CN113527461B - 一种马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽rf-cath1及其应用 - Google Patents
一种马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽rf-cath1及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113527461B CN113527461B CN202110944844.1A CN202110944844A CN113527461B CN 113527461 B CN113527461 B CN 113527461B CN 202110944844 A CN202110944844 A CN 202110944844A CN 113527461 B CN113527461 B CN 113527461B
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- antibacterial peptide
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然抗菌肽RF‑CATH1及其在抗菌方面的应用。本发明的抗菌肽RF‑CATH1来源于马铁菊头蝠。通过检索马铁菊头蝠基因数据库，筛选分析获得抗菌肽成熟肽序列，其氨基酸序列如序列表中SEQ ID NO.1所示。通过对比分析，该天然抗菌肽RF‑CATH1与目前已知所有抗菌肽的氨基酸序列存在明显差异，属于一种新型抗菌肽。抗菌实验结果表明，本发明的抗菌肽RF‑CATH1对***、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌具有极强的抗菌活性，且杀菌作用迅速，此外具有溶血活性低的特点，可应用于制备抗菌、抑制细菌生长的药物、防腐剂、兽药、动物饲料以及化妆品中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种天然抗菌肽及其应用，更具体的说，涉及一种来源于马铁菊头蝠的天然抗菌肽RF-CATH1及其应用，属于生物医学技术领域。
背景技术
传统抗生素在治疗细菌性感染疾病方面取得了显著效果，但是近年来，随着传统抗生素在医学和养殖业等领域的滥用，微生物对传统抗生素产生了越来越强的耐受性，同时也出现了一些耐药性极强的超级细菌，微生物耐药问题已成为严重威胁人类健康的难题。一直以来微生物耐药性的应对手段是使用对耐药微生物尚未使用过的新的或者替代性的抗微生物制剂，而这种新的抗生素使用一段时间后，微生物会进一步对这种新的抗生素产生耐药性，因此这就需要持续开发新的抗微生物制剂。开发出一种新型抗菌机制药物是解决微生物耐受性问题的一个新方向。
抗菌肽是一种小分子多肽，对细菌、真菌、病毒和原虫等均具有杀灭作用。抗菌肽具有分子量小、结构简单、杀菌活性强等特点。大多数抗菌肽的杀菌机制是通过作用于细菌细胞膜上的磷脂双分子层，破坏细胞膜完整性并在细胞膜上形成跨膜通道，造成细胞内容物溶出而导致细胞死亡。这种独特的杀菌机制一般不易引起微生物耐药性。而且抗菌肽对哺乳动物正常细胞和组织一般没有毒害性，不存在残留问题，因此抗菌肽有望成为一种新型的高效的抗菌药物，具有广阔的开发应用前景。
发明内容
本发明目的是为解决传统抗生素的不足之处，提供了一种来源于马铁菊头蝠的天然抗菌肽RF-CATH1，另外提供了该抗菌肽的氨基酸序列以及其在抗菌方面的应用。马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1具有广谱高效的抗菌作用，对***、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌具有极强的抗菌活性，且具有分子量小、合成简单、溶血活性低的特点，可应用于医药、化妆品、食品保鲜和养殖业领域。
为实现本发明的目的，本发明提供了如下技术方案：
本发明中天然抗菌肽RF-CATH1是来自于翼手目动物马铁菊头蝠体内的一种抗菌肽，抗菌肽RF-CATH1由41个氨基酸组成，分子量为4641.32Da，等电点为10.16。氨基酸序列如序列表SEQ ID NO:1所示Lys Leu Gly Arg Trp Leu Gly Lys Leu Ile Gln Lys GlyGly Gln Lys Ile Gly Gln Gly Leu Glu Asn Ile Gly Arg Arg Ile Lys Gly Phe PheSer Asn Asp Glu Pro Arg Glu Glu Ser，所有氨基酸均为L-型。
本发明也提供了抗菌肽RF-CATH1的化学制备方法：
根据获得天然抗菌肽RF-CATH1成熟肽的氨基酸序列，用自动多肽合成仪(433A,Applied Biosystems)合其全序列，通过HPLC 反相柱层析脱盐纯化；用高效液相色谱HPLC方法鉴定其纯度，分子量测定采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱 (MALDI-TOF)，等电聚焦电泳测定等电点，用自动氨基酸测序仪测定氨基酸序列结构。
另外，本发明提供了马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备抗菌药物中的应用，将马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1作为唯一有效成分或者有效成分之一。
所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备抑制细菌生长药物中的应用，将马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1为唯一有效成分或者有效成分之一。
所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备防腐剂的应用。
所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备动物饲料添加剂的应用。
所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备化妆品添加剂的应用。
本发明的优点是提供了一种来源于马铁菊头蝠的天然抗菌肽 RF-CATH1以及其在抗菌方面的应用。抗菌肽RF-CATH1具有广谱高效的抗菌作用，且具有分子量小、合成简单、溶血活性低的特点，可应用于医药、化妆品、食品保鲜和养殖业领域。
附图说明
图1RF-CATH1的溶血活性。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
天然抗菌肽RF-CATH1的发现
1)马铁菊头蝠肺部组织总RNA提取：
①取100mg马铁菊头蝠肺部组织，放入研钵中加入液氮研磨成粉末，转移到EP管中，加入1ml总RNA提取缓冲液(Trizol，美国Life公司产品)，充分混匀，而后于4℃，12000rpm离心10min。
②离心取上清，加入0.2ml氯仿溶液，剧烈混匀，室温放置10分钟，而后以4℃，12000rpm离心10分钟，弃除沉淀。
③上清加入等体积的异丙醇，室温放置10分钟，以4℃， 12000rpm离心10分钟，收集沉淀用75％(V/V)乙醇洗一次，晾干，管底沉淀物即为武夷湍蛙皮肤总RNA。
2)马铁菊头蝠肺部组织cDNA二链合成：采用CLONTECH 公司In-Fusion SMARTerTMDirectional cDNA Library Construction Kit合成。
(1)cDNA第一链合成(mRNA反转录)：
①RNase-free的PCR管中加入1μl马铁菊头蝠肺部组织总 RNA、1μl 3’端一链合成引物(3’In-Fusion SMARTer CDS Primer) 和2.5μl RNase-free水使总体积达到4.5μl，混匀后短暂离心(2000 rpm，30s)，离心后于72℃保温3分钟；保温后再将离心管在42℃孵育2分钟。
②在上述离心管中加入以下试剂(均为CLONTECH公司 In-Fusion SMARTerTMDirectional cDNA Library Construction Kit建库试剂盒中配备)，2.0μl 5×第一链缓冲液、0.25μl 100mM DTT、1.0μl 10mM dNTP Mix、1.0μl SMARTer V Oligonucleotide、0.25μl RNase Inhibitor和1.0μl SMARTScribe Reverse Transcriptase反转录酶，混合离心管中试剂并短暂离心(2000rpm， 30s)，在42℃保温90min，然后68℃保温10min。保温处理后将离心管置于冰上中止第一链的合成。从离心管取2μl所合成的 cDNA第一链备用。
(2)采用长末端聚合酶链式反应(LD-PCR)方法扩增第二链 (所用试剂均为CLONTECH公司In-Fusion SMARTerTM Directional cDNA Library Construction Kit建库试剂盒中配备)
①将2μl cDNA第一链(mRNA反转录)、80μl去离子水、 10μl 10×Advantage 2PCR缓冲液、2μl 50×dNTP混合物、2μl 5’PCR引物、2μl CDS III/3’PCR引物以及2μl 50×Advantage 2Polymerase Mix在95℃预热的PCR管中进行混合。
②在PCR仪中按以下程序扩增：
95℃，1min；18个循环：95℃，15sec，65℃，30sec，68℃， 6min。循环结束后，将离心管中合成的cDNA双链－80℃保存。
(3)马铁菊头蝠抗菌肽编码基因克隆：
根据NCBI数据库中已提交的蝙蝠cathelicidins家族抗菌肽 cDNA序列的信号肽保守区域设计合成正向引物5-FCATH：5’ -ATGGAGACCCAGGGGGCCAGCCCG-3’，反向引物为CLONTECH公司In-Fusion SMARTerTM Directional cDNA Library Construction Kit中的3’-PCR引物，其序列为5’ -CGGGGTACGATGAGACACCAT-3’。PCR反应在如下条件下进行：95℃4min，95℃30sec，57℃30sec和72℃1min，30个循环。扩增完成后用胶回收试剂盒(天根生物)进行目的片段回收。将回收的目的片段连接到pMD19-T载体(Takara,大连)，转化DH5α感受态细胞。涂板并进行氨苄青霉素筛选，挑取单菌落用 M13引物PCR检测***片段大小。挑取阳性菌落，摇菌提取质粒，使用Applied Biosystems DNA sequencer,model ABI PRISM377 进行核苷酸测序。
将该基因序列用NCBI网站的blastX软件 (http://blast.st-va.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi？PROGRAM＝blastx &PAGE_TYPE＝BlastSearch&LINK_LOC＝blasthome)进行序列比对分析结果表明，该基因的编码产物可能为马铁菊头蝠cathelicidins家族抗菌肽前体。进一步将该基因编码的多肽前体序列用NCBI网站的protein blast软件 (http://blast.st-va.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi？PROGRAM＝blastp &PAGE_TYPE＝BlastSearch&LINK_LOC＝blasthome)进行序列比对，并与之前发现的其它动物来源cathelicidins家族抗菌肽序列进行比较分析，确定该抗菌肽成熟过程中酶切位点为-N132-V133-，从而获得该抗菌肽成熟肽序列 KLGRWLGKLIQKGGQKIGQGLENIGRRIKGFFSNDEPREES(氨基酸单字母简写序列)，命名为RF-CATH1。RF-CATH1与目前已知所有抗菌肽的氨基酸序列存在明显差异。
编码RF-CATH1的前体由174个氨基酸残基组成。序列长度为618个碱基。
实施例2
抗菌肽RF-CATH1的化学合成方法
(1)用自动多肽合成仪(433A,Applied Biosystems)合成 RF-CATH1的全序列，通过HPLC C18反相柱层析脱盐纯化。(2) 分子量测定采用常规基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱 (MALDI-TOF)法。(3)纯化的RF-CATH1用高效液相色谱HPLC 方法鉴定其纯度>95％，等电聚焦电泳测定等电点为10.16，用自动氨基酸测序仪确定其氨基酸序列结构与天然RF-CATH1一致。
实施例3：
抗菌肽RF-CATH1抗菌活性检测
(1)分别挑取保存于斜面上的试验菌株均匀涂布于MH固体培养基(购自青岛海博生物技术有限公司)平板上，将经过灭菌的 0.5cm直径的滤纸片置于培养基表面，滴加溶解于灭菌去离子水的 2mg/ml的RF-CATH1样品溶液10μl，于37℃倒置培养18-20小时，观察抑菌圈形成与否。若样品具有抗菌活性，则会在滤纸片周围形成清晰透明的抑菌圈，抑菌圈越大表明样品抗菌活性越强。结果表明，抗菌肽RF-CATH1对表1中列出的菌株种类均具有抗菌活性。
(2)采用2倍稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)：选择上述实验步骤(1)中具有抑菌圈的菌株进行MIC测定实验。将试验菌株接种到MH液体培养基(购自青岛海博生物技术有限公司)中，然后在培养箱中37℃振荡培养到对数生长期，而后用新鲜MH液体培养基将培养至对数生长期的菌株培养液稀释到2×105cfu/ml待用。
在无菌96孔板各孔中预先加入100μl MH液体培养基，然后在第一孔中加入100μl用MH液体培养基稀释到一定浓度的经0.22 μm孔滤膜过滤的的RF-CATH1样品溶液，混匀后取100μl加入第 2孔，依次倍比稀释，自第9孔吸出100μl弃去，第10孔为对照管。向各孔中加入已稀释好的菌株培养液100μl，然后将96孔板放置于培养箱中37℃缓慢振荡培养18小时，于600nm波长处测定光吸收。最小抑菌浓度为看不见细菌生长的最低样品浓度。结果如表1所示。
由表1可见，抗菌肽RF-CATH1对***、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌均表现出极强的抗菌活性，其中包括多种临床分离致病菌。其MIC值处于4.69-18.75μg/ml的范围。
表1 马铁菊头蝠抗菌肽RF-CATH1的抗菌活性
实施例4：
抗菌肽RF-CATH1的杀菌速度测定
大肠杆菌ATCC25922用MH液体培养基(青岛海博生物技术有限公司)在37℃培养12小时，然后用新鲜的MH液体培养基稀释成106cfu/ml的菌悬液。将溶解于灭菌的去离子水中的 RF-CATH1样品加入到菌悬液中，使终浓度为5×MIC(46.9 μg/ml)。将加入RF-CATH1样品的菌液放置于培养箱中37℃震荡培养，分别在0、15、30、60、120和180分钟取50μl菌液稀释1000倍，然后取50μl稀释的菌液涂布到MH固体培养基上，于培养箱中37℃培养过夜后菌落计数。本实施例中用氨苄青霉素作为阳性对照，灭菌的去离子水作为阴性对照。实验结果如表2 所示。
从表2中的对比可以看出，RF-CATH1的杀菌速度快于阳性对照氨苄青霉素，在60分钟内即可杀死所有细菌细胞，而氨苄青霉素需要120分钟才能杀死所有细菌。
表2抗菌肽RF-CATH1杀菌速度
实施例5：
RF-CATH1溶血活性的测定
将采集的新鲜C57小鼠血与阿氏液混合抗凝，生理盐水洗涤2 次并重悬成107-108cell/ml的悬浮液。上述稀释好的红细胞悬液与溶解于生理盐水的一定浓度的RF-CATH1样品溶液混合，37℃保温 30min，再于1000rpm离心5min，上清液于540nm波长处测定光吸收值。阴性对照使用生理盐水，阳性对照使用TritonX-100，溶血百分比按以下公式计算：溶血百分比H％＝A样品-A阴性对照/A阳性对照×100％。图1结果表明RF-CATH1浓度高达100μg/ml和200μg/ml时，溶血百分比分别为2.8％和5.2％，说明RF-CATH1对哺乳动物红细胞具有极低的溶血活性。
通过上述实施例可以看出，本发明中的马铁菊头蝠抗菌肽 RF-CATH1可通过化学合成的方式获得，该抗菌肽对***、革兰氏阴性细菌和真菌，其中包括部分临床分离致病菌均有极强的抗菌活性，且杀菌作用迅速。其次该抗菌肽具有分子量小、合成简单、溶血活性低的特点，可应用于医药、化妆品、食品保鲜和养殖业领域。
序列表
<110> 贵州师范大学
<120> 一种马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1及其应用
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Claims (6)
1.一种马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1，其特征在于，所述抗菌肽来源于马铁菊头蝠，由41个氨基酸组成，分子量为4641.32Da，等电点为10.16，其氨基酸序列表如SEQ ID NO:1所示，所有氨基酸均为L-型。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备抗菌药物中的应用，其特征在于：马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1作为唯一有效成分或者有效成分之一；所针对的菌株类型为***，革兰氏阴性细菌，白色念珠菌或光滑念珠菌。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备抑制细菌生长药物中的应用，其特征在于：马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1作为唯一有效成分或者有效成分之一；所针对的细菌为***或革兰氏阴性细菌。
4.一种如权利要求1所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备防腐剂的应用。
5.一种如权利要求1所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备动物饲料添加剂的应用。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的马铁菊头蝠来源抗菌肽RF-CATH1在制备化妆品添加剂的应用。
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