CN113522246A - 一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113522246A
CN113522246A CN202110782081.5A CN202110782081A CN113522246A CN 113522246 A CN113522246 A CN 113522246A CN 202110782081 A CN202110782081 A CN 202110782081A CN 113522246 A CN113522246 A CN 113522246A
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杨晨曦
张海欧
王健
郭振
卢垟杰
师晨迪
孙小梅
周航
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Shaanxi Land Engineering Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤;1)向干燥、粉碎后的农业废弃物中加入碱性溶液,搅拌,漂洗,收集固体,得羟基化的农业废弃物;2)在搅拌条件下,将疏水硅烷偶联剂滴入无水有机溶剂中,持续搅拌,得改性液;3)在搅拌条件下,将步骤1)所得羟基化的农业废弃物加入步骤2)配制好的改性液中,持续搅拌,过滤,漂洗,收集固体,干燥,即得水面浮油吸附剂。本发明工艺简单、基材可降解、具有高吸附性能与可重复利用性能且成本低。

Description

一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农业废弃物治理技术领域,特别涉及一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,石油污染和城市化进程日益严重,海上溢油及含油废水严重威胁水体与人类安全,为了解决这些漏油问题,燃烧、化学降解、吸附材料、分离材料等多种方法用于解决此类问题,其中吸附材料是去除含油废水的有效方法之一。目前吸附材料多集中于工业合成,如海绵等多孔材料,然而此类工业材料在实际应用中仍有局限性,例如合成的多数材料具有双亲性质,能够吸附有机污染物与水,不能选择性的吸附水面浮油,从而限制了材料的有效吸附率,此外工业合成的多孔材料具有难降解性,可能会为环境带来二次污染。
发明内容
为了克服现有水面有机污染及海面溢油问题,利用材料合成工艺制备出高吸附性能的吸附剂,解决现有制备方法中合成工艺复杂费时、成本高,且不易降解的技术问题,提供一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂及其制备方法,工艺简单、基材可降解、具有高吸附性能与可重复利用性能且成本低的特点。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂,由具有吸附性质的农业废弃物及表面疏水涂层组成。
一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤;
1)农业废弃物预处理;
向干燥、粉碎后的农业废弃物中加入碱性溶液,搅拌,漂洗,收集固体,得羟基化的农业废弃物;
2)改性液配制
在搅拌条件下,将疏水硅烷偶联剂滴入无水有机溶剂中,持续搅拌,得改性液;
3)羟基化的农业废弃物浸涂
在搅拌条件下,将步骤1)所得羟基化的农业废弃物加入步骤2)配制好的改性液中,持续搅拌,过滤,漂洗,收集固体,干燥,即得水面浮油吸附剂。
进一步的;所述步骤1)中,向干燥、粉碎后的农业废弃物中加入pH为9-12 的碱性溶液,碱性溶液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;农业废弃物为秸秆、菜籽粕、废弃木材或白刺籽粕的一种或几种组合;
在10-30℃下搅拌5-20min,使用中速滤纸进行过滤,用纯水与无水乙醇清洗,收集固体,得羟基化的农业废弃物。
进一步的;所述步骤1)中碱性溶液与固体废弃物之间的比例为1:20。
进一步的;所述步骤2)中,在搅拌条件下,将硅烷偶联剂滴入无水溶剂中,在10-30℃下持续搅拌5-20min,得改性液;
所述改性液中,硅烷偶联剂含量为0.5-2wt%、所述改性剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS);
所述无水溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或者几种组合。
进一步的;所述步骤3)中,在搅拌条件下,将步骤1)所得羟基化的农业废弃物粕加入步骤2)配制好的改性液中至完全浸没,在10-30℃下持续搅拌5-20 min,使用中速滤纸进行过滤,、用纯水及无水乙醇漂洗,收集固体,10-30℃下干燥,即得水面浮油吸附剂。
进一步的;所述干燥条件为1-30℃。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的水面浮油吸附剂,利用简单的改性工艺制备出具有疏水性的仅吸附油性物质的吸附剂,本发明使用天然农业废弃物作为基材,将废弃物进行资源回收再利用,使得基材易得,降低成本,且材料可以较为快速降解,表现出较好的环境友好性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
将晾干、粉碎后的菜籽粕粉末加入pH为10的氢氧化钠溶液,经过搅拌,漂洗等过程,收集菜籽粕粉末,得羟基化的菜籽粕粉末;在搅拌条件下,将 1wt%PDMS滴入乙酸乙酯中,在15℃下持续搅拌15min,得改性液;在搅拌条件下,将所得预处理后的菜籽粕粉末加入配制好的改性液中至完全淹没,在20℃下持续搅拌10min,过滤、用纯水及无水乙醇漂洗,收集固体,25℃下干燥。
实施例2
将晾干、粉碎后的菜籽粕粉末加入pH为11的氢氧化钾溶液,经过搅拌,漂洗等过程,收集菜籽粕粉末,得羟基化的菜籽粕粉末;在搅拌条件下,将 2wt%PDMS滴入乙酸乙酯中,在15℃下持续搅拌15min,得改性液;在搅拌条件下,将所得预处理后的菜籽粕粉末加入配制好的改性液中至完全淹没,在20℃下持续搅拌15min,过滤、用纯水及无水乙醇漂洗,收集固体,25℃下干燥。
实施例3
将晾干、粉碎后的秸秆粉末加入pH为10的氢氧化钠溶液,经过搅拌,漂洗等过程,收集菜籽粕粉末,得羟基化的菜籽粕粉末;在搅拌条件下,将1wt%PDMS 滴入乙酸乙酯中,在15℃下持续搅拌15min,得改性液;在搅拌条件下,将所得预处理后的菜籽粕粉末加入配制好的改性液中至完全淹没,在20℃下持续搅拌10min,过滤、用纯水及无水乙醇漂洗,收集固体,25℃下干燥。
实施例4
将晾干、粉碎后的秸秆粉末加入pH为11的氢氧化钾溶液,经过搅拌,漂洗等过程,收集菜籽粕粉末,得羟基化的菜籽粕粉末;在搅拌条件下,将1.5 wt%PDMS滴入乙酸乙酯中,在15℃下持续搅拌15min,得改性液;在搅拌条件下,将所得预处理后的菜籽粕粉末加入配制好的改性液中至完全淹没,在20℃下持续搅拌15min,过滤、用纯水及无水乙醇漂洗,收集固体,25℃下干燥。
本发明的疏水性使得吸附材料仅吸附有机溶剂而不吸附水,从而提高了材料的有效吸附率。此外可降解性避免了材料在使用过后带来的二次环境污染问题。
天然的农业废弃物由于其多为纤维素、木质素、半纤维素组成,因此其具有良好的可降解性能。此外,天然农业废弃物多具有多孔性能,因此其天然具有吸附性能。然而目前的天然农业废弃物在作为吸附剂方面仍具有局限性,例如其双亲性能限制了材料的吸附率。因此将农业废弃物改性为疏水性可以提高材料的吸附有机溶剂性能,从而提高处理水面浮油的效率。
实施例1中基于菜籽粕基材制得的水面浮油吸附剂的菜籽粕的最初结构,表面较为光滑,然而,在光滑的表面有较多皱纹,这种较为粗糙的结构提供了较高的吸油能力。菜籽粕基材表面涂覆的PDMS疏水涂层导致改性后材料的表面形态特征比菜籽粕基材粗糙,这种新型的改性吸附剂结合了农业废弃物的可降解性、吸附性和PDMS涂层的优点,有利于提高材料的疏水性/亲油性,使制备的材料具有高有机溶剂吸附特性,从而提高处理含油废水及海面溢油问题。
为了了解本发明制得的水面浮油吸附剂的吸附效果,利用实施例1、3制得的水面浮油吸附剂进行了以下测试。
实验例1
取实施例1制备得到的菜籽粕粉末样品2g,将其放入无纺布袋中后再放入表面含有浮油的废水,直至吸附达到平衡状态后将无纺布袋取出,吸附方程如式(1)所示:
Q=(Mt–Mi)/Mi (1)
Q为吸附量(g g-1),Mt为任意时间吸附量,Mi为平衡吸附量。
表1
Figure RE-GDA0003268623880000051
实验例2
取实施例3制备得到的秸秆粉末样品2g,将其放入无纺布袋中后再放入表面含有浮油的废水,直至吸附达到平衡状态后将无纺布袋取出,利用式(1)计算吸附量与吸附率。
表2
Figure RE-GDA0003268623880000061
实验结果表明,改性农业废弃物水面浮油吸附剂对于处理水面浮油污染问题效果良好。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制,对于本领域的普通专业技术人员来说,可以对前述各实施例所记载的具体技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所保护技术方案的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤;
1)农业废弃物预处理;
向干燥、粉碎后的农业废弃物中加入碱性溶液,搅拌,漂洗,收集固体,得羟基化的农业废弃物;
2)改性液配制
在搅拌条件下,将疏水硅烷偶联剂滴入无水有机溶剂中,持续搅拌,得改性液;
3)羟基化的农业废弃物浸涂
在搅拌条件下,将步骤1)所得羟基化的农业废弃物加入步骤2)配制好的改性液中,持续搅拌,过滤,漂洗,收集固体,干燥,即得水面浮油吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中,向干燥、粉碎后的农业废弃物中加入pH为9-12的碱性溶液,碱性溶液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;农业废弃物为秸秆、菜籽粕、废弃木材或白刺籽粕的一种或几种组合;
在10-30℃下搅拌5-20min,使用中速滤纸进行过滤,用纯水与无水乙醇清洗,收集固体,得羟基化的农业废弃物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中碱性溶液与固体废弃物之间的比例为1:20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,在搅拌条件下,将硅烷偶联剂滴入无水溶剂中,在10-30℃下持续搅拌5-20min,得改性液;
所述改性液中,硅烷偶联剂含量为0.5-2wt%、所述改性剂为聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无水溶剂为甲苯、环己烷、无水乙醇、乙酸乙酯中的一种或者几种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中,在搅拌条件下,将步骤1)所得羟基化的农业废弃物粕加入步骤2)配制好的改性液中至完全浸没,在10-30℃下持续搅拌5-20min,使用中速滤纸进行过滤,用纯水及无水乙醇漂洗,收集固体,10-30℃下干燥,即得水面浮油吸附剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于农业废弃物制备水面浮油吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述干燥条件为1-30℃。
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