CN113521635A - Pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof, wherein the pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent comprises 1-2.5 parts of pearl powder, 2-3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of white carbon black, 0.1-0.3 part of talcum powder and 0.2-0.5 part of dimethyl silicone oil. The fire extinguishing agent has the particle size of 10-20 microns, good fluidity and excellent fire extinguishing performance, can be used as a common dry powder fire extinguishing agent, has the characteristics of water-soluble fire extinguishing agent, can be prepared into a water-soluble fire extinguishing agent, adopts a dry powder or water-soluble fire extinguishing mode, can exert excellent fire extinguishing efficiency on combustible liquid and combustible metal, meets the requirements of special scenes, and reduces the storage and transportation conditions of the fire extinguishing agent to a certain extent.

Description

Pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents. More particularly, relates to a pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The Halon fire extinguishing agent can generate alkyl halide compounds in the using process, the alkyl halide compounds can seriously damage an ozone layer and cause ozone holes, after Montreal protocol is added in 1991 by the Chinese government, the regulations of national scheme for gradually eliminating substances in the ozone layer consumed in China are approved to be executed, and the production and the use of the Halon fire extinguishing agent are gradually stopped in China from 12 months in 2005. Therefore, various high-efficiency and environment-friendly fire extinguishing agents, such as foam extinguishing agents, carbon dioxide extinguishing agents, chemical dry powder extinguishing agents and the like, are sprayed into the sight of people. The fire extinguishing agent has good fire extinguishing performance, easy storage and small pollution to the environment, so the fire extinguishing agent is widely applied. Nowadays, the fire extinguishing agent is seen everywhere in home, business, industry and other places, the demand of domestic market for high-performance fire extinguishing agent is increasing day by day, and government departments are also popularizing environment-friendly and high-efficiency fire extinguishing agents vigorously, and developing novel high-performance fire extinguishing agents is reluctant.

The common dry powder extinguishing agent mainly comprises an active extinguishing component, a hydrophobic component and an inert filler, wherein the hydrophobic component mainly comprises silicone oil and hydrophobic white carbon black, the inert filler is various in types and mainly plays roles in preventing compaction and agglomeration, improving the motion performance of dry powder, catalyzing the polymerization of the dry powder silicone oil, improving the compatibility of the dry powder silicone oil and the inert filler, and the common application of the dry powder extinguishing agent at home and abroad is provided, for example, the fully silicified ABC dry powder extinguishing agent provided by the patent CN101485927 and the ABC superfine dry powder extinguishing agent provided by the patent CN108553787A, but the conventional dry powder extinguishing agent still has the defects of unstable moisture content and moisture agglomeration during storage, so that the extinguishing efficiency of the conventional dry powder extinguishing agent is influenced.

Compared with the common dry powder extinguishing agent, the water-soluble extinguishing agent can be dissolved in water, can generate a vitreous fluid body, can isolate oxygen and further improves the extinguishing efficiency of the water-soluble extinguishing agent, and the water-soluble extinguishing agent is prepared by taking inorganic salt with the extinguishing efficiency as a base material, adding additives (anti-caking agent, flow promoter and the like) for improving the physical properties of the inorganic salt, crushing and mixing. If the patent CN202011429357.3 earlier published by the inventor provides a water-soluble environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent, the water-soluble fire extinguishing agent has the advantages of high fire extinguishing efficiency, high fire extinguishing speed, excellent electrical insulation performance, convenient use, long storage life and the like, and can be used in a low-temperature environment.

However, no report is found on the water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent at present, and the research and development of the superfine water-powder dual-purpose high-efficiency environment-friendly fire extinguishing agent is a competitive technical difficulty for the research of novel fire extinguishing agents in the future.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent and a preparation method thereof.

The invention aims to provide a pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

1-2.5 parts of pearl powder, 2-3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of white carbon black, 0.1-0.3 part of talcum powder and 0.2-0.5 part of dimethyl silicone oil.

In the pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent, the pearl powder is a crystal which is in a beige-white structure and is in a flaky hexagonal shape, the particle size of the powder is generally between 7 and 14 mu m, the smell of the pearl powder is mild, the pearl powder has certain electrical insulation, the pearl powder cannot be combusted, and the high temperature of 800 ℃ can be endured. The pearl powder belongs to an inorganic compound with relatively stable chemical properties, so that the pearl powder can not be denatured due to oxidation and acid-base influence, and has no special requirements on storage, transportation and use. The fire extinguishing agent does not have toxicity and corrosion resistance, and completely meets increasingly strict environmental protection requirements.

The ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is a colorless transparent tetragonal crystal, the phosphorite resource of China is rich, and the use of phosphate in the fire extinguishing agent accords with the national situation of China. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate has certain water solubility, and simultaneously generates a vitreous fluid body to isolate oxygen so as to hinder the combustion, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is decomposed into ammonia gas and phosphoric acid when being heated, then the phosphoric acid is decomposed into pyrophosphoric acid at about 300 ℃, then the pyrophosphoric acid continuously loses water to generate metaphosphoric acid, and finally phosphorus pentoxide is obtained, the phosphorus pentoxide has certain stability, each step of reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the products generated by the decomposition can absorb free radicals to further inhibit the combustion.

Ammonium sulfate is a white or colorless crystal that dissolves when a certain temperature is reached, is soluble in water but not in acetone. When aiming at B, C fire, ammonium sulfate can be used as an auxiliary fire extinguishing component, which decomposes to generate ammonium bisulfate and ammonia gas when heated, and then generates ammonium pyrosulfate and water, wherein the ammonia gas has stable properties, and the two reactions are endothermic reactions, which absorb a large amount of heat, so that the combustion products are difficult to continue to burn. In addition, ammonium sulfate may chemically contact ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, which may increase the hygroscopicity of the dry powder.

The talcum powder belongs to a layered structure, and the structure endows the talcum powder with unique properties, and is characterized by having the characteristics of skid resistance, flow aiding and the like, so that the depression on the surface of the powder can be filled by adding the talcum powder into the dry powder extinguishing agent, the motion capability of the dry powder particles is obviously improved, the talcum powder is used as an inert addition component, is cheap and wide in source, has stable property, cannot react with other components, can control the bulk density of the dry powder extinguishing agent, and can be used as a crushing agent when being ground by using an agate mortar, so that the grinding efficiency is improved.

The dimethyl silicone oil covers a layer of polysiloxane on the surface of the dry powder particles, so that the fluidity, the anti-caking property and the anti-blocking property of the dry powder particles are improved; the added hydrophobic white carbon black can be adsorbed on the silicon oil layer, so that the bulk density of the silicon oil layer is improved, and the flowing of powder particles is facilitated.

Most preferably, the fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components by weight:

2.5 parts of pearl powder, 2.5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.15 part of white carbon black, 0.2 part of talcum powder and 0.3 part of dimethyl silicone oil.

The fire extinguishing agent with the above proportion has good performances in particle size, fluidity, fire extinguishing performance and the like.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent, which comprises the following steps:

s1, mixing pearly luster powder, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and talcum powder, grinding and drying to obtain first powder;

s2, stirring and heating the simethicone to 60-90 ℃, adding soap water, keeping the temperature and stirring for 50-70 min to obtain simethicone diluent;

s3, mixing the first powder and the white carbon black, adding the dimethyl silicone oil diluent, and grinding;

and S4, drying and cooling the material prepared in the step S3 to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.

In the preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent, the silicone oil is firstly diluted by the diluent to reduce the surface tension, so that the dispersion is easy, the dosage of the silicone oil is increased, the dispersion area is enlarged, and each layer of the silicone oil is uniformly dispersed to form a thinner dispersion layer.

Preferably, the volume ratio of the dimethyl silicone oil to the soap water in the step S2 is 1: 2 to 3.

The soapy water is prepared from soap and water according to the weight ratio of 1: and the mass ratio of 80-100.

Preferably, in the step S1, the grinding is performed for 30-50 min by using an agate mortar.

Preferably, the drying in step S1 is drying until the moisture content is lower than 0.1%. The moisture content is kept, which is beneficial to keeping the fire extinguishing agent in superfine powder.

Preferably, in the step S3, the grinding is performed for 30-50 min by using an agate mortar. Further, the slurry may be ground by a ball mill.

Preferably, the drying in step S4 is drying at 100-110 ℃ for 2-4 h. Under the drying condition, water and crystal water in the powder are ensured to be easily lost at a lower temperature (energy saving).

Preferably, the rotation speed of the stirring in the step S2 is 600-800 r/min.

Preferably, the simethicone diluent added in the step S3 is the simethicone diluent added at the temperature of 60-90 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent provided by the invention can play the fire extinguishing function of a common dry powder fire extinguishing agent, and also has the characteristic of a water-soluble fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent has hydrophilicity, can generate a vitreous fluid body to form a film to isolate air to achieve the fire extinguishing function when contacting water, can overcome the defect that the common dry powder fire extinguishing agent is easy to deliquesce, and reduces the storage and transportation conditions of the fire extinguishing agent to a certain extent.

2. The water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent added with the pearl powder has good performances in the aspects of particle size, fluidity, fire extinguishing performance and the like, has small average particle size and larger specific surface area, and is easier to exert the fire extinguishing performance. When the fire extinguishing agent is heated and decomposed, the reactions are all endothermic, the generated gas is stable in property, is nonflammable and does not support combustion, and the fire extinguishing agent plays a good fire extinguishing effect for flammable liquid and flammable metal.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of fire suppressant 4;

FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of the fire extinguishing agent 7;

FIG. 3 is an XRD spectrum of fire extinguishing agents 1, 3, 7;

FIG. 4 is a TG curve of fire extinguishing agent 4;

FIG. 5 shows the results of a contact angle test performed on fire extinguishing agents 1-4;

FIG. 6 shows the results of fire extinguishing tests performed on the flames of alcohol combustion and magnesium powder combustion with fire extinguishing agent 4 and fire extinguishing agent 7;

fig. 7 shows an aqueous fire extinguishing agent 4 prepared from the fire extinguishing agent 4.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. The starting reagents employed in the examples of the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, those that are conventionally purchased.

Reagents required for the experiment are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

The instruments and equipment required for the experiment are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

Example 1 Pearl powder type water and powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent and preparation thereof

1. This example provides several pearlescent powder type water and powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agents, the dosage formula of which is shown in table 3:

TABLE 3 quality of each component of the pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent

2. Preparation of pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent

S1, mixing pearl powder (the fire extinguishing agent 7 does not contain pearl powder), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and talcum powder, grinding for 30min by adopting an agate mortar, and drying in an oven until the moisture content is lower than 0.1% to obtain first powder;

s2, adding the simethicone into a 100ml beaker, placing the beaker on a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer, keeping the rotating speed of the stirrer at 700r/min, adding soap water (1 wt%) when the temperature rises to 80 ℃, and stirring for 60min under the condition of heat preservation to obtain simethicone diluent; wherein the volume ratio of the dimethyl silicone oil to the soap water is 1: 2;

s3, mixing the first powder and the white carbon black, adding the dimethyl silicone oil diluent, putting the mixture into an agate mortar, grinding for 30min, and stopping;

s4, putting the material prepared in the step S3 into an oven, drying for 4 hours at 100 ℃, and cooling to obtain the fire extinguishing agents.

Experimental example 1 laser particle size analysis

For the fire extinguishing agents 1 to 7 prepared in example 1, particle size analysis was performed using a laser particle sizer, and the particle size of each sample is shown in table 4:

TABLE 4 particle size of the samples

FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of a fire extinguishing agent 4, FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of a fire extinguishing agent 7, and as can be seen from the results of Table 4 and FIGS. 1-2, the median diameter (D50) of the fire extinguishing agent to which the pearl powder of the present invention is added is 8.853 to 10.11. mu.m, and in most cases, the median diameter is close to the average particle diameter, and a significant difference does not occur between them unless the particle size distribution of the samples is highly asymmetric, and therefore, the median diameter is taken as the average particle diameter of each sample, and the minimum particle diameter (D3) and the maximum particle diameter (D90) of each fire extinguishing agent are 1.211. mu.m and 27.73. mu.m, respectively.

The median diameter (D50) of the fire extinguishing agent 7 which is common dry powder fire extinguishing agent without adding pearl powder is 11.60 mu m, the minimum particle diameter (D3) is 1.858 mu m, and the maximum particle diameter (D90) is 32.17 mu m.

Therefore, the average particle size of the extinguishing agent added with the pearl powder is very similar to that of a common dry powder extinguishing agent without the pearl powder, but the average particle size of the extinguishing agent added with the pearl powder is less than 10 microns, and the extinguishing agent belongs to an ultrafine dry powder extinguishing agent, the extinguishing efficiency of the dry powder extinguishing agent is related to the particle size of dry powder particles to a certain extent, the smaller the particle size of the dry powder particles is, the larger the specific surface area is, the extinguishing efficiency is increased, on the other hand, the smaller the particle size is, the surface activity of the dry powder particles is increased, the adhesion and agglomeration among the particles are more serious, and the flowability and the spraying performance of the dry powder are greatly influenced.

Experimental example 2 XRD analysis

XRD test was carried out on fire extinguishing agents 1, 3 and 7 prepared in example 1, and the results are shown in FIG. 3, from which it can be seen that fire extinguishing agents 1 and 3 both contained NH₄H₂PO₄The diffraction peaks of (2 θ) are (101), (200), and (211) for the crystal planes corresponding to 16.64 °, 23.70 °, and 29.09 °, respectively. After doping the pearl powder, a new diffraction peak begins to appear, and when the doping amount of the pearl powder is 1g, the corresponding titanium oxide in the sample is TiO₂Three main diffraction peaks corresponding to crystal planes (110), (130) and (131) at 2 theta (20.39 degrees), 33.779 degrees and 45.92 degrees respectively appear; when the doping amount of the optical powder is 2g, the sample corresponds to titanium sub-oxide Ti₈O₁₅Three main diffraction peaks appear at 23.93 degrees, 29.27 degrees and 33.82 degrees, corresponding to crystal planes of (-1010), (-1012) and (022), and Ti₈O₁₅Belongs to anoxic titanium oxide, and the comparison shows that TiO is added with the increasing amount of pearl powder₂Gradually towards Ti₈O₁₅The reason for the transformation is TiO₂3d orbitals are shifted, and meanwhile, redundant electrons of the 3d and 3p orbitals of the Ti atoms form new energy levels due to the deletion of O atoms, so that Ti is formed₈O₁₅。

Experimental example 3 thermal analysis

Fire extinguishing agent 4 of example 1 was usedThe thermal analysis gave a TG curve as shown in FIG. 4, and it can be seen from FIG. 4 that the fire extinguishing agent 4 started to decrease in mass at 200 ℃ at which time ammonium dihydrogen phosphate started to decompose and generate ammonia gas, phosphoric acid, and ammonium sulfate decomposed into ammonium bisulfate and ammonia gas. At about 300 ℃, ammonium bisulfate begins to decompose to produce ammonium pyrosulfate and water, and the generated phosphoric acid begins to decompose into pyrophosphoric acid and metaphosphoric acid, wherein part of pyrophosphoric acid reacts with TiO₂The reaction produces titanium pyrophosphate. At 400 ℃, the decomposition of pyrophosphoric acid begins, and the decomposition rate is the fastest. After reaching 500 ℃, 54% of the sample remains, the thermal decomposition speed tends to be gentle, but mass loss still exists, the reaction carried out at the time is ammonia gas, nitrogen gas, sulfur dioxide and water generated by decomposing ammonium pyrosulfate, when reaching 800 ℃, about 27% of the sample remains, and finally phosphate and TiO remain₂And so on, titanium oxide.

EXAMPLE 4 contact Angle analysis

The fire extinguishing agents 1 to 4 prepared in example 1 were subjected to contact angle tests, and the results are shown in table 5 and fig. 5.

TABLE 5 contact Angle data for fire extinguishants 1-4

As can be seen from the results of fig. 5 and table 5, the average contact angles of the four fire extinguishing agents are 42.2441 °, 40.1274 °, 34.5077 ° and 30.2600 °, respectively, the average included angle gradually decreases with the gradual increase of the amount of the pearl powder, the angles are all smaller than 90 °, the fire extinguishing agents are partially wetted or wetted, the hydrophilicity is good, the test shows that the higher the addition amount of the pearl powder is, the better the hydrophilicity is, and the fire extinguishing agent can be used for preparing water-soluble fire extinguishing agents.

Experimental example 5 fire extinguishing test

Fire extinguishing tests were conducted on alcohol-burning and magnesium powder-burning flames using the fire extinguishing agent 4 and the fire extinguishing agent 7 (not containing pearl powder) prepared in example 1, and the results are shown in fig. 6 and table 6.

TABLE 6 fire extinguishing test parameters

As can be seen from table 6, the fire extinguishing agent 4 of the present invention has a better fire extinguishing effect on flammable liquid alcohol and flammable metal magnesium powder than the fire extinguishing agent 7.

In the figure 6, the conditions of alcohol combustion, magnesium powder combustion, after the fire extinguishing agent 7 (without pearl powder) is sprayed and after the fire extinguishing agent 4 is sprayed are respectively shown from left to right, and the observation results show that the fire extinguishing agent 4 and the fire extinguishing agent 7 immediately extinguish flames after contacting alcohol, and film-shaped substances can be formed on the surface of the alcohol, so that the fire extinguishing time is faster than that of the common dry powder fire extinguishing agent, and the re-combustion phenomenon does not exist.

When the fire extinguishing agent 4 contacts the flame of the magnesium powder, a large amount of smoke is generated and is accompanied by bright light, after the flame is extinguished, smoldering exists in the magnesium powder, but after 13 seconds, the smoldering phenomenon disappears; while the fire extinguishing agent 7 still has a flame at this stage, the fire source is completely extinguished in 17 s. The pearl powder fire extinguishing agent plays the roles of isolating and absorbing heat in the pearl powder fire extinguishing agent, and prevents magnesium powder and O in the air₂And CO₂In addition, the fire extinguishing agent 4 is easier to form a high-temperature-resistant high-valence oxide film, the channel of continuous combustion of the magnesium powder is cut off, and a better effect can be achieved on extinguishing the fire risk caused by the metal combustible.

Experimental example 6 fire extinguishing test of Water-soluble fire extinguishing agent

1. Mixing fire extinguishing agent 4 and water according to the ratio of 1: 8 to obtain a water-soluble emulsion, which is marked as the water-based fire extinguishing agent 4, as shown in figure 7, and as can be seen from figure 7, the pearl powder type fire extinguishing agent of the invention is easy to form a colloid emulsion in water solution.

2. When the water-soluble emulsion in the step 1 is adopted for fire extinguishing, the fire extinguishing effect of the water-based fire extinguishing agent 4 is almost equal to that of the fire extinguishing agent 4 in a dry powder state, but the extinguishing effect of the water-based fire extinguishing agent 4 is slightly quick when the flame of the magnesium powder is extinguished, and specific parameters are shown in table 7, which shows that the fire extinguishing agent disclosed by the invention can also realize a better fire extinguishing effect after being prepared into the water-based fire extinguishing agent, and the formed colloidal emulsion is favorable for forming an oxygen-isolating film during fire extinguishing.

TABLE 7 fire extinguishing test parameters

In conclusion, the extinguishing agent added with the pearl powder has good performances in the aspects of particle size, fluidity, extinguishing performance and the like, has smaller average particle size, larger specific surface area and is easier to exert the extinguishing performance compared with a common dry powder extinguishing agent (7), when the pearl powder extinguishing agent is heated and decomposed, the reactions are all endothermic reactions, the generated gas is also very stable, and is nonflammable and combustion-supporting, in addition, the pearl powder extinguishing agent has hydrophilicity, and when the pearl powder extinguishing agent is contacted with water, vitreous bodies can be generated to isolate air and hinder the continuation of combustion, and the extinguishing performance test shows that the pearl powder hydrophilicity exerts good extinguishing efficiency aiming at the flammable liquid and flammable metal of the extinguishing agent.

It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The pearl powder type water-powder dual-purpose fire extinguishing agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

1-2.5 parts of pearl powder, 2-3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 part of white carbon black, 0.1-0.3 part of talcum powder and 0.2-0.5 part of dimethyl silicone oil.

2. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing agent comprises the following components by weight:

2.5 parts of pearl powder, 2.5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.15 part of white carbon black, 0.2 part of talcum powder and 0.3 part of dimethyl silicone oil.

3. A process for the preparation of a fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

s1, mixing pearly luster powder, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate and talcum powder, grinding and drying to obtain first powder;

s2, stirring and heating the simethicone to 60-90 ℃, adding soap water, keeping the temperature and stirring for 50-70 min to obtain simethicone diluent;

s3, mixing the first powder and the white carbon black, adding the dimethyl silicone oil diluent, and grinding;

and S4, drying and cooling the material prepared in the step S3 to obtain the fire extinguishing agent.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the volume ratio of the dimethicone to the soap water in step S2 is 1: 2 to 3.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the grinding in step S1 is performed in an agate mortar for 30-50 min.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the drying of step S1 is drying until the moisture content is less than 0.1%.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the grinding in step S3 is performed in an agate mortar for 30-50 min.

8. The method of claim 3, wherein the drying in step S4 is drying at 100-110 ℃ for 2-4 h.

9. The method according to claim 3, wherein the stirring speed of step S2 is 600-800 r/min.

10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the simethicone diluent is added at step S3 at a temperature of 60-90 ℃.

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