CN113509918B - Preparation method of heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources - Google Patents
Preparation method of heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources such as salt lake brine, seawater, underground water and the like. The adsorbent particles are prepared by taking a water-absorbing polymer as a carrier, adding a heteropolyacid salt ionic sieve, ammonium phosphomolybdate, ammonium phosphotungstate, arsenic molybdate, silicon molybdate and the like with high load capacity in a secondary crosslinking mode, and are simple in preparation process and suitable for industrial production. The prepared adsorbent particles have the characteristics of high elasticity, porosity, high water absorption, good permeability and the like. The resin matrix resists strong acid, strong base and high salt environments, the polyhydroxy structure on the surface of the matrix can effectively adsorb adsorbent particles, the dissolution loss rate is effectively reduced, the resin matrix can be applied to extracting rubidium and cesium elements in salt lake original brine, old brine, seawater and underground water resources, and meanwhile, the high-strength corrosion-resistant matrix is suitable for an industrial adsorption column process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for extracting a liquid rubidium and cesium resource.
Background
Rubidium, cesium and compounds thereof have excellent photoelectric characteristics and are widely applied to the fields of materials, energy sources and the like. Has important significance in economy and strategy as an important rare precious metal resource. At present, the industrial production of rubidium and cesium mainly aims at mining solid ores, but the extraction process is complex and the energy consumption is high. The contents of rubidium and cesium in salt lake brine or potassium salt plant tail liquid, lithium extraction tail liquid, well drilling underground water and the like in the Qinghai, Tibet and other places in China are high, and the method has high exploitation value. At present, the technology for extracting lithium from liquid rubidium and cesium resources such as salt lakes mainly comprises a medium solvent extraction method, a precipitation method and an adsorption method. The precipitation method mainly comprises the precipitation separation of rubidium ions, cesium ions, heteropoly acid, complex acid salt, polyhalide and alum. The solvent extraction method is simultaneously suitable for brine systems with various lithium contents, crown ether, phenol alcohol reagents, biternamine and derivatives thereof, boride and the like can be used as extracting agents to separate rubidium and cesium, but the method has high requirements on equipment corrosion resistance, the extraction and back extraction process flow is complex, and the used organic reagents can pollute the environment. The adsorption method is suitable for separating and extracting lithium from a low-grade system, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, high extraction purity, short flow, good effect, high recovery rate and the like.
The heteropolyacid salts such as ammonium phosphomolybdate, ammonium phosphotungstate and the like have good ion exchange performance and larger adsorption capacity, but the fine powder of the heteropolyacid salts is of a microcrystalline structure, has small particles and poor water permeability and cannot be operated on an ion exchange column. Therefore, the adsorbent powder is bonded together by various methods to be made into granules, adsorption and desorption operations are carried out after column packing, and the binder needs to be acid-resistant at the same time.
Chinese patent CN107130111A discloses a method for separating and extracting rubidium and cesium from coal mine water, wherein sodium alginate is used as a binder to granulate ammonium phosphomolybdate, and aqueous solution of nitric acid and hydrobromic acid is used to desorb rubidium ions, but the adsorbent particles using natural polysaccharides such as sodium alginate as carriers are low in strength, easy to break, slow in hydrolytic deterioration, low in strength and easy to break, and after multiple adsorption and desorption cycles of slow hydrolytic deterioration, the cross-linking agent calcium ions are dissolved out, and the adsorbent particles are swelled. Chinese patent CN106975470A discloses a method for loading ammonium phosphomolybdate, which comprises dispersing a nano carbon material in deionized water by ultrasound, adding ammonium molybdate and phosphoric acid under mechanical stirring, growing ammonium phosphomolybdate crystals in situ on the nano carbon material, and filling the crystals in a foamed polyurethane sponge to form a composite material. Therefore, the preparation method simultaneously satisfies the requirements of an adsorbent granulation mode with large loading capacity, porous structure, high strength, acid and alkali resistance and low dissolution loss rate, and has wide application prospect.
The above prior art has the following disadvantages;
1. the adsorbent particles prepared from materials such as sodium alginate and the like have low strength, are easy to break and are slowly hydrolyzed and deteriorated, and calcium ions serving as a cross-linking agent can swell after being dissolved out;
2. the heteropoly acid adsorbent prepared in an in-situ crystallization mode is complex in preparation process and low in loading capacity;
3. the adsorbent particles have poor water permeability, poor acid and alkali resistance and slow adsorption process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles aiming at liquid rubidium and cesium resources such as salt lakes, underground water, lithium extraction tail liquid, potash fertilizer plant tail liquid and the like. The adsorbent particles with large loading capacity, porous structure, high strength, corrosion resistance and low dissolution loss rate are prepared by granulating the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent and the like. Meanwhile, the water-absorbing polymer has a strong adsorption effect on inorganic adsorbent particles, and the adsorbent loss caused by water flow scouring is effectively reduced.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method of preparing a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium-cesium resource extraction, the method being:
adding the adsorption powder into the first polymer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; immersing the first mixture into a first cross-linking agent aqueous solution for primary cross-linking to obtain a second mixture; in the primary crosslinking process, hydroxyl in the first polymer is crosslinked with boric acid in a first crosslinking agent; the carboxyl in the first polymer is crosslinked with the polyvalent metal ions in the first crosslinking agent;
granulating and drying the second mixture to obtain dried granules, wherein the distance between polymer molecules is shortened in the drying process, and the free volume is reduced to carry out secondary crosslinking;
immersing the dried particles into a second cross-linking agent for secondary cross-linking to obtain heteropoly acid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles; in the secondary crosslinking process, the boric acid in a crosslinking state is hydrolyzed in the second crosslinking agent, the boric acid is dissolved again, and the hydroxyl in the crosslinking state is released; the polyvalent metal ions exist stably in the second cross-linking agent, and the second cross-linking agent and the hydroxyl and/or carboxyl in the first polymer are subjected to secondary cross-linking to form a stable cross-linked structure;
or the like, or a combination thereof,
adding the adsorption powder into a mixed polymer solution consisting of a first polymer solution and a second polymer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; immersing the first mixture into a first cross-linking agent aqueous solution for primary cross-linking to obtain a second mixture; in the primary crosslinking process, hydroxyl in the first polymer is crosslinked with boric acid in a first crosslinking agent; the carboxyl in the first polymer is crosslinked with the polyvalent metal ions in the first crosslinking agent; the carboxyl in the second polymer is crosslinked with the polyvalent metal ion in the first crosslinking agent; granulating and drying the second mixture to obtain dried granules, wherein the distance between polymer molecules is shortened in the drying process, and the free volume is reduced to carry out secondary crosslinking; immersing the dried particles into a second cross-linking agent for secondary cross-linking to obtain heteropoly acid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles; in the secondary crosslinking process, the boric acid in a crosslinking state is hydrolyzed in the second crosslinking agent, the boric acid is dissolved again, and the hydroxyl in the crosslinking state is released; the polyvalent metal ions exist stably in the second cross-linking agent, and the second cross-linking agent and the hydroxyl and/or carboxyl in the mixed polymer are subjected to secondary cross-linking to form a stable cross-linked structure;
or the like, or, alternatively,
adding the adsorption powder into a mixed polymer solution consisting of a first polymer solution, a second polymer solution and a third polymer solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; immersing the first mixture into a first cross-linking agent aqueous solution for primary cross-linking to obtain a second mixture; in the primary crosslinking process, hydroxyl in the first polymer is crosslinked with boric acid in a first crosslinking agent; the carboxyl in the first polymer is crosslinked with the polyvalent metal ions in the first crosslinking agent; the carboxyl in the second polymer is crosslinked with the polyvalent metal ion in the first crosslinking agent; the carboxyl in the third polymer is crosslinked with the multivalent metal ion in the first crosslinking agent; granulating and drying the second mixture to obtain dried particles, and immersing the dried particles into a second cross-linking agent for secondary cross-linking to obtain heteropoly acid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles; in the secondary crosslinking process, the boric acid in a crosslinking state is hydrolyzed in the second crosslinking agent, the boric acid is dissolved again, and the hydroxyl in the crosslinking state is released; the polyvalent metal ions exist stably in the second cross-linking agent, and the second cross-linking agent and the hydroxyl and/or carboxyl in the mixed polymer are subjected to secondary cross-linking to form a stable cross-linked structure;
the adsorbent powder is a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent.
A preparation method of a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium and cesium resource extraction comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding adsorbent powder into a polymer mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; the mass ratio of the adsorbent powder to the polymer mixed solution is 1 (2-20);
the adsorbent powder is a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent, and the particle size is 200-1500 meshes;
the polymer mixed solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-90 parts of a first polymer solution, 0-40 parts of a second polymer solution and 0-10 parts of a third polymer solution;
the first polymer solution is 1-50 wt% aqueous solution of polyhydroxy and polycarboxyl-containing polymer, preferably 1-20 wt%;
the second polymer solution is 1-50 wt% of aqueous solution of long carbon chain-containing polymer, preferably 1-10 wt%, and the aqueous solution of the second polymer has high viscosity and more carboxyl, amino and other groups;
the third polymer solution is 1-50 wt% of water solution containing natural polysaccharide polymer, preferably 1-10 wt%; natural polysaccharide compounds for extracting autobotanic plants;
step 2, immersing the first mixture obtained in the step 1 into a first cross-linking agent aqueous solution for primary cross-linking, and obtaining a second mixture after cross-linking solidification;
the first cross-linking agent is a mixture of at least one of boric acid or borax and soluble multivalent metal salt; the soluble multivalent metal salt is at least one of soluble ferric salt, soluble aluminum salt, soluble calcium salt, soluble magnesium salt, soluble zinc salt, soluble strontium salt or soluble barium salt;
step 3, granulating the second mixture, and drying to obtain dried particles;
the temperature in the drying process is 30-100 ℃, and the time in the drying process is 12-24 hours;
step 4, immersing the dried particles into a second cross-linking agent for secondary cross-linking, wherein the time of the secondary cross-linking is 12-72 hours, and the temperature of the secondary cross-linking is 25-80 ℃; washing the solid particles obtained after secondary crosslinking to obtain the heteropoly acid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting the liquid rubidium and cesium resources;
the second crosslinking agent is a coupling agent solution.
In the above technical scheme, the first polymer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer, polyacrylic acid, hyperbranched polyol, polyester polyol, and isocyanate.
In the above technical scheme, the second polymer is one or more of isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, and polyethylene oxide.
In the above technical scheme, the third polymer is one or more of chitosan, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose, guar gum and soluble starch.
In the above technical solution, in the step 2, the first mixture and the first cross-linking agent powder or the first cross-linking agent solution are uniformly mixed;
the first cross-linking agent powder is powder formed by uniformly mixing at least one of boric acid and borax with soluble multivalent metal salt, wherein the soluble multivalent metal salt is at least one of soluble ferric salt, soluble aluminum salt, soluble calcium salt, soluble magnesium salt, soluble zinc salt, soluble strontium salt or soluble barium salt;
the first cross-linking agent solution is a solution obtained by dissolving a mixture of at least one of boric acid or borax and soluble multivalent metal salt in water, and the soluble multivalent metal salt is at least one of soluble ferric salt, soluble aluminum salt, soluble calcium salt, soluble magnesium salt, soluble zinc salt, soluble strontium salt or soluble barium salt.
In the above technical scheme, in the step 3, an extrusion granulation mode is adopted in the granulation process, the particle size is 1-5 mm, and the preferable particle size is 1-3 mm.
In the above technical scheme, the second crosslinking agent is a coupling agent aqueous dispersion; the coupling agent aqueous dispersion is one or more of silane coupling agent aqueous dispersion, aluminate coupling agent aqueous dispersion and phthalate coupling agent aqueous dispersion; the amount of the coupling agent in the coupling agent water dispersion liquid is 1.2-2.0 times of the weight of the dried particles.
In the above technical solution, the preparation method of the polymer mixed solution comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, dissolving the first polymer in water to obtain a first polymer solution, wherein the concentration of the first polymer solution is 1-50 wt%;
step 1.2, dissolving the second polymer in water to obtain a second polymer solution, wherein the concentration of the second polymer solution is 1-50 wt%;
step 1.3, dissolving the third polymer in water to obtain a third polymer solution, wherein the concentration of the third polymer solution is 1-50 wt%;
step 1.4, mixing the first polymer solution, the second polymer solution and the third polymer solution to obtain a polymer mixed solution;
the first polymer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer, polyacrylic acid, hyperbranched polyol, polyester polyol and isocyanate;
the second polymer is one or more of isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide;
the third polymer is one or more of chitosan, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose, guar gum and soluble starch.
In the above technical scheme, the step 1.4 adopts a high-speed stirrer or a grinder to mix.
In the technical scheme, the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent is one or more of ammonium phosphomolybdate, ammonium phosphotungstate, arsenic molybdate, silicomolybdate, titanosilicate and hexagonal tungsten trioxide.
In the above technical solution, the storage environment of the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting the liquid rubidium and cesium resource is a solution or brine with a salt content of more than 5%. The salt does not need to be of the specified type, and various salt solutions can meet the requirement, wherein the salt concentration needs to be more than 5%, and the adsorbent particles can be hydrolyzed and damaged when the concentration is lower than the value, so that the particles cannot be stored in clean water).
In the above technical solution, the desorbent of the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting the liquid rubidium and cesium resource is an ammonium salt solution or an acid-containing ammonium salt solution, and the content of the ammonium salt in the desorbent is more than 5 wt%.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention discloses a preparation method of a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources such as salt lake brine, seawater, underground water and the like. The adsorbent particles are prepared by taking a water-absorbing polymer as a carrier, adding heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent powder such as ammonium phosphomolybdate, ammonium phosphotungstate, arsenic molybdate, silicon molybdate and the like in high load capacity and performing secondary crosslinking, and the preparation process is simple and is suitable for industrial production. The prepared manganese-based titanium adsorbent particles have the characteristics of large loading capacity, high elasticity, low dissolution loss rate, porosity, high water absorption, good permeability and the like.
The first polymer is one or a mixture of more than two of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer, polyacrylic acid, hyperbranched polyol, polyester polyol and isocyanate; the first polymer is a polymer containing polyhydroxy and polycarboxyl, the functions of the carboxyl and the hydroxyl (1) boric acid in the first cross-linking agent can be cross-linked with the hydroxyl, the carboxyl can be cross-linked with polyvalent metal ions, and viscous polymer liquid forms a solidified form after being cross-linked by the first cross-linking agent and can be granulated. (2) Hydroxyl and carboxyl can improve the adsorbent powder content (3) in the granule through hydrogen bond adsorbent powder and cross-link the shaping the second time, these carboxyl and hydroxyl structure can last to have an adsorption effect to the adsorbent powder, still have an adsorption effect to the adsorbent powder after adsorbing the desorption many times, therefore finished product polymer granule has longer life (4) first polymer has the long chain structure, the polymer long chain has better acid and alkali resistance, the stable performance, it is stable at secondary crosslinking or later stage acid desorption in-process adsorbent granule base member.
The second polymer is one or a mixture of more than two of isobutene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide; the second polymer is also a long carbon chain polymer, different from the first polymer, the aqueous solution of the second polymer has larger viscosity and more carboxyl, amino and other groups, the polymer functions (1) can assist the adsorption effect of the first polymer on the adsorbent powder, and if only the first polymer is used, powder particles such as ammonium phosphomolybdate and the like can fall off powder in the multiple adsorption and desorption processes. (2) The filling amount of the adsorbent powder can be increased (3), the first polymer and the second polymer can form a mutual transmission network copolymer structure through first crosslinking and second crosslinking after being uniformly mixed, the finished product particles have two crosslinking structures of polyvalent metal ion crosslinking and chemical crosslinking, the structure can increase the strength and toughness of a polymer material, the strength of the finished product adsorbent particles is high, and the dissolution loss and falling off of the adsorbent powder are reduced in the using process.
The third polymer is one or a mixture of more than two of chitosan, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose, guar gum and soluble starch. The third type of polymer is (1) natural polysaccharide polymer extracted from animal and plant species, the polymer can be cross-linked with the first type of polymer and the second type of polymer, and can also form an interpenetrating network structure with the first type of polymer and the second type of polymer, (2) the third type of polymer is generally soft, and the hardness and the water content of the adsorbent particles can be adjusted by adding the third type of polymer in a small amount in the system.
The primary crosslinking has the following characteristics: (1) boric acid is crosslinked with hydroxyl in the first polymer, carboxyl in the second polymer is crosslinked with polyvalent metal ions in the first crosslinking agent, so that viscous polymer solution is changed into a solidification form for soft and processable granulation (2) in the first crosslinking process, the polymer matrix can almost completely adsorb the adsorbent powder into a solidification phase without loss, therefore, expensive adsorbent powder cannot be wasted (3) boric acid crosslinking in the first crosslinking is reversible, and the other main function is to play a temporary binding role on the polymer matrix, and the granulation can be processed after the first crosslinking.
The drying process after the primary crosslinking is a key step, free water and most of bound water in the system can be removed in the process, the distance between polymer molecules is shortened, the free volume is reduced, secondary crosslinking is facilitated, and the particle strength is increased. If not dried, the second crosslinked particles are not strong enough to break or fail to crosslink.
The secondary crosslinking process has the following characteristics: (1) the boric acid crosslinking in the primary crosslinking is reversible, and under the action of an aqueous solution, boric acid crosslinking points in the primary crosslinking are slowly released again in the second crosslinking agent, and the second crosslinking agent is crosslinked with hydroxyl or carboxyl to form a stable crosslinking structure. (2) After the second crosslinking, the crosslinked structure of the boric acid crosslinking points in the adsorbent particles disappears, and the polyvalent metal ion crosslinking points still exist in the double crosslinked structure of the adsorbent particles which form polyvalent metal ions and chemical crosslinking after the second crosslinking.
Meanwhile, the water-absorbing polymer (the first polymer, the second polymer and the third polymer are water-absorbing polymers) has a strong adsorption effect on the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent powder, and the adsorbent loss and the dissolution loss caused by water flow scouring are effectively reduced. The resin matrix resists strong acid and strong alkali, the polyhydroxy structure on the surface of the matrix can effectively adsorb adsorbent powder, the dissolution loss rate is effectively reduced, the resin matrix can be applied to extracting rubidium and cesium elements in salt lake original brine, old brine, seawater and underground water resources, and meanwhile, the high-strength corrosion-resistant matrix is suitable for an industrial adsorption column process.
The method for preparing the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving a plurality of water-absorbing polymers to obtain a mixed high molecular solution, adding heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent powder into the mixed high molecular solution, uniformly mixing at 20-80 ℃, adding a certain amount of first cross-linking agent into the slurry to prepare a granulation precursor, solidifying the mixed polymer solution by viscous liquid after contacting the first cross-linking agent solution, and performing granulation processing, wherein the other function of the first cross-linking is to control the structure and time of the second cross-linking. Then, after granulation by an extruder or a screw granulator, the granules are dried. And finally crosslinking and molding the dried particles in a second crosslinking agent to obtain finished particles. And (3) carrying out secondary crosslinking after drying the particles, and forming a stable curing structure after secondary crosslinking. Two-time crosslinking is a key step in being able to process shape and form high strength particles. Has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy operation, low cost, easy industrialization and the like.
1. The adsorbent particles have high strength and are not easy to break, and cannot be hydrolyzed and deteriorated under the working environment and swell; the salt-free water-based paint does not deteriorate under normal use and storage conditions, and can be used without being placed in an environment with the salt content of less than 5%.
2. The adsorbent has simple preparation process and higher loading capacity, and is suitable for industrial adsorption operation;
3. the adsorbent particles have good water permeability, acid environment resistance and faster adsorption process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent granule for liquid rubidium-cesium resource extraction prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent granule prepared for liquid rubidium and cesium resource extraction in example 2.
For a person skilled in the art, other relevant figures can be obtained from the above figures without inventive effort.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Example one
A heteropolyacid salt ionic sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium-cesium resource extraction, proceeding as follows:
step 1, polyvinyl alcohol with alcoholysis degree of 85% is dissolved in water to prepare a 10 wt% polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.
Step 2, taking the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and ammonium phosphomolybdate adsorbent powder according to the mass ratio of 3: 1 proportion, and uniformly mixing by using a three-roll grinder.
And 3, adding a certain amount of first cross-linking agent aqueous solution into the mixture obtained in the step 2, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the first cross-linking agent aqueous solution is 1: and 3, the first cross-linking agent aqueous solution is composed of 3 wt% of boric acid, 1 wt% of borax, 1 wt% of aluminum chloride and 1 wt% of calcium chloride, and is mechanically and fully stirred and kneaded to form a solidified cross-linked product.
And 4, extruding and granulating the solidified and crosslinked product obtained in the step 3 to obtain particles with the particle size of 2mm, and drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain dried particles.
Immersing the dried particles obtained in the 5 th step and the 4 th step into a second cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and cross-linking for 24 hours at the cross-linking temperature of 45 ℃, wherein the second cross-linking agent aqueous solution comprises 1 wt% of silane coupling agent KH 550, 94 wt% of water and 5wt% of ammonium chloride; the ammonium chloride content is not less than 5%, the salinity is low, and the particles can be decomposed
And 6, washing the granules subjected to crosslinking in the step 5 with clear water to obtain finished product heteropoly salt ion sieve adsorbent granules for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources. The storage environment of the adsorbent particles is 30 wt% ammonium chloride solution, and the pH value is 1-2. The finished product granule adsorbent content is 77% (calculated after deducting water content), the water content is 50%, and the Shore A hardness is 65.
FIG. 1 shows ammonium phosphomolybdate adsorbent particles prepared in example 1, which have high strength, elasticity and water permeability, do not substantially expand or contract during adsorption and desorption, and can be filled in large-sized adsorption columns. Can be recycled under neutral adsorption condition and acidic desorption condition, and has stable performance.
FIG. 2 is a SEM image of the cross section of the particles of the ammonium phosphomolybdate adsorbent prepared in example 1, wherein the SEM mainly shows that (1) the crystal morphology of ammonium phosphomolybdate is mostly crystals with small particle size, and the resin matrix can be effectively adhered; (2) the filling amount of the adsorbent in the particles is large; (3) a large number of hollow and porous structures can be seen in the figure, which also indicates that the prepared adsorption particles have good water permeability.
Example two
A heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium-cesium resource extraction is carried out as follows:
step 1, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol with alcoholysis degree of 85% in water to prepare 10 wt% solution
Step 2, sodium polyacrylate with average molecular weight of 125 ten thousand is dissolved in water to prepare 4 wt% concentration solution.
Step 3, mixing the polymer aqueous solutions prepared in the steps 1 and 2 according to the mass ratio of 10: 1 proportion, and uniformly mixing by using a high-viscosity stirring paddle to obtain a high-viscosity polymer mixed solution.
And 4, adding ammonium phosphomolybdate adsorbent powder into the high-viscosity polymer mixed solution obtained in the step 3 according to the mass ratio of 1: 3, stirring or grinding until the mixture is uniformly mixed.
And 5, adding a certain amount of first cross-linking agent aqueous solution into the mixture obtained in the step 4, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the first cross-linking agent aqueous solution is 1: and 4, the first cross-linking agent aqueous solution comprises 3 wt% of boric acid, 1 wt% of borax and 1 wt% of calcium chloride, and is mechanically and fully stirred and kneaded to form a solidified cross-linking product.
And 6, extruding and granulating the solidified and crosslinked product obtained in the step 5, wherein the particle size is 2mm, and drying at 65 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain dried particles.
And (3) crosslinking the dried particles obtained in the 7 th step and the 6 th step in a second crosslinking agent aqueous solution for 24 hours at the crosslinking temperature of 42 ℃, wherein the second crosslinking agent aqueous solution comprises 2% of silane coupling agent KH560 and 98% of salt lake raw brine, and the salt content of the salt lake raw brine is more than 5%.
And 8, obtaining particles subjected to crosslinking in the step 7, namely finished product heteropoly salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources, wherein the storage environment of the adsorbent particles is 30 wt% of ammonium chloride solution, and the pH value of the adsorbent particles is 1-2. The finished product granule adsorbent content is 77% (calculated after deducting water content), the water content is 48%, and the Shore A hardness is 62.
EXAMPLE III
A heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium-cesium resource extraction is carried out as follows:
step 1, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol with alcoholysis degree of 85% in water to prepare 10 wt% solution
Step 2, polyacrylic acid having an average molecular weight of 125 ten thousand was dissolved in water to prepare a 4 wt% solution.
Step 3, dissolving sodium alginate in water to prepare 3 wt% solution
Step 4, mixing the polymer aqueous solutions prepared in the steps 1, 2 and 3 according to the mass ratio of 10: 1: 0.5 proportion, and uniformly mixing by using a high-viscosity stirring paddle to obtain a high-viscosity polymer mixed solution.
And 5, adding ammonium phosphotungstate adsorbent powder into the high-viscosity polymer mixed solution obtained in the step 4 according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.5, stirring or grinding until the mixture is uniformly mixed.
And 6, adding a certain amount of first cross-linking agent aqueous solution into the mixture obtained in the 5 step, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture to the first cross-linking agent aqueous solution is 1: 4, the components of which are 3 percent of boric acid, 0.5 percent of borax, 1 percent of aluminum chloride and 1 percent of zinc chloride, and the solidified cross-linked product is formed after the materials are fully stirred and kneaded mechanically.
And 7, extruding and granulating the crosslinked product obtained in the step 6 to obtain a particle with the particle size of 2mm, and drying at the drying temperature of 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain dried particles.
And (3) immersing the dried particles obtained in the steps (8) and (7) into a second cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and cross-linking for 24 hours at the cross-linking temperature of 42 ℃, wherein the second cross-linking agent aqueous solution comprises 2% of silane coupling agent KH560 and 98% of salt lake raw brine, and the salt content of the salt lake raw brine is more than 5%.
And 9, washing the granules subjected to crosslinking in the step 8 by using clear water to obtain finished product heteropoly salt ion sieve adsorbent granules for extracting liquid rubidium and cesium resources, wherein the adsorbent content of the finished product granules is 80% (calculated after moisture is subtracted), the water content is 45%, and the Shore A hardness is 60.
1. The adsorbent particles are high in strength, not easy to break (Shore A hardness), free of hydrolytic deterioration (the storage environment is 30 wt% of ammonium chloride solution, the pH value is 1-2), and free of swelling;
2. the preparation process of the adsorbent is simple, and the loading capacity is higher (the content of the finished product particle adsorbent is 80%, and no similar product can be obtained at present);
3. the adsorbent has good water permeability (water content of 45%), acid resistance, and rapid adsorption process
Relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one element from another element having the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such elements.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. A method for preparing a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium and cesium resource extraction, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, adding adsorbent powder into a polymer mixed solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain a first mixture; the mass ratio of the adsorbent powder to the polymer mixed solution is 1 (2-20);
the adsorbent powder is a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent, and the particle size is 200-1500 meshes;
the polymer mixed solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-90 parts of a first polymer solution, 0-40 parts of a second polymer solution and 0-10 parts of a third polymer solution;
the first polymer solution is a 1-50 wt% aqueous solution of a polymer containing polyhydroxy and polycarboxyl;
the second polymer solution is 1-50 wt% of a long carbon chain-containing polymer aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution of the second polymer has high viscosity and more carboxyl and amino groups;
the third polymer solution is an aqueous solution containing 1-50 wt% of natural polysaccharide polymer; natural polysaccharide compounds for extracting autobotanic plants;
step 2, immersing the first mixture obtained in the step 1 into a first cross-linking agent aqueous solution for primary cross-linking, and obtaining a second mixture after cross-linking solidification;
the first cross-linking agent is a mixture of at least one of boric acid or borax and soluble multivalent metal salt; the soluble multivalent metal salt is at least one of soluble ferric salt, soluble aluminum salt, soluble calcium salt, soluble magnesium salt, soluble zinc salt, soluble strontium salt or soluble barium salt;
step 3, granulating the second mixture, and drying to obtain dried particles;
the temperature in the drying process is 30-100 ℃, and the time in the drying process is 12-24 hours;
step 4, immersing the dried particles into a second cross-linking agent for secondary cross-linking, wherein the time of the secondary cross-linking is 12-72 hours, and the temperature of the secondary cross-linking is 25-80 ℃; washing the solid particles obtained after secondary crosslinking to obtain the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles for extracting the liquid rubidium and cesium resources;
the second cross-linking agent is coupling agent water dispersion.
2. The method for preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles according to claim 1, wherein the first polymer solution is an aqueous solution containing 1 to 20 wt% of polyhydroxy, polycarboxy group-containing polymer;
the second polymer solution is a water solution containing 1-10 wt% of long carbon chain polymer;
the third polymer solution is an aqueous solution containing 1-10 wt% of a natural polysaccharide polymer.
3. The method of preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles of claim 1, wherein the first polymer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer, polyacrylic acid, hyperbranched polyol, polyester polyol, isocyanate.
4. The method of making heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles of claim 1, wherein the second polymer is one or more of isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide.
5. The method for preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles according to claim 1, wherein the third polymer is one or more of chitosan, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose, guar gum, and soluble starch.
6. The method for preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the first mixture is uniformly mixed with the first crosslinking agent powder or the first crosslinking agent solution;
the first cross-linking agent powder is powder formed by uniformly mixing at least one of boric acid and borax with soluble multivalent metal salt, wherein the soluble multivalent metal salt is at least one of soluble ferric salt, soluble aluminum salt, soluble calcium salt, soluble magnesium salt, soluble zinc salt, soluble strontium salt or soluble barium salt;
the first cross-linking agent solution is a solution obtained by dissolving a mixture of at least one of boric acid or borax and soluble multivalent metal salt in water, and the soluble multivalent metal salt is at least one of soluble ferric salt, soluble aluminum salt, soluble calcium salt, soluble magnesium salt, soluble zinc salt, soluble strontium salt or soluble barium salt.
7. The method for preparing the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the granulation process adopts an extrusion granulation mode, and the particle size is 1-5 mm.
8. The method for preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous coupling agent dispersion is one or more of a silane coupling agent aqueous dispersion, an aluminate coupling agent aqueous dispersion, and a phthalate coupling agent aqueous dispersion; the amount of the coupling agent in the coupling agent water dispersion liquid is 1.2-2.0 times of the weight of the dried particles.
9. The method of preparing heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particles according to claim 1, wherein the method of preparing the polymer mixed solution comprises the steps of:
step 1.1, dissolving the first polymer in water to obtain a first polymer solution, wherein the concentration of the first polymer solution is 1-50 wt%;
step 1.2, dissolving the second polymer in water to obtain a second polymer solution, wherein the concentration of the second polymer solution is 1-50 wt%;
step 1.3, dissolving the third polymer in water to obtain a third polymer solution, wherein the concentration of the third polymer solution is 1-50 wt%;
step 1.4, mixing the first polymer solution, the second polymer solution and the third polymer solution to obtain a polymer mixed solution;
the first polymer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol graft copolymer, polyacrylic acid, hyperbranched polyol, polyester polyol and isocyanate;
the second polymer is one or more of isobutylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, sodium polyacrylate, polyacrylamide-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide;
the third polymer is one or more of chitosan, gelatin, pectin, carrageenan, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, water-soluble cellulose, guar gum and soluble starch.
10. The method of making a heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle according to claim 1, wherein the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent is one or more of ammonium phosphomolybdate, ammonium phosphotungstate, arsenomolybdate, silicomolybdate, titanosilicate, and hexagonal tungsten trioxide.
11. A heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle obtained according to the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the storage environment of the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium/cesium resource extraction is a solution or brine having a salt content of 5% or more.
12. The heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle according to claim 11, wherein the desorbent of the heteropolyacid salt ion sieve adsorbent particle for liquid rubidium and cesium resource extraction is an ammonium salt solution or an acid-containing ammonium salt solution, and the content of ammonium salt in the desorbent is 5wt% or more.
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| CN114672654B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-05-05 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for recycling rubidium and cesium in salt lake brine by using heteropolyacid salt electrode |
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