CN113528876A - Method for improving room temperature and high temperature strength of heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying - Google Patents
Method for improving room temperature and high temperature strength of heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials and preparation, and discloses a method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy by refining, aging and precipitating heat-resistant phase particles and inhibiting high-temperature coarsening of the heat-resistant phase particles through Gd microalloying. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the intermediate alloy ingot according to the required component proportion, melting in a resistance furnace, standing, refining, and then pouring into a metal mold or a sand mold for forming. In order to reduce burning loss and ensure the accuracy of alloy components in the smelting process, different intermediate alloy ingots are added according to a certain sequence, and finally Al- (2-10) wt.% Gd intermediate alloy ingots are added. And carrying out solid solution and artificial aging treatment on the formed Gd microalloyed heat-resistant aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace to obtain the heat-resistant aluminum alloy with excellent normal-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties. The high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the method has excellent room-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties and a simple preparation process.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to a metal material and a preparation technology thereof, and particularly relates to a method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying.
Background
Cast aluminum alloys are widely used in the fields of automobiles and the like because of having the advantages of excellent casting performance, corrosion resistance, high strength, low density and the like. However, the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are significantly reduced with the increase of the temperature, which limits the application of the aluminum alloy in some fields, for example, the aluminum alloy needs to bear the high temperature of more than 300 ℃ when being applied to the cylinder cover of the automobile engine. Therefore, in order to further promote the application of the aluminum alloy, researchers develop novel heat-resistant aluminum alloy by different methods, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy under the high-temperature condition is improved.
Cu is used as a common strengthening element in the aluminum alloy, is added into the aluminum alloy and is combined with a corresponding heat treatment process, and then high strength can be obtained. However, such high strength can be maintained only up to 225 ℃ because when the temperature exceeds 225 ℃, the main precipitation strengthening phases theta 'and theta' in the Cu-containing aluminum alloy are coarsened or transformed into stable theta phases, and the strength of the material is rapidly reduced. At present, researchers mainly add elements of a secondary main group (such as Mn, Fe, Ni and the like) to form a solidified crystalline heat-resistant phase with a larger size or add precious metal elements (such as Sc, Zr and the like) to form a solid-solution precipitation heat-resistant phase to improve the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy, and some results are obtained. However, the solidified crystalline heat-resistant phase formed by adding the elements of the main subgroup has larger size and limited improvement on high-temperature strength, and simultaneously, the plasticity and the strength at room temperature of the alloy are also obviously reduced. Although the high-temperature performance of the alloy can be improved by adding the noble metal elements, the cost is high, the number density of precipitated phases is difficult to improve under the influence of solid solubility, and the improvement range of the mechanical property of the corresponding material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in view of the above technical problems in the prior art, the present application provides a method for improving room temperature and high temperature strength of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying.
The technical scheme is as follows: the method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy metal block containing Gd by using a commercial intermediate alloy ingot as a raw material;
(2) placing the commercial intermediate alloy ingot prepared in the step (1) in a resistance furnace, heating to 620-680 ℃ for melting, heating to 760-800 ℃, standing for 30-60 min, cooling to 715-725 ℃, carrying out refining treatment, and pouring after the temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃;
(3) carrying out solid solution treatment on the alloy ingot smelted in the step (2) in a heat treatment furnace, and then taking out and water-quenching to normal temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3) in a heat treatment furnace to prepare the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
According to the method, heat-resistant phase particles are precipitated in Al-Si-Cu or Al-Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying refining, the high-temperature coarsening resistance of the heat-resistant phase particles precipitated in the aging process is improved, the size of the precipitated phase particles is obviously reduced in the aging process of the alloy, and the density of the precipitated phase is improved, so that the normal-temperature and high-temperature mechanical properties of the Al-Si-Cu or Al-Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy are improved at the same time.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass percentage of Gd in the prepared heat-resistant aluminum alloy metal block is 0.02-0.2%.
Preferably, in order to reduce the amount of Gd burnt, in step (2), a commercial master alloy ingot other than the Gd-containing master alloy is added and melt-refined, and then the Gd-containing master alloy is melt-refined.
Further, in step (1), the commercial master alloy ingot comprises Al- (10-20) wt.% Si, Al- (10-20) wt.% Cu, Al- (2-10) wt.% Gd, and industrial pure aluminum, and other additive element master alloy ingots.
Further, the step (2) is preferably: placing the industrial pure aluminum prepared in the step (1), Al- (10-20) wt.% Si and Al- (10-20) wt.% Cu intermediate alloy metal blocks in a resistance furnace, heating to 620-680 ℃ for melting, heating to 760-800 ℃, standing for 30-60 min, cooling to 715-725 ℃ for refining, adding other intermediate alloy ingots after the temperature is stable, finally adding Al- (2-10) wt.% Gd intermediate alloy, and pouring when the temperature is stable again at 720 ℃.
In the step (2), the casting mold is a metal mold which is insulated for more than 3 hours at 250 ℃ or a sand mold at room temperature.
Preferably, in the step (3), the solution treatment is performed to dissolve Cu and Gd in the matrix, wherein the solution treatment is performed at 480 to 520 ℃ for 3 to 15 hours.
Preferably, the artificial aging treatment is to promote the precipitation of the Cu-and Gd-containing heat-resistant phase, and in the step (4), the artificial aging treatment is to set the temperature to 150-200 ℃, keep the temperature for 5-15 h, and then take out and air-cool to the normal temperature.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, (1) the preparation method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying can obviously improve the room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu or Al-Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy only by adding Gd with the mass percentage of less than 0.2%; (2) the preparation method provided by the application can obviously refine the aging precipitation strengthening phase particles, improve the number density of the precipitation phase, and improve the coarsening resistance of the aging precipitation phase particles at high temperature; (3) the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the method has higher mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature; (4) the preparation method of the material is resistance furnace smelting, the heat treatment process is solid solution and artificial aging, and the preparation process is simple.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
1. Composition design and preparation of alloy
The Al-Si-Cu containing heat resistant aluminum alloy is designed to have the composition of Al-12 wt.% Si-5 wt.% Cu as a base alloy, and 0.2 wt.% Gd is added to the Al-12 wt.% Si-5 wt.% Cu heat resistant aluminum alloy to prepare a Gd microalloyed high strength heat resistant aluminum alloy as a comparative alloy. The preparation of Al-12 wt.% Si-5 wt.% Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy under the same conditions is to reflect the influence of the addition of Gd on the Al-Si-Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy and is not within the protection scope of the invention.
A preparation method of Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an intermediate alloy block containing Al, Si, Cu and Gd according to the mass percentage of the designed components of the alloy;
(2) and (2) placing the industrial pure aluminum prepared in the step (1), Al-20 wt.% Si and Al-20 wt.% Cu master alloy metal blocks in a resistance furnace, turning on a power supply, heating to 720 ℃ for melting, heating to 760 ℃ for standing for 30min, cooling to 720 ℃ for refining, and after the temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃, placing Al-10 wt.% Gd and Al-10 wt.% Sr master alloy. The temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃ again for pouring, and the pouring mould is a metal plate-shaped mould which is insulated for more than 3 hours at 250 ℃;
(3) carrying out solution treatment on the alloy ingot smelted in the step (2) in a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to 510 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, and then taking out and water-quenching to normal temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3) in a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to be 165 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, taking out the alloy ingot, and air-cooling the alloy ingot to normal temperature to prepare the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
2. Characterization of Room temperature and high temperature mechanical Properties of the alloys
Quasi-static tensile property at room temperature and high temperature
Cutting the plate-shaped alloy ingot away from a pouring gate by using linear cutting to obtain a gauge length of 18mm and a cross section area of 3 x 3mm2The surface of the tensile test sample is polished to be flat by sand paper. Tensile test was carried out at room temperature and at 350 ℃ in a CTM5105 electronic universal tester (high and low temperatures), and the loading rate was 1.00 mm/min. At least 3 experiments were performed on each alloy group to obtain the tensile properties of the alloy at room temperature and at a high temperature of 350 ℃. The mechanical properties obtained in the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
3, experimental results:
after the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy smelted according to the designed components is subjected to corresponding solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the alloy at room temperature and 350 ℃ are obviously improved.
Example 2
1. Composition design and preparation of alloy
The Al-Cu-Si heat-resistant aluminum alloy is designed to have the composition of Al-4 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Si as a reference alloy, and 0.1 wt.% Gd is added to the Al-4 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Si heat-resistant aluminum alloy to prepare the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy as a comparison alloy. The preparation of Al-4 wt.% Cu-0.5 wt.% Si heat resistant aluminum alloy under the same conditions is to reflect the influence of Gd addition on Al-Cu-Si heat resistant aluminum alloy and is not within the protection scope of the invention.
A preparation method of Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an intermediate alloy block containing Al, Si, Cu and Gd according to the mass percentage of the designed components of the alloy;
(2) and (2) placing the industrial pure aluminum prepared in the step (1), Al-20 wt.% Si and Al-20 wt.% Cu master alloy metal blocks in a resistance furnace, turning on a power supply, heating to 720 ℃ for melting, heating to 760 ℃ for standing for 30min, cooling to 720 ℃ for refining, and after the temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃, placing Al-10 wt.% Gd master alloy. The temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃ again for pouring, and the pouring mould is a metal plate-shaped mould which is insulated for more than 3 hours at 250 ℃;
(3) carrying out solution treatment on the alloy ingot smelted in the step (2) in a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to 515 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then taking out and water-quenching to normal temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3) in a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to be 165 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, taking out the alloy ingot, and air-cooling the alloy ingot to normal temperature to prepare the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
2. Characterization of Room temperature and high temperature mechanical Properties of the alloys
Quasi-static tensile property at room temperature and high temperature
Cutting the plate-shaped alloy ingot away from a pouring gate by using linear cutting to obtain a cross section with a gauge length of 18mmProduct of 3 x 3mm2The surface of the tensile test sample is polished to be flat by sand paper. Tensile test was carried out at room temperature and at a high temperature of 300 ℃ on a CTM5105 electronic universal tester (high and low temperatures), and the loading rate was 1.00 mm/min. At least 3 experiments were performed on each alloy group to obtain the tensile properties of the alloy at room temperature and elevated temperature of 300 ℃. The mechanical properties obtained in the experiment are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
3, experimental results:
after the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy smelted according to the designed components is subjected to corresponding solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the alloy at room temperature and 300 ℃ are obviously improved.
Example 3
1. Composition design and preparation of alloy
The Al-Cu containing heat resistant aluminum alloy is designed to have the composition of Al-4 wt.% Cu as a base alloy, and 0.2 wt.% Gd is added to the Al-4 wt.% Cu heat resistant aluminum alloy to prepare a Gd microalloyed high strength heat resistant aluminum alloy as a comparative alloy. The preparation of Al-4 wt.% Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy under the same conditions is to reflect the influence of Gd addition on the Al-Cu heat-resistant aluminum alloy and is not within the protection scope of the invention.
A preparation method of Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing an intermediate alloy block containing Al, Cu and Gd according to the mass percent of the design components of the alloy;
(2) placing the industrial pure aluminum prepared in the step (1) and the intermediate alloy metal block with the content of Al-20wt. Cu into a resistance furnace, turning on a power supply, heating to 720 ℃ for melting, heating to 760 ℃ for standing for 30min, cooling to 720 ℃ for refining, and after the temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃, placing Al-10 wt.% Gd intermediate alloy. The temperature is stabilized at 720 ℃ again for pouring, and the pouring mould is a metal plate-shaped mould which is insulated for more than 3 hours at 250 ℃;
(3) carrying out solution treatment on the alloy ingot smelted in the step (2) in a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to 515 ℃, preserving the heat for 6 hours, and then taking out and water-quenching to normal temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3) in a heat treatment furnace, setting the temperature to be 165 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, taking out the alloy ingot, and air-cooling the alloy ingot to normal temperature to prepare the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
2. Characterization of Room temperature and high temperature mechanical Properties of the alloys
Quasi-static tensile property at room temperature and high temperature
Cutting the plate-shaped alloy ingot away from a pouring gate by using linear cutting to obtain a gauge length of 18mm and a cross section area of 3 x 3mm2The surface of the tensile test sample is polished to be flat by sand paper. Tensile test was carried out at room temperature and at a high temperature of 300 ℃ on a CTM5105 electronic universal tester (high and low temperatures), and the loading rate was 1.00 mm/min. At least 3 experiments were performed on each alloy group to obtain the tensile properties of the alloy at room temperature and elevated temperature of 300 ℃. The mechanical properties obtained in the experiment are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
3, experimental results:
after the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy smelted according to the designed components is subjected to corresponding solid solution and artificial aging treatment, the mechanical properties of the alloy at room temperature and 300 ℃ are obviously improved.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of heat-resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a heat-resistant aluminum alloy metal block containing Gd by using a commercial intermediate alloy ingot as a raw material;
(2) placing the commercial intermediate alloy ingot prepared in the step (1) in a resistance furnace, heating to 620-680 ℃ for melting, heating to 760-800 ℃, standing for 30-60 min, cooling to 715-725 ℃, refining, and pouring after the temperature is stable;
(3) carrying out solid solution treatment on the alloy ingot smelted in the step (2) in a heat treatment furnace, and then taking out and water-quenching to normal temperature;
(4) and (4) carrying out artificial aging treatment on the alloy ingot subjected to the solution treatment in the step (3) in a heat treatment furnace to prepare the Gd microalloyed high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy.
2. The method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass percentage content of Gd in the metal block of the obtained heat-resistant aluminum alloy is 0.02-0.2%.
3. The method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of a heat-resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), a commercial master alloy ingot other than the Gd-containing master alloy is added and melt-refined, and then the Gd-containing master alloy is added and melt-refined.
4. The method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of a heat resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the commercial master alloy ingot comprises Al- (10-20) wt.% Si, Al- (10-20) wt.% Cu, Al- (2-10) wt.% Gd, industrial pure aluminum and other additive element master alloy ingots.
5. The method for improving the strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy at room temperature and high temperature by Gd microalloying according to claim 4, wherein the step (2) is: placing the industrial pure aluminum prepared in the step (1), Al- (10-20) wt.% Si and Al- (10-20) wt.% Cu intermediate alloy metal blocks in a resistance furnace, heating to 620-680 ℃ for melting, heating to 760-800 ℃, standing for 30-60 min, cooling to 715-725 ℃ for refining, adding other intermediate alloy ingots after the temperature is stable, finally adding Al- (2-10) wt.% Gd intermediate alloy, and pouring when the temperature is stable again at 720 ℃.
6. The method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the casting mold is a metal mold which is kept at 250 ℃ for more than 3h or a sand mold at room temperature.
7. The method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy by Gd microalloying according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the solution treatment is performed by setting the temperature to 480 ℃ to 520 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 3 to 15 hours.
8. The method for improving the room temperature and high temperature strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy through Gd microalloying according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the artificial aging treatment is that the temperature is set to 150-200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5-15 h, and then the aluminum alloy is taken out and air-cooled to the room temperature.
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Citations (5)
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| JPH01108339A (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-04-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | Aluminum alloy for piston combining heat resistance with high strength |
| CN104561688A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-04-29 | 上海交通大学 | Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and gravity casting method thereof |
| CN106282685A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of high strength cast aluminum alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN106893911A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of high-strength temperature-resistant Al Cu line aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN109988953A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | High-strength and high ductility Al-Cu system cast aluminium alloy gold and preparation method thereof and railway locomotive components |
-
2021
- 2021-07-05 CN CN202110757988.6A patent/CN113528876A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01108339A (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1989-04-25 | Toyota Motor Corp | Aluminum alloy for piston combining heat resistance with high strength |
| CN104561688A (en) * | 2015-01-26 | 2015-04-29 | 上海交通大学 | Heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy and gravity casting method thereof |
| CN106282685A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | A kind of high strength cast aluminum alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN106893911A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-06-27 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of high-strength temperature-resistant Al Cu line aluminium alloys and preparation method thereof |
| CN109988953A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-09 | 中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | High-strength and high ductility Al-Cu system cast aluminium alloy gold and preparation method thereof and railway locomotive components |
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Application publication date: 20211022 |