current signal, and outputting to a measuring circuit; the axial direction of the opening direction of the particle collecting assembly is parallel to the + X direction of the satellite flight;
the measuring circuit is used for loading positive and negative control voltages to the particle collecting assembly alternately at regular time so as to select ions or electrons for measurement, and is also used for obtaining the density of neutral molecules, ions and electrons according to the received neutral molecule current signal and charged particle current signal.
As an improvement of the device, the particle collecting assembly comprises a cylindrical shell, and a shielding grid, a scanning grid, a charged particle collector, a restraining grid and an ionized particle collector are sequentially and horizontally arranged in a cavity of the shell from top to bottom; the surfaces are kept flat and not deformed; a neutral molecular ionization chamber is arranged between the inhibition grid mesh and the ionized particle collector; the axial direction of the cylindrical shell is parallel to the + X direction of satellite flight; the scanning grid and the suppression grid load scanning voltage and suppression voltage with opposite polarities output by the measuring circuit at the same time; the shielding grid mesh is used for receiving shielding voltage loaded by the measuring circuit and shielding external electromagnetic interference;
the scanning grid mesh is used for receiving scanning voltage loaded by the measuring circuit, and when the scanning voltage is positive voltage, the ions are prevented from continuously moving in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight, so that the electrons continuously move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight; when the scanning voltage is negative voltage, the electrons are prevented from continuously moving in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight, and the ions are enabled to continuously move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight;
the charged particle collector is used for collecting charged particles passing through the scanning grid and outputting current signals of the charged particles to the measuring circuit;
the suppression grid is used for receiving the suppression voltage loaded by the measuring circuit, preventing the electrons which pass through the charged particle collector and are not collected from entering the neutral molecular ionization chamber when the suppression voltage is negative voltage, and changing the movement direction of the electrons to enable the electrons to be collected by the charged particle collector; meanwhile, the neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight; when the suppression voltage is positive voltage, ions which pass through the charged particle collector and are not collected are prevented from entering the neutral molecular ionization chamber, and the movement direction of the ions is changed, so that the ions are collected by the charged particle collector; meanwhile, the neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight;
the neutral molecule ionization chamber is used for ionizing neutral molecules entering the neutral molecule ionization chamber to generate charged particles;
the ionization particle collector is used for collecting charged particles generated by ionization of the neutral molecular ionization chamber and outputting current signals of the charged particles to the measuring circuit.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the measurement circuit includes a neutral molecule measurement circuit, a charged particle measurement circuit, and a grid voltage generation circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the neutral molecule measuring circuit is connected with the ionized particle collector and is used for measuring a collected current signal output by the ionized particle collector to obtain the density of neutral molecules;
the charged particle measuring circuit is connected with the charged particle collector and is used for measuring the density of charged particles;
the grid voltage generating circuit comprises a shielding grid power supply circuit and a switching circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the shielding grid power supply circuit is connected with the shielding grid and used for supplying power to the shielding grid so as to load shielding voltage;
the switching circuit comprises a loading circuit and a timing controller, wherein two ends of the loading circuit are respectively connected with the scanning grid and the suppression grid and are used for loading voltages with opposite polarities to the scanning grid and the suppression grid; the timing controller is used for controlling the loading circuit to switch the polarity of the voltage alternately at regular time.
As an improvement of the above device, when the switching circuit loads a positive voltage to the scanning grid and loads a negative voltage to the suppressing grid, the scanning grid prevents ions from passing through, so that electrons and neutral molecules continue to move in the housing along the-X direction of the satellite flight, after passing through the scanning grid, the electrons enter the charged particle collector, and the suppressing grid further prevents electrons not collected by the charged particle collector from entering the neutral particle ionization chamber and changes the moving direction thereof, so that the electrons enter the charged particle collector; neutral molecules enter a neutral molecule ionization chamber after sequentially passing through a charged particle collector and a restraining grid;
when the switching circuit loads negative voltage on the scanning grid and loads positive voltage on the restraining grid, the scanning grid prevents electrons from passing through, so that ions and neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight; neutral molecules enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber after passing through the charged particle collector and the restraining grid in sequence.
The invention also provides a method for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles, which is realized based on the device and comprises the following steps:
the particle collecting component separates neutral molecules and charged particles in an ionized layer, respectively collects a separated neutral molecule current signal and a separated charged particle current signal, and outputs the signals to the measuring circuit;
the measuring circuit loads positive and negative control voltages to the particle collecting assembly alternately at regular time, so that ions or electrons are selected for measurement, and the density of neutral molecules, ions and electrons is obtained according to the received neutral molecule current signal and charged particle current signal.
As an improvement of the above method, the method specifically comprises the steps of:
step 1) the shielding grid power supply circuit supplies power to the shielding grid so as to load shielding voltage; the shielding grid receives shielding voltage loaded by the shielding grid power supply circuit and shields external electromagnetic interference;
step 2) the timing controller controls the loading circuit to switch the polarity of the voltage alternately at regular time, when the loading circuit loads positive voltage on the scanning grid and loads negative voltage on the restraining grid at the same time, the step 3) is entered, and when the switching circuit loads negative voltage on the scanning grid and loads positive voltage on the restraining grid at the same time, the step 4) is entered;
step 3) the scanning grid mesh prevents ions from passing through by receiving the positive voltage loaded by the loading circuit, so that electrons and neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight, the charged particle collector collects the electrons passing through the scanning grid mesh, outputs a collected current signal and transmits the collected current signal to the charged particle measuring circuit, and the density of the electrons is measured by the charged particle measuring circuit; neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight, sequentially pass through the charged particle collector and the suppression grid and then enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber;
step 4) the scanning grid mesh prevents electrons from passing through by receiving the negative voltage loaded by the loading circuit, so that ions and neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight, the charged particle collector collects the ions passing through the scanning grid mesh, outputs a collected current signal and transmits the collected current signal to the charged particle measuring circuit, and the charged particle measuring circuit measures and obtains the density of the ions; neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight, sequentially pass through the charged particle collector and the suppression grid and then enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber;
step 5), the neutral molecule ionization chamber ionizes neutral molecules to generate charged particles;
step 6), the ionized particle collector collects charged particles generated by neutral molecules and outputs a collected current signal;
and 7) measuring the collected current signals by the neutral molecule measuring circuit to obtain the density of neutral molecules.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the device provided by the invention realizes the synchronous measurement of neutral molecules, ions and electrons in an ionized layer for the first time;
2. the device provided by the invention can realize the measurement of the dynamic process of ionization and recombination of neutral molecules and charged particles in the ionized layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a prior art atmospheric density probe;
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the prior art langmuir probe;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the operating principle of a retardation analyzer of the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus for simultaneous measurement of ionospheric neutral molecules and charged particles according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the device of the present invention when the scan grid is loaded with a positive voltage and the suppressor grid is loaded with a negative voltage;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the scan grids of the inventive apparatus when negative voltage is applied and the suppression grids are applied with positive voltage;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the particle collection assembly opening and axial orientation of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a grid of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a particle collection assembly and grid structure of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
The device comprises a particle collection assembly and a measurement circuit, and is shown in figure 4. The device is arranged on the windward side of a satellite, and the axial direction of the particle collecting assembly is parallel to the flight direction.
The particle collecting component of the device is in a cylindrical shape and comprises a shielding grid, a scanning grid, a charged particle collector, a restraining grid, an ionized particle collector and a neutral molecular ionization chamber. The shielding grid net loads shielding voltage to play a role in shielding external electromagnetic interference. The scanning grid is loaded with scanning voltage to play a role in selecting charged particles. The charged particle collector functions to collect charged particles passing through the scanning grid. The function of the restraining grid is to restrain the charged particles which do not enter the charged particle collector from entering the neutral molecular ionization chamber, change the moving direction of the neutral molecular ionization chamber and ensure that the particles are collected by the charged particle collector. The neutral molecule ionization chamber is used for ionizing neutral molecules passing through the grid. The ionized particle collector is used for collecting charged particles after neutral analysis ionization.
The measuring circuit of the device comprises a neutral molecule measuring circuit, a charged particle measuring circuit and a grid voltage generating circuit. The neutral molecule measuring circuit is connected with the ionized particle collector and used for measuring a collected current signal output by the ionized particle collector to obtain the density of neutral molecules, and the grid voltage generating circuit comprises a shielding grid circuit and a switching circuit; the shielding grid circuit is connected with the shielding grid and used for supplying power to the shielding grid; the switching circuit is connected with the scanning grid and the restraining grid and is used for loading voltages with opposite polarities to the scanning grid and the restraining grid at the same time and carrying out switching of positive and negative voltages at regular time according to a preset time interval.
The working principle of the device is shown in fig. 5, which is enlarged in corresponding scale for easy understanding. When the switching circuit loads positive voltage to the scanning grid and loads negative voltage to the restraining grid, ions are prevented from passing through the scanning grid, electrons pass through the scanning grid and are collected by the charged particle collector, and collected current signals are measured and collected by the charged particle measuring circuit and processed to obtain the density of the electrons. Neutral molecules are uncharged and are therefore unaffected by the shielding grids, scanning grids, charged particle collectors and suppression grids. Neutral molecules enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber through the multilayer grid mesh, the neutral molecules are ionized to generate charged particles, the charged particles are collected by the ionized particle collector, collected current signals are measured and collected by the neutral molecule measuring circuit, and the density of the neutral molecules is obtained through processing.
As shown in fig. 6, when the switching circuit applies a negative voltage to the scanning grid and a positive voltage to the suppressing grid, electrons are prevented from passing through the scanning grid, ions pass through the scanning grid and are collected by the charged particle collector, and the collected current signal is measured and collected by the charged particle measuring circuit and processed to obtain the density of the ions. Neutral molecules can also be measured at all times during this process.
The switching circuit interval is 0.5s, and the switching of positive and negative scanning voltages is carried out, so that ionized layer neutral molecules, ions and electrons are synchronously measured within 1s, and the measurement of the ionization and composite dynamic process of the ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles is realized.
In practical application, in order to obtain a high-precision measurement result, the particle collecting assembly is required to be installed on the windward side (+ X side) of the satellite, and the axial direction of the opening direction of the particle collecting assembly is parallel to the + X direction of the satellite flight, as shown in fig. 7. However, there is a certain deviation in actual installation, and the influence of the deviation needs to be eliminated in data calculation.
It should be noted that the interval time between the positive and negative scanning voltages of the switching circuit is not limited to 0.5s, and may be adjusted according to actual needs.
As shown in FIG. 8, the inner diameter of the grid is 100mm, the outer diameter is 114mm, the grid is made of beryllium copper, and the surface of the grid is plated with gold. The grid mesh is square hole, also can choose hexagonal hole for use, and net silk width is 0.1mm, and net silk centre-to-centre spacing is 1 mm. A. B, C, D, E, F equal holes are uniformly distributed on the ring to play the role of mounting holes, ensuring that the mounting plane is stressed uniformly and the surface of the grid mesh is kept flat and not deformed. The holes G are used as reference holes to ensure that the upper and lower parts of each layer of grid mesh are kept aligned in the assembling process of the particle collecting assembly. The hole H is used as a lead hole to connect the grid with a measuring circuit.
As shown in fig. 9, the particle collecting assembly and the grid structure are schematically illustrated, each layer of grid is isolated from each other by an insulating medium. The dimensions in the figure are recommended dimensions and can be adjusted according to the size and the limitation of the satellite platform.
Example 2
A method for synchronously measuring ionized layer neutral molecules and charged particles, which is realized based on the device of embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1), enabling ionized layer atmosphere to enter the shielding grid, and enabling neutral molecules, ions and electrons to enter the scanning grid through the shielding grid;
step 2) switching the positive voltage and the negative voltage at regular time by the switching circuit according to a preset time interval, entering step 3) when the switching circuit loads positive voltage to the scanning grid and loads negative voltage to the restraining grid, and entering step 4) when the switching circuit loads negative voltage to the scanning grid and loads positive voltage to the restraining grid;
step 3) the scanning grid net prevents ions from passing through, so that electrons and neutral molecules pass through the scanning grid net, wherein the electrons enter a charged particle measuring circuit connected with a charged particle collector, and the density of the electrons is measured by the charged particle measuring circuit; neutral molecules enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber after sequentially passing through the charged particle collector and the inhibition grid, and electrons are further prevented from entering the neutral molecule ionization chamber by the inhibition grid;
step 4) the scanning grid net prevents electrons from passing through, so that ions and neutral molecules pass through the scanning grid net, wherein the ions enter a charged particle measuring circuit connected with a charged particle collector, and the density of the ions is measured by the charged particle measuring circuit; neutral molecules enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber after sequentially passing through the charged particle collector and the inhibition grid mesh, and the inhibition grid mesh further prevents ions from entering the neutral molecule ionization chamber;
step 5), ionizing neutral molecules by a neutral molecule ionization chamber to generate charged particles;
step 6), the charged particles enter an ionized particle collector and a collected current signal is output;
and 7) collecting current signals, entering a neutral molecule measuring circuit, and measuring by the neutral molecule measuring circuit to obtain the density of neutral molecules.
The device can measure the earth ionosphere and the ionosphere of the interplanetary space; the particle collection assembly is adjusted to adapt to different satellite platforms; in practical applications, the grid transmittance needs to be considered and corrected in data calculation.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for simultaneous measurement of ionospheric neutral molecules and charged particles, the apparatus being mounted on the + X plane of a satellite, the apparatus comprising a particle collection assembly and a measurement circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the particle collection component is used for separating neutral molecules and charged particles of an ionized layer, and the charged particles are ions or electrons; respectively collecting the separated neutral molecular current signal and charged particle current signal, and outputting to a measuring circuit; the axial direction of the opening direction of the particle collecting assembly is parallel to the + X direction of the satellite flight;
the measuring circuit is used for loading positive and negative control voltages to the particle collecting assembly alternately at regular time so as to select ions or electrons for measurement, and is also used for obtaining the density of neutral molecules, ions and electrons according to the received neutral molecule current signal and charged particle current signal.
2. The device for synchronously measuring ionospheric neutral molecules and charged particles of claim 1, wherein the particle collection assembly comprises a cylindrical housing, and a shielding grid, a scanning grid, a charged particle collector, a suppressing grid and an ionized particle collector are horizontally arranged in the cavity of the housing from top to bottom in sequence; the surfaces are kept flat and not deformed; a neutral molecular ionization chamber is arranged between the inhibition grid mesh and the ionized particle collector; the axial direction of the cylindrical shell is parallel to the + X direction of satellite flight; the scanning grid and the suppression grid load scanning voltage and suppression voltage with opposite polarities output by the measuring circuit at the same time; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the shielding grid mesh is used for receiving the shielding voltage loaded by the measuring circuit and shielding external electromagnetic interference;
the scanning grid mesh is used for receiving scanning voltage loaded by the measuring circuit, and when the scanning voltage is positive voltage, the ions are prevented from continuously moving in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight, so that the electrons continuously move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight; when the scanning voltage is negative voltage, the electrons are prevented from continuously moving in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight, and the ions are enabled to continuously move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight;
the charged particle collector is used for collecting charged particles passing through the scanning grid and outputting current signals of the charged particles to the measuring circuit;
the suppression grid is used for receiving the suppression voltage loaded by the measuring circuit, preventing the electrons which pass through the charged particle collector and are not collected from entering the neutral molecular ionization chamber when the suppression voltage is negative voltage, and changing the movement direction of the electrons to enable the electrons to be collected by the charged particle collector; meanwhile, the neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight; when the suppression voltage is positive voltage, ions which pass through the charged particle collector and are not collected are prevented from entering the neutral molecular ionization chamber, and the movement direction of the ions is changed, so that the ions are collected by the charged particle collector; meanwhile, the neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight;
the neutral molecule ionization chamber is used for ionizing neutral molecules entering the neutral molecule ionization chamber to generate charged particles;
the ionization particle collector is used for collecting charged particles generated by ionization of the neutral molecular ionization chamber and outputting current signals of the charged particles to the measuring circuit.
3. The apparatus for simultaneous ionospheric neutral molecule and charged particle measurement of claim 2, wherein the measurement circuit comprises a neutral molecule measurement circuit, a charged particle measurement circuit, and a grid voltage generation circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the neutral molecule measuring circuit is connected with the ionized particle collector and is used for measuring a collected current signal output by the ionized particle collector to obtain the density of neutral molecules;
the charged particle measuring circuit is connected with the charged particle collector and is used for measuring the density of charged particles;
the grid voltage generating circuit comprises a shielding grid power supply circuit and a switching circuit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the shielding grid power supply circuit is connected with the shielding grid and used for supplying power to the shielding grid so as to load shielding voltage;
the switching circuit comprises a loading circuit and a timing controller, wherein two ends of the loading circuit are respectively connected with the scanning grid and the suppression grid and are used for loading voltages with opposite polarities to the scanning grid and the suppression grid; the timing controller is used for controlling the loading circuit to switch the polarity of the voltage alternately at regular time.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the switching circuit applies a positive voltage to the scan grid while applying a negative voltage to the suppression grid, the scan grid blocking the passage of ions, such that the electrons and neutral molecules continue to move within the housing in the-X direction of the satellite flight, after passing through the scan grid, the electrons enter the charged particle collector, and the suppression grid further blocks electrons not collected by the charged particle collector from entering the neutral ionization chamber and changing their direction of movement such that they enter the charged particle collector; neutral molecules enter a neutral molecule ionization chamber after sequentially passing through a charged particle collector and a restraining grid;
when the switching circuit loads negative voltage on the scanning grid and loads positive voltage on the restraining grid, the scanning grid prevents electrons from passing through, so that ions and neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight; neutral molecules enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber after passing through the charged particle collector and the restraining grid in sequence.
5. A method for simultaneous measurement of ionospheric neutral molecules and charged particles, implemented on the basis of the apparatus of one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:
the particle collecting component separates neutral molecules and charged particles in an ionized layer, respectively collects a separated neutral molecule current signal and a separated charged particle current signal, and outputs the signals to the measuring circuit;
the measuring circuit loads positive and negative control voltages to the particle collecting assembly alternately at regular time, so that ions or electrons are selected for measurement, and the density of neutral molecules, ions and electrons is obtained according to the received neutral molecule current signal and charged particle current signal.
6. The method for simultaneous measurement of ionospheric neutral molecules and charged particles according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises in particular the steps of:
step 1) the shielding grid power supply circuit supplies power to the shielding grid so as to load shielding voltage; the shielding grid receives shielding voltage loaded by the shielding grid power supply circuit and shields external electromagnetic interference;
step 2) the timing controller controls the loading circuit to switch the polarity of the voltage alternately at regular time, when the loading circuit loads positive voltage on the scanning grid and loads negative voltage on the restraining grid at the same time, the step 3) is entered, and when the switching circuit loads negative voltage on the scanning grid and loads positive voltage on the restraining grid at the same time, the step 4) is entered;
step 3) the scanning grid mesh prevents ions from passing through by receiving the positive voltage loaded by the loading circuit, so that electrons and neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of the satellite flight, the charged particle collector collects the electrons passing through the scanning grid mesh, outputs a collected current signal and transmits the collected current signal to the charged particle measuring circuit, and the density of the electrons is measured by the charged particle measuring circuit; neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight, sequentially pass through the charged particle collector and the suppression grid and then enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber;
step 4) the scanning grid mesh prevents electrons from passing through by receiving the negative voltage loaded by the loading circuit, so that ions and neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight, the charged particle collector collects the ions passing through the scanning grid mesh, outputs a collected current signal and transmits the collected current signal to the charged particle measuring circuit, and the charged particle measuring circuit measures and obtains the density of the ions; neutral molecules continue to move in the shell along the-X direction of satellite flight, sequentially pass through the charged particle collector and the suppression grid and then enter the neutral molecule ionization chamber;
step 5), the neutral molecule ionization chamber ionizes neutral molecules to generate charged particles;
step 6), the ionized particle collector collects charged particles generated by neutral molecules and outputs a collected current signal;
and 7) measuring the collected current signals by the neutral molecule measuring circuit to obtain the density of neutral molecules.
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