CN113527656A - Double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, application and preparation method of lithium battery electrolyte - Google Patents

Double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, application and preparation method of lithium battery electrolyte Download PDF

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CN113527656A
CN113527656A CN202110597079.0A CN202110597079A CN113527656A CN 113527656 A CN113527656 A CN 113527656A CN 202110597079 A CN202110597079 A CN 202110597079A CN 113527656 A CN113527656 A CN 113527656A
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perfluoropolyether
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唐旭东
冯裕智
刘宇
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Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, which comprises the following preparation steps: reaction of double-end hydroxyl ethoxylated perfluoropolyether, KI, ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) to prepare double-end hydroxyl chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2OH; to PFPECH2CH2Adding N, N-dimethylformamide and SOCl into OH2Reacting to prepare the double-end hydroxyl chloroethyl perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2And (4) Cl. The double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether can be used for forming an electrolyte with lithium salt, and can be used for optimizing the stability and safety of the traditional lithium battery electrolyte, so that the stability of the lithium ion battery is improved.

Description

Double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, application and preparation method of lithium battery electrolyte
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery electrolytes, and relates to a fluorine-containing electrolyte solvent, in particular to double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, application and a preparation method of a lithium battery electrolyte.
Background
Lithium batteries, also known as lithium-ion embedded batteries, typically have a negative electrode of metallic lithium; compared with the traditional chemical power supply, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high working voltage, long cycle life, wide temperature adaptation range, small environmental pollution, no memory effect and the like. Currently, lithium ion batteries are widely used in various portable electronic devices, and also in emerging power and energy storage fields. In the process of charging and discharging the lithium ion battery in a circulating mode, metal lithium ions can be deposited in a lithium dendrite form, the lithium dendrite can grow continuously in the process of charging and discharging the battery, a diaphragm is pierced, the conditions of short circuit, heating, explosion and the like of the battery are caused, equipment is damaged slightly, economic loss is caused, and life is threatened seriously. The lithium battery is an indispensable rechargeable battery in our modern life, and while pursuing high performance, the safety problem becomes one of important factors restricting further development and application of the lithium battery, and the improvement of the safety of the lithium battery is not slow at all.
In commercial lithium ion battery products, the electrolyte has the characteristics of high activity, easy decomposition, flammability, explosiveness and easy volatilization. The existing diaphragm material has low ignition point, is easy to burn and decompose at high temperature, and is easy to ignite and even explode under the conditions of short circuit, overcharge, heating or scratching and the like. Mainly due to the use of flammable and toxic alkyl carbonates as solvents for the electrolyte, and the formation of lithium dendrites by non-uniform electrodeposition of lithium during long-term charge and discharge resulting in a gradual thickening of the Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) layer. The electrolyte is used as an important part of the composition of the lithium battery, and the modification of the lithium battery from the aspect of the electrolyte is a key factor for improving the stability of the battery.
Compared with the common electrolyte, the perfluoropolyether has the advantages of excellent chemical inertness, high decomposition temperature, extremely high oxidation resistance and the like. Meanwhile, fluorine has a strong electron-withdrawing effect, which is beneficial to improving the compatibility between the electrolyte and the active material, thereby stabilizing the electrochemical performance of the electrode, and the organic fluorine compound has high lightning, so that the hydrogen content of solvent molecules can be reduced and the flammability can be reduced by adding the organic fluorine compound into the electrolyte. In addition, the partially fluorinated ether can improve the flame retardance of the electrolyte, can also improve the electrochemical window and high oxidation stability of the lithium ion battery, and is a promising high-voltage electrolyte solvent. Z-PFPE (Z-type perfluoropolyether) is favored because of its advantages of wide temperature range, good lubricity, nonflammability, good solubility with lithium fluoride salts, and the like. Perfluoropolyether (PFPE-DMC) of terminal methoxy carbonate, which was the solvent of the electrolyte studied at the earliest, and the electrolyte composed of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) were able to exhibit a high number of lithium ion transfers. According to the performance advantages of the perfluoropolyether material, the invention tries to modify the end group of the perfluoropolyether and introduces the modified perfluoropolyether into the electrolyte to improve the relevant performance of the lithium battery.
Through searching, no patent publication related to the present patent application has been found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, application and a preparation method of a lithium battery electrolyte.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether is prepared by the following steps:
reaction of double-end hydroxyl ethoxylated perfluoropolyether, KI, ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) to prepare double-end hydroxyl chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2OH; to PFPECH2CH2Adding N, N-dimethylformamide and SOCl into OH2Reacting to prepare the double-end hydroxyl chloroethyl perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2Cl。
Further, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) hydroxyethylated double-end perfluoropolyethers H3PO4Reacting with KI in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to prepare PFPECH2CH2OH;
(2) Adding PFPECH2CH2OH and N, N-dimethylformamide, then slowly adding SOCl dropwise2Heating to react at 72 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) and rapidly stirring to effectively disperse the mixture to prepare the double-ended hydroxychloroacetoxyPerfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2And Cl or E10-Cl to obtain the lithium battery electrolyte additive.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of raw materials:
(1) hydroxyethylated double-end perfluoropolyethers H3PO4Heating and reacting the mixture and KI in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 8 hours;
(2) adding a 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into a reaction system, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out an upper-layer aqueous phase solution; adding ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane), and stirring quickly;
wherein, double-ended hydroxyethylated perfluoropolyether: h3PO4: KI: ethanol: proportion g of perfluoro (methylcyclohexane): g: g: ml: ml: is 20: 6.8: 9.8: 10: 20;
(3) then, dropwise adding a 10% sodium bisulfite aqueous solution with mass concentration to remove HI in the fluorine phase, converting the red brown color into light yellow or milky white color, separating a lower layer, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate;
(4) filtering and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain clear and transparent PFPECH2CH2OH;
2) Preparation of double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether
(1) Reacting PFPECH2CH2OH and N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, and then SOCl is slowly added dropwise through a dropping funnel2Heating and reacting for 6 hours at 72 ℃;
cooling to room temperature, adding methanol until no gas is generated; then adding 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out the upper aqueous phase solution;
adding perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) into the aqueous phase solution, and rapidly stirring to effectively disperse the mixture; then, separating out the lower layer fluorine phase, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate;
carrying out suction filtration and reduced pressure distillation on the obtained solution to obtain clear, colorless and transparent PFPECH2CH2Cl;
Wherein, PFPECH2CH2OH: n, N-dimethylformamide: SOCl2: proportion g of perfluoro (methylcyclohexane): ml: g: the ml is 20: 0.3: 7: 20.
the application of the double-end chloroethyl perfluoropolyether in the aspect of preparing the lithium battery is disclosed.
The application of the double-end chloroethyl perfluoropolyether in the aspect of preparing the lithium battery electrolyte additive is disclosed.
The application of the double-end chloroethyl perfluoropolyether in the aspect of serving as an additive of the lithium battery electrolyte.
The method for preparing the lithium ion electrolyte by using the double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) putting the chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether with two ends and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonimide) into a clean glass bottle in a glove box in a nitrogen atmosphere for sealing and mixing;
(2) taking out the prepared lithium ion electrolyte mixture from the glove box, and then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying box to be heated for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 110-120 ℃;
(3) and after heating, cooling the electrolyte to room temperature to obtain the lithium ion electrolyte.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether can be used for forming an electrolyte with lithium salt, and can be used for optimizing the stability and safety of the traditional lithium battery electrolyte, so that the stability of the lithium ion battery is improved.
2. The lithium battery electrolyte prepared from the double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether can effectively improve the conductivity of lithium ions and the thermal stability of lithium ion batteries.
3. The lithium battery electrolyte prepared from the double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether can effectively improve the electrochemical stability window of the lithium battery electrolyte, promote lithium ions to participate in electrochemical reaction and simultaneously improve the electrochemical stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the PFPECH of the present invention2CH2Cl/LiTFSI electrolyte (w)LiTFSI0.1) plot of chronoamperometry;
FIG. 2 shows Li/(PFPECH) in the present invention2CH2Cl/LiTFSI)/LiFePO4Typical charge and discharge curves of the half cell from C/20 to C/3 between 2.3V and 4.3V.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and not limitation, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The raw materials used in the invention are conventional commercial products unless otherwise specified; the methods used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
A double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether is prepared by the following steps:
preparation of a Hydroxychloroethoxy perfluoropolyether PFPECH by reacting a Hydroxyethoxylated perfluoropolyether (for example, manufactured by Sorwei, Italy), KI, ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane)2CH2OH; to PFPECH2CH2Adding N, N-dimethylformamide and SOCl into OH2Reacting to prepare the double-end hydroxyl chloroethyl perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2Cl。
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) hydroxyethylated double-end perfluoropolyethers H3PO4Reacting with KI in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to prepare PFPECH2CH2OH;
(2) Adding PFPECH2CH2OH and N, N-dimethylformamide, then slowly adding SOCl dropwise2Heating to react at 72 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) and rapidly stirring to effectively disperse the mixture to prepare the PFPECH2CH2And Cl or E10-Cl to obtain the lithium battery electrolyte additive.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of raw materials:
(1) hydroxyethylated double-end perfluoropolyethers H3PO4Heating and reacting the mixture and KI in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 8 hours;
(2) adding a 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into a reaction system, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out an upper-layer aqueous phase solution; adding ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane), and stirring quickly;
wherein, double-ended hydroxyethylated perfluoropolyether: h3PO4: KI: ethanol: proportion g of perfluoro (methylcyclohexane): g: g: ml: ml: is 20: 6.8: 9.8: 10: 20;
(3) then, dropwise adding a 10% sodium bisulfite aqueous solution with mass concentration to remove HI in the fluorine phase, converting the red brown color into light yellow or milky white color, separating a lower layer, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate;
(4) filtering and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain clear and transparent PFPECH2CH2OH;
2) Preparation of double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether
(1) Reacting PFPECH2CH2OH and N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, and then SOCl is slowly added dropwise through a dropping funnel2Heating and reacting for 6 hours at 72 ℃;
cooling to room temperature, adding methanol until no gas is generated; then adding 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out the upper aqueous phase solution;
adding perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) into the aqueous phase solution, and rapidly stirring to effectively disperse the mixture; then, separating out the lower layer fluorine phase, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate;
carrying out suction filtration and reduced pressure distillation on the obtained solution to obtain clear, colorless and transparent PFPECH2CH2Cl;
Wherein, PFPECH2CH2OH: n, N-dimethylformamide: SOCl2: proportion g of perfluoro (methylcyclohexane): ml: g: the ml is 20: 0.3: 7: 20.
the application of the double-end chloroethyl perfluoropolyether in the aspect of preparing the lithium battery is disclosed.
The application of the double-end chloroethyl perfluoropolyether in the aspect of preparing the lithium battery electrolyte additive is disclosed.
The application of the double-end chloroethyl perfluoropolyether in the aspect of serving as an additive of the lithium battery electrolyte.
The method for preparing the lithium ion electrolyte by using the double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether comprises the following preparation steps:
(1) putting the chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether with two ends and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonimide) into a clean glass bottle in a glove box in a nitrogen atmosphere for sealing and mixing;
(2) taking out the prepared lithium ion electrolyte mixture from the glove box, and then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying box to be heated for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 110-120 ℃;
(3) and after heating, cooling the electrolyte to room temperature to obtain the lithium ion electrolyte.
Specifically, the preparation and detection examples are as follows:
preparation of mono-and bi-terminal chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether
1. Preparation of raw materials:
(1) 20g of PFPE-E10H, 6.8g H3PO4And 9.8g of KI in a hydrothermal reaction vessel, and the reaction was heated at 120 ℃ for 8 hours.
(2) Adding a 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into the reaction system, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out the upper aqueous phase solution. 10ml of ethanol and 20ml of perfluoromethylcyclohexane are added and stirred rapidly to disperse the mixture effectively and reduce the degree of emulsification.
(3) Then, 10% aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution was added dropwise to remove HI in the fluorine phase, the reddish brown color was changed to pale yellow or milky white, and the lower layer was separated and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
(4) Filtering and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain clear and transparent PFPECH2CH2OH。
2. Preparation of double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether
(1)20g PFPECH2CH2OH and 0.3ml DMF in a three-necked flask, then 7g of SOCl was slowly added dropwise through a dropping funnel2The reaction was heated at 72 ℃ for 6 hours.
After cooling to room temperature, an appropriate amount of methanol was added to the three-necked flask until no gas was generated. Then adding 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out the upper aqueous phase solution.
20ml of perfluoromethylcyclohexane are taken and added to the aqueous solution, and the mixture is dispersed efficiently with rapid stirring. The lower fluorine phase was separated and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
Carrying out suction filtration and reduced pressure distillation on the obtained solution to obtain clear, colorless and transparent PFPECH2CH2Cl。
3. Preparing a lithium ion electrolyte:
(1) in a glove box in nitrogen atmosphere, putting the hydroxychloroacetoxy perfluoropolyether and LiTFSI into a clean glass bottle for sealing and mixing, wherein the hydroxychloroacetoxy perfluoropolyether in the lithium salt is not dissolved and needs to be heated to promote the dissolution.
(2) The prepared lithium ion electrolyte mixture was taken out from the glove box and then placed in a vacuum drying oven to be heated in vacuum at 110 ℃ for 12 hours. Wherein the mass fraction of the LiTFSI is between 10% and 50%.
(3) And after heating, cooling the electrolyte to room temperature, and then placing the electrolyte in a nitrogen glove box for storage.
Second, study the thermal behavior of PFPE/LiTFSI electrolyte
Electrolyte Td5%(℃) Tg(℃)/(K) η(PaS)
PFPECH2CH2Cl 223 -13.3/259.9 0.24
For PFPECH2CH2Cl/LiTFSI(wLiTFSI0.1) DSC analysis of the electrolyte, slowly heated from-80 ℃ to 80 ℃, PFPECH2CH2The Tg of the Cl/LiTFSI electrolyte was-13.3 ℃.
For PFPECH2CH2Cl/LiTFSI(wLiTFSI0.1) thermogravimetric analysis of the electrolyte, PFPECH2CH2The degradation temperature of the Cl/LiTFSI electrolyte at 5 percent weight loss exceeds 210 ℃, namely the Td5 percent is more than 210 ℃, and is 20-50 ℃ higher than that of pure PFPE liquid. This means that a part of TFSI-forms a protective layer to the PFPE main chain, and another part is that Li + forms a complex with oxygen atom to protect ether bond, thereby improving the thermal stability of electrolyte, i.e. increasing the decomposition temperature.
Third, electrochemical performance test
The invention adopts the die battery device to simulate the button battery to carry out the electrical property test of the electrolyte. The test results were as follows:
testing performance Data of
Impedance (ohm) 290
Ion conductivity (S/cm) 8.89×10-6
Electrochemical stability window (vs. Li/Li)+) 5.2V
Interfacial resistance Rin(ohm) 1598
Resistance to charge transfer Rct(ohm) 1398
Transference number t of lithium ion+ 0.87
The ability of the electrolyte to carry electrons was estimated by fitting the data of the electrolyte to VTF equations: the effective carrier number of the electrolyte is 6.2 x 10-3S cm-1K1/2The activation energy under load was 2.3kJ mol-1. In addition, measured by chronoamperometry and applied with a stabilization potential of 20mV at 25 ℃, PFPECH2CH2The current-time of the Cl electrolyte is shown in fig. 1. In PFPECH2CH2Initial interface resistance (R) measured in Cl electrolytein0) Is 807 omega/cm2Measured current density of 2.85X 10-6A/cm2And the expected initial current density (i) calculated by ohm's law0 *) Is 6.16 × 10-6A/cm2. After 7 hours, the interfacial resistance (R) was measuredins) Is 795 omega/cm2Current density of 2.70X 10-6A/cm2. Calculated PFPECH2CH2The lithium ion transport number of Cl (E10-Cl) can reach 0.87. The lithium ion transference number calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003091520980000071
using metallic lithium and LiFePO, respectively4As anode and cathode, Li/(PFPECH) was evaluated at 30 ℃2CH2Cl/LiTFSI)/LiFePO4Cycling test of half cells. According to typical discharge curves of C/20, C/10, C/8, C/5 and C/3, see in particular FIG. 2, the corresponding capacities are 166, 137, 121, 114 and 84mAh/g, respectively. Illustrating PFPE and LiFePO of lithium ion batteries4The cathode electrode has good compatibility.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed.

Claims (7)

1. A double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
reaction of double-end hydroxyl ethoxylated perfluoropolyether, KI, ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) to prepare double-end hydroxyl chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2OH; to PFPECH2CH2Adding N, N-dimethylformamide and SOCl into OH2Reacting to prepare the double-end hydroxyl chloroethyl perfluoropolyether PFPECH2CH2Cl。
2. The double-ended chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) hydroxyethylated double-end perfluoropolyethers H3PO4Reacting with KI in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to prepare PFPECH2CH2OH;
(2) Adding PFPECH2CH2OH and N, N-dimethylformamide, then slowly adding SOCl dropwise2Heating to react at 72 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling to room temperature, adding perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) and rapidly stirring to effectively disperse the mixture to prepare the PFPECH2CH2And Cl or E10-Cl to obtain the lithium battery electrolyte additive.
3. The double-ended chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
1) preparation of raw materials:
(1) hydroxyethylated double-end perfluoropolyethers H3PO4Heating and reacting the mixture and KI in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 120 ℃ for 8 hours;
(2) adding a 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution into a reaction system, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out an upper-layer aqueous phase solution; adding ethanol and perfluoro (methylcyclohexane), and stirring quickly;
wherein, double-ended hydroxyethylated perfluoropolyether: h3PO4: KI: ethanol: proportion g of perfluoro (methylcyclohexane): g: g: ml: ml: is 20: 6.8: 9.8: 10: 20;
(3) then, dropwise adding a 10% sodium bisulfite aqueous solution with mass concentration to remove HI in the fluorine phase, converting the red brown color into light yellow or milky white color, separating a lower layer, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate;
(4) filtering and distilling under reduced pressure to obtain clear and transparent PFPECH2CH2OH;
2) Preparation of double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether
(1) Reacting PFPECH2CH2OH and N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, and then SOCl is slowly added dropwise through a dropping funnel2Heating and reacting for 6 hours at 72 ℃;
cooling to room temperature, adding methanol until no gas is generated; then adding 2mol/L NaOH aqueous solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and pouring out the upper aqueous phase solution;
adding perfluoro (methylcyclohexane) into the aqueous phase solution, and rapidly stirring to effectively disperse the mixture; then, separating out the lower layer fluorine phase, and drying with anhydrous magnesium sulfate;
carrying out suction filtration and reduced pressure distillation on the obtained solution to obtain clear, colorless and transparent PFPECH2CH2Cl;
Wherein, PFPECH2CH2OH: n, N-dimethylformamide: SOCl2: proportion g of perfluoro (methylcyclohexane): ml: g: the ml is 20: 0.3: 7: 20.
4. use of a double-ended chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for the preparation of lithium batteries.
5. Use of a double-ended chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for the preparation of an additive for lithium battery electrolytes.
6. Use of a double-terminal chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 as an additive for lithium battery electrolytes.
7. A method for preparing a lithium ion electrolyte using the double-ended chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the preparation steps are as follows:
(1) putting the chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether with two ends and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonimide) into a clean glass bottle in a glove box in a nitrogen atmosphere for sealing and mixing;
(2) taking out the prepared lithium ion electrolyte mixture from the glove box, and then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying box to be heated for 12 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 110-120 ℃;
(3) and after heating, cooling the electrolyte to room temperature to obtain the lithium ion electrolyte.
CN202110597079.0A 2021-05-31 2021-05-31 Double-end chloroethoxy perfluoropolyether, application and preparation method of lithium battery electrolyte Withdrawn CN113527656A (en)

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