CN113511640B - Metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite wave-absorbing particle and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite wave-absorbing particle and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN113511640B
CN113511640B CN202110580021.5A CN202110580021A CN113511640B CN 113511640 B CN113511640 B CN 113511640B CN 202110580021 A CN202110580021 A CN 202110580021A CN 113511640 B CN113511640 B CN 113511640B
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zif67
amorphous carbon
carbon composite
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CN113511640A (en
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李晓霞
王晓农
张敬岩
程正东
陈熠
解博
吴梦醒
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/20Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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    • H05K9/0073Shielding materials
    • H05K9/0081Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a monodisperse metal nano crystal-amorphous carbon composite particle with microwave band broadband absorption, which comprises the following steps: with Co (NO)3)2.6H2And (2) preparing a ZIF67 precursor by using O and 2-methylimidazole as reactants and water as a solvent, and carrying out heat treatment on the ZIF67 precursor prepared in the step 1 by using a carbon thermal device to obtain the ZIF67 derivative with the monodisperse metal nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particle structure. By adopting the method, the method for preparing the wave-absorbing material by carbon thermal impact MOFs can be completed within seconds, and the method has the advantages of simple process and reliable repeatability and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite wave-absorbing particle and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wave-absorbing material preparation, and particularly relates to a monodisperse Co nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particle for realizing broadband absorption in a microwave band and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Communication equipment brings convenience to life and brings increasingly serious electromagnetic interference. The microwave absorbing material can convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy or other forms of energy, and the development of the light, broadband and efficient microwave absorbing material provides an important way for solving the problem of electromagnetic interference. At present, the development of wave-absorbing materials based on Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) has achieved significant success, for example, in 2015, application material surface, stage 7, ZIF67 (2-Methylimidazole Cobalt salt) is reported as a precursor, pyrolysis treatment is performed in Ar gas, a Co/C compound with a polyhedral structure is derived, the thickness of the sample is 2.5 mm, the minimum reflection loss at 5.8 GHz is-35.3 dB, and the effective frequency bandwidth reaches 5.80 GHz. However, the electromagnetic and dielectric parameters of the wave-absorbing material developed by MOFs treated by the traditional thermal technology are limited to be regulated and controlled, and the wave-absorbing band width of the material is narrow, so that the practical requirement is difficult to meet. Therefore, the wave-absorbing material developed based on MOFs still needs to further widen the wave-absorbing frequency band. The effective mode for further broadening the electromagnetic wave loss is realized through the microstructure design of the material, such as the design and development of monodisperse metal nanocrystalline, the regulation and control of a metal-nonmetal interface and the like, so that the broadband absorption and the high-efficiency absorption are realized.
At present, the electromagnetic parameters of the wave-absorbing material developed based on MOFs are usually regulated and controlled through the heat treatment process of a high-temperature furnace, but the nano-scale metal particles are easy to agglomerate due to the slow temperature rise (< 20 oC/min) process of the common high-temperature furnace, the nano size of the nano-scale metal particles is difficult to control, and the monodisperse metal nanocrystals cannot be uniformly distributed on a carbon substrate, so that the interface density of metal-amorphous C is not high, and the interface polarization effect is not strong. Compared with a conventional high-temperature furnace, the journal of science in 2018 reports that a micron-sized heating furnace prepared from graphene oxide can accurately control the temperature through joule heat generated by current driving. The highest temperature can reach 3000K, the temperature rising and reducing speed can reach 20000 oC/s, and a far equilibrium state thermal process can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing monodisperse metal nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particles with broadband absorption in microwave band, which is characterized in that the method for preparing monodisperse metal nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particles comprises the following steps:
step 1, with Co (NO)3)2.6H2Preparing a ZIF67 precursor by using O and 2-methylimidazole as reactants and water as a solvent, and comprising the following substeps:
step 1.1, 0.1-0.3g Co (NO)3)2.6H2Dissolving O in 30ml of water to obtain a solution A;
step 1.2, 1-3g of 2-methylimidazole are dissolved in 30ml of water to be used as a solution B,
step 1.3, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, wherein the mixed solution becomes purple turbid, generating a ZIF67 compound, and standing for 24 hours;
step 1.4, treating the reaction product by using a centrifugal machine, removing supernatant liquid, and obtaining a purple precipitate at the bottom, namely a ZIF67 precursor;
and 2, carrying out heat treatment on the ZIF67 precursor prepared in the step 1 by using a carbon thermal device to obtain a ZIF67 derivative with a monodisperse metal nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particle structure.
Further, solution a in step 1.1 is a pink clear solution and solution B in step 1.2 is a colorless clear solution.
Further, step 2 comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1, using a stabilized voltage power supply as an energy supply, leading out two leads from the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply, and respectively connecting the two leads with two carbon cloths with specified sizes aligned up and down to form a heating loop;
2.2, putting a predetermined amount of ZIF67 generated in the step 1 between two carbon cloths for heat treatment;
and 2.3, setting the voltage amplitude of the stable voltage output of the voltage-stabilized power supply, the time length of voltage application and the repetition frequency so as to obtain the corresponding heating temperature between the two pieces of carbon cloth, keeping the heating temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the predetermined quantity of ZIF 67.
Further, the length and width of the carbon cloth in the step 2.1 are respectively 4cm and 2 cm.
Further, step 2.2 the amount of ZIF67 placed between the two pieces of carbon cloth of the carbon thermal plant is; 0.2-0.5 g of the powder is placed in each time.
Further, the voltage amplitude of the stable voltage output of the voltage-stabilized power supply is respectively 10V, 16V, 22V or 26V, and the corresponding stable temperature obtained between the carbon cloths is respectively 400 ℃, 700 ℃, 1000 ℃ or 1200 ℃.
Further, the length of time and repetition frequency of the voltage application in step 2.3 are 2 seconds of energization, 5 seconds apart, and 2 seconds of energization.
Further, the heat treatment process of step 2 is performed under an Ar atmosphere.
By adopting the method, the method for preparing the wave-absorbing material by carbon thermal impact MOFs has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation of MOFs by carbon thermal impact can be completed within a few seconds, and the method is simple in process, reliable in repeatability and suitable for industrial production.
2. The Co-C composite particles prepared by the method can realize broadband loss of more than 90% in a microwave band of 8-18 GHz, and can efficiently absorb microwaves.
3. The Co-C composite particles prepared by the method have the characteristics of light weight and good thermal stability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a rapid temperature rise carbon thermal device, which reaches 1122 ℃ instantaneously when the output voltage is 26V.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for rapidly heating and cooling MOFs by using a carbon thermal oscillation device, and is expected to prepare metal nanocrystalline-carbon composite particles with good dispersibility in a very short time, so that the loss of microwave band electromagnetic waves is improved.
The invention relates to a monodisperse metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particle with microwave band broadband absorption and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: a) preparing a ZIF67 precursor; b) and (3) realizing a far equilibrium state thermal process of rapid heating-cooling by using a carbon thermal device, and carrying out thermal treatment on the ZIF67 precursor to obtain the monodisperse metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particles. The composite particles have rich metal-amorphous carbon interfaces, can realize broadband wave absorption and strong wave absorption, have good thermal stability, can be prepared within seconds, solve the problems of high energy consumption, complex process and long time consumption of the traditional thermal synthesis method, and are suitable for industrial production.
A microwave band broadband absorption monodisperse metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particle and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) preparing a ZIF67 precursor;
b) heat treating the ZIF67 precursor prepared in step a) by using a carbothermic device to obtain the ZIF67 derivative.
Step a) with Co (NO)3)2.6H2O and 2-methylimidazole are taken as reactants, and water is taken as a solvent;
step b), a stabilized voltage power supply is used as an energy supply, two leads are led out from the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the direct current power supply and are respectively connected with two carbon cloths which are aligned up and down to form a loop, and ZIF67 is placed between the two carbon cloths for heat treatment;
the length and the width of the carbon cloth of the carbon thermal device in the step b) are respectively 4cm and 2 cm;
step b) placing ZIF67 between two pieces of carbon cloth of a carbon thermal device; placing 0.2-0.5 g of the mixture every time;
setting output voltages to be 10V, 16V, 22V or 26V respectively, and obtaining high temperatures of 400 ℃, 700 ℃, 1000 ℃ or 1200 ℃ on the carbon cloth respectively;
the heat treatment process of the step b) is carried out according to the steps of electrifying for 2 seconds-5 seconds at intervals and electrifying for 2 seconds;
the step b) of heat treatment is carried out under Ar atmosphere.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Aiming at the problems of narrow wave-absorbing frequency band, low absorption strength, complex preparation process and the like of the existing microwave wave-absorbing material, the invention provides a simple, convenient and feasible method for preparing the wave-absorbing material by using carbon thermal impact MOFs (metal organic frameworks), which is low in cost, and develops monodisperse metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particles to realize broadband absorption of the microwave band.
The invention provides a method for preparing a wave-absorbing material from carbon thermal impact MOFs, which comprises the following steps:
a) preparing a ZIF67 precursor;
b) heat treating the ZIF67 precursor prepared in step a) by using a carbothermic device to obtain the ZIF67 derivative.
Preparing ZIF67 from Co (NO) according to the above scheme, step a)3)2.6H2O and 2-methylimidazole are taken as reactants, and water is taken as a solvent;
according to the scheme, a stabilized voltage power supply is used as an energy supply in the step b), two leads are led out from the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply and are respectively connected with two ends of two carbon cloths which are aligned up and down to form a loop, and ZIF67 is placed between the two carbon cloths for heat treatment;
according to the scheme, the length and the width of the carbon cloth of the carbon thermal device in the step b) are respectively 2cm and 4 cm;
according to the scheme, the ZIF67 precursor prepared in the step b) is thermally treated by a carbon thermal device, and the thermal treatment process is carried out according to the steps of voltage application (2 seconds), circuit breaking (5 seconds) and voltage application (2 seconds);
according to the scheme, the output voltages set in the step b) are respectively 10V, 16V, 22V or 26V, and high temperatures of 400 ℃, 700 ℃, 1000 ℃ or 1200 ℃ can be respectively obtained on the carbon cloth;
according to the scheme, the heat treatment process in the step b) is carried out in Ar atmosphere.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of ZIF67
The preparation method of ZIF67 is as follows: mixing Co (NO)3)2.6H2Dissolving O in water to serve as a solution A, and controlling the ratio of solute to solvent to be 0.5: 100-0.8: 100; dissolving 2-methylimidazole in water to obtain solution B, wherein the ratio of solute to solvent is controlled to be 4: 100-6: 100, and Co (NO) is added3)2.6H2The ratio of O to 2-methylimidazole is controlled to be 1: 6-1: 9. Dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, and standing for 24 hours; centrifuging to obtain a purple precipitate at the bottom, namely ZIF 67;
EXAMPLE 2 carbothermic device Heat treatment ZIF67
The heat treatment comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) utilizing a stabilized voltage power supply as an energy supply (the output voltage is adjustable and is 50V at most), leading out two leads from the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply, respectively connecting the two leads with two carbon cloths aligned up and down to form a loop, setting the output voltage to be 26V, and placing ZIF67 between the two carbon cloths; heating and reacting under Ar atmosphere; the heat treatment process is carried out according to the steps of electrifying for 2 seconds-5 seconds at intervals-2 seconds;
EXAMPLE 3 carbothermic device Heat treatment ZIF67
The remaining conditions were the same as in example 2, and the output voltage was set to 22V.
EXAMPLE 4 carbothermic device Heat treatment ZIF67
The remaining conditions were the same as in example 2, and the output voltage was set at 16V.
EXAMPLE 5 carbothermic device Heat treatment ZIF67
The remaining conditions were the same as in example 2, and the output voltage was set to 10V.
Characterization of the ZIFs 67 prepared in example 1, ZIFs 67 did have the regular polyhedral morphology of the MOF material.
Example 2 the ZIF67 derivative prepared using a far equilibrium thermal process was a monodisperse Co nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particle having a Co nanocrystal size of about 5-20 nm, uniformly dispersed on a carbon substrate, and a number density of up to 3.5 x 1015/m2The sample exhibited a rich Co-C interface; and the selected area element analysis proves that the sample mainly contains C element and Co element, and the elements are uniformly distributed.
The ZIF67 derivatives prepared in examples 2-5 demonstrate that as the heat treatment temperature increases, the size of Co metal nanocrystals decreases and the degree of dispersion increases; the metal nanocrystals can not be obtained by low-temperature treatment, and the framework structure of the MOF is still reserved; therefore, the monodisperse metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite material can be more easily obtained through high-temperature rapid treatment, and higher interface density can be obtained.
The ZIF67 samples treated by carbon thermal shock had better thermal stability up to 1000 deg.CoUnder the condition of C, the mass loss does not exceed 30 percent.
The test of the reflection loss can intuitively know the attenuation capacity of the material to the electromagnetic wave, and the sample with the reflection loss lower than-10 dB can realize the absorption of the electromagnetic wave of the wave band by more than 90 percent. Compared with the reflection loss of the samples of the examples 1-5 in the 2-18 GHz band, the ZIF67 has no obvious loss enhancement when the thickness of the ZIF67 is changed in the 2-18 GHz band; the heat-treated ZIF67 derivative has obviously improved electromagnetic wave loss (RL < -10 dB), and the electromagnetic wave loss is enhanced along with the improvement of the heat treatment temperature. When the thickness of the sample is 3.2 mm, the reflection loss in the broadband range of 8-18 GHz is lower than-10 dB, and the lowest reflection loss can reach-50 dB, so that broadband and efficient electromagnetic wave loss is realized.
The constructed rapid heating carbon thermal device shown in fig. 1 has the output voltage of 26V, and the output voltage reaches 1122 ℃ instantly, so that a far equilibrium state thermal process can be realized, and a device foundation is provided for rapid thermal treatment of ZIF 67.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing monodisperse metal nano-crystal-amorphous carbon composite particles with broadband microwave band absorption is characterized in that the method for preparing the monodisperse metal nano-crystal-amorphous carbon composite particles comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a ZIF67 precursor by using Co (NO3)2.6H2O and 2-methylimidazole as reactants and water as a solvent, and comprising the following substeps
Step 1.1, 0.1-0.3g Co (NO)3)2.6H2Dissolving O in 30ml of water to obtain a solution A;
step 1.2, 1-3g of 2-methylimidazole are dissolved in 30ml of water to be used as a solution B,
step 1.3, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, wherein the mixed solution becomes purple turbid, generating a ZIF67 compound, and standing for 24 hours;
step 1.4, treating the reaction product by using a centrifugal machine, removing supernatant liquid, and obtaining a purple precipitate at the bottom, namely a ZIF67 precursor;
step 2, carrying out heat treatment on the ZIF67 precursor prepared in the step 1 by using a carbon thermal device to obtain a ZIF67 derivative with a monodisperse metal nanocrystal-amorphous carbon composite particle structure;
the heat treatment using a carbothermic device comprises the following substeps:
step 2.1, using a stabilized voltage power supply as an energy supply, leading out two leads from the anode and the cathode of a direct current power supply, and respectively connecting the two leads with two carbon cloths with specified sizes aligned up and down to form a heating loop;
2.2, putting a predetermined amount of ZIF67 generated in the step 1 between two carbon cloths for heat treatment;
and 2.3, setting the voltage amplitude of the stable voltage output of the voltage-stabilized power supply, the time length of voltage application and the repetition frequency so as to obtain the corresponding heating temperature between the two pieces of carbon cloth, keeping the heating temperature constant, and carrying out heat treatment on the predetermined quantity of ZIF 67.
2. The method for preparing monodisperse metallic nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particles according to claim 1, wherein the length and width of the carbon cloth in step 2.1 are 4cm and 2cm, respectively.
3. The method for preparing monodisperse metallic nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particle according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2.2 the number of ZIFs 67 placed between two carbon cloths of the carbon thermal device is; 0.2-0.5 g of the powder is placed in each time.
4. The monodisperse metal nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particle for microwave-band broadband absorption and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the voltage amplitude of the stabilized voltage output of the voltage-stabilized power supply is 10V, 16V, 22V or 26V, respectively, and the corresponding stabilized temperature obtained between carbon cloths is 400 ℃, 700 ℃, 1000 ℃ or 1200 ℃ respectively.
5. The method for preparing monodisperse metallic nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particles according to claim 1, wherein the length of time and repetition frequency of the voltage application in step 2.3 are 2 seconds of energization, 5 seconds apart, and 2 seconds of energization.
6. The method for preparing monodisperse metallic nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particles according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment process of step 2 is performed under an Ar atmosphere.
7. The method for preparing monodisperse metallic nanocrystalline-amorphous carbon composite particles according to claim 1, wherein solution a in step 1.1 is a pink clear solution and solution B in step 1.2 is a colorless transparent solution.
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