CN113508662A - Comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot - Google Patents
Comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot Download PDFInfo
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot, which comprises the following steps: selecting a resistant wheat variety; before sowing, chemical medicament seed dressing or seed coating is carried out; properly postponing the sowing period to ensure that the ground temperature is not higher than 20 ℃ after sowing; controlling the sowing depth of the wheat and compacting after sowing; spraying pesticide for 1-2 times in time from the green turning period to the rising period, increasing the spraying water amount by 1-1.5 times of the conventional amount, spraying pesticide for preventing and treating by using a machine, and spraying the pesticide on the stem rot part of the wheat. The invention overcomes the defect that most of wheat stem basal rot is controlled by using chemical agents in production, provides a comprehensive control method of wheat stem basal rot, and provides technical support for further guiding control of field wheat stem basal rot.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural disease control, and particularly relates to a comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot.
Background
Wheat is the first major food crop worldwide. The current worldwide wheat planting area is about 2.2-2.4 hundred million hectares, the global total wheat yield in 2019 is 7.28 hundred million tons, which accounts for about 27.90 percent of the global total grain yield, and about half of the global population takes the wheat as staple food. In China, wheat is the second largest food crop. According to the report of the national statistical bureau, the seeding area of wheat in 2019 nationwide is 22984 kilo hectares, and the yield is 13106 ten thousand tons. As one of the most important wheat producing countries in the world, guaranteeing the safe production of wheat in China has an extremely important role in the world food supply.
Wheat can be threatened by various diseases during the whole growth and development period. More than 200 wheat diseases are reported to be found in current investigation, and the wheat diseases caused by fungi are as high as about 100. The wheat stem basal rot is a disease which is reported to be more and serious in wheat fields at present, is a soil-borne fungal disease and can infect wheat in the whole growth and development period of the wheat. The wheat stem rot can cause 9.5-35% of average crop loss, the land with serious disease can reduce the yield by more than 80%, and the disease continuously evolves into one of the main fungal diseases on wheat due to huge economic loss caused by the occurrence of the wheat stem rot.
Wheat basal stem rot is caused by various Fusarium fungi (F:)Fusariumspp.) and the main pathogenic bacteria causing the disease are different due to different planting conditions in different areas. Combined with the findings of domestic and foreign investigations, Fusarium graminearum (F.) (F.pseudograminearum) Fusarium yellow (F.), (F.culmorum) And Fusarium graminearum (F.), (F.graminearum) Is the main pathogenic bacterium causing the basal rot of wheat stem, and other Fusarium such as Fusarium avenaceum (F.) (F.avenaceum) Asian Fusarium (F.), (F.asiaticum) The stem of wheat can be usedThe bacterial strains of the basal rot disease are separated, but the ratio is low, and the bacterial strains are easy to change due to the change of environmental conditions, so the bacterial strains are not the dominant pathogenic bacteria of the disease.
Pathogenic bacteria of the wheat stem basal rot exist in disease residues and soil in the forms of ascospores, hyphae, conidia and the like for overwintering, and a large amount of pathogenic accumulation is prepared for the next year. Pathogenic bacteria are mainly spread along with agricultural labor in wheat plots, hosts of the pathogenic bacteria are mainly various gramineae plants and weeds, and dicotyledon plants are difficult to infect under the condition of large logarithm. At present, the wheat has fewer disease-resistant varieties of wheat stem basal rot. Pathogenic bacteria are continuously accumulated in the soil, and a bacteria source is provided for the occurrence and harm of the wheat stem basal rot. The cultivation and fertilization modes are unreasonable, and the promotion effect is also realized for the occurrence of the wheat stem basal rot.
At present, a comprehensive control strategy is mainly adopted for controlling the wheat stem basal rot, the harm of the wheat stem basal rot is reduced to the greatest extent mainly by chemical agent control, and the following three control methods are mainly adopted:
(1) the agricultural control mainly comprises the measures of cleaning disease residues, reasonably rotating crops, reasonably applying fertilizers, reasonably irrigating, controlling the application amount of nitrogen fertilizers and the like.
(2) Biological control is mainly carried out by two methods, one method is to kill pathogenic bacteria in the field by antagonists of pathogenic bacteria of the wheat stem basal rot so as to reduce the occurrence of diseases. The other is to treat the seeds by antagonistic bacteria to enhance the resistance to diseases. But because the biological control cost is high and the biological control is easily influenced by environmental changes, the biological control method is not popularized in a large range in society.
(3) Chemical control is generally to reduce the occurrence of wheat stem basal rot through medicament seed dressing and later-stage pesticide spraying control. Prior to sowing, the incidence of wheat stalk rot is generally reduced by treatment with a seed coating. But the wheat basal stem rot is difficult to prevent and treat at the present stage, and no specific high-efficiency medicament for preventing and treating the disease exists on the domestic pesticide information network at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical defects, the invention provides a comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot.
Through wheat field experiments in the Luxi area, the invention simulates the development process of wheat stem basal rot in the field, and surveys the change of the incidence of contrast treatment in different periods, and the results show that: the wheat stem basal rot can be attacked in the whole growth and development period of wheat, and two attack peaks are mainly caused. The early winter stage after wheat seeding is the first peak of onset, and the second peak of onset is the period of rising and jointing of wheat. The invention provides that before the first peak of the wheat stem basal rot occurs, the wheat can be coated in advance by using a seed coating agent, so that the early-stage morbidity of the wheat stem basal rot is reduced; before the second peak occurs, the wheat in the middle 3 months enters the green turning period, and the pesticide is sprayed for preventing and treating in time, so that the occurrence of the wheat stem basal rot can be controlled at the later stage.
The invention selects three varieties of Tainong 18, Jinan 17 and Taimai 198 respectively, mixes different seed coating agents for seed dressing treatment, and investigates the control effect of the Tainong 18, Jinan 17 and Taimai 198 on the stem basal rot of wheat. From the experimental results of the wheat field in the Shandong (Weifang Changyi) region: compared with the treatment without seed dressing of various varieties, the treatment of the three varieties with the seed coating agent can have better control effect on the wheat stem basal rot. The investigation result in the green turning period is as follows: the three treatments of Tainong 18 wheat treated by seed dressing with the Kulas seed dressing agent, Tainong wheat treated by seed dressing with the Bright seed dressing agent and Taimai 198 wheat treated by seed dressing with the Kulas seed dressing agent have the best control effect on the basal rot of wheat stems, and the control effects are 80.19%, 72.29% and 69.91% respectively. The survey result of the booting stage is as follows: the three treatments of the wheat treated by seed dressing with the Kulas seed coating agent by Tainong 18, the wheat treated by seed dressing with the bright seed coating agent by Tainong 198 and the wheat treated by seed dressing with the bright seed coating agent by Tainong 18 have the best control effects on the basal rot of the wheat stems, and the control effects are 66.91%, 63.47% and 60.91% respectively. The influence of different varieties matched with seed coating agents on wheat withered and white ears is investigated in the later stage, and the result shows that: compared with the treatment without seed dressing of all varieties, the treatment of the three varieties with the seed coating agent can obviously reduce the wheat withering and white spike rate. The 5 treatments that performed well were: taimai 198 was coated with a coolas seed coating, taimai 198 was coated with a grassy jumbo seed coating, tainong 18 was coated with a coolas seed coating, tainong grassy jumbo seed coating, and tainong 18 was coated with a brightening seed coating. The withered spike rates are respectively 0.73%, 0.67%, 0.13% and 0.53%. The invention finds that different varieties have different disease resistance to the wheat stem basal rot.
In the research of the patent, a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation method is adopted to treat the main pathogenic bacterium Fusarium pseudograminearum (F. graminearum)F.pseudograminearum) And (3) carrying out fluorescent protein marking, observing the infection influence of the fusarium graminearum on the wheat stem at different temperatures, and showing that after the fusarium graminearum is cultured for 10 days, the fusarium graminearum expresses bright fluorescence on infected hyphae of the wheat stem under the illumination culture condition of 20 ℃ and expresses weak fluorescence under the illumination culture conditions of 10 ℃ and 15 ℃. This indicates that a high temperature of 20 ℃ is more favorable for the invasion of Fusarium pseudograminearum, whereas low temperatures of 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ are unfavorable for the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The invention can properly delay the sowing period when sowing wheat, the temperature is low, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is not facilitated, and the incidence rate of wheat stem basal rot is reduced.
The investigation result of wheat stem basal rot in seedling stage before winter in Shanxi (Taian) area shows that the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot is obviously reduced when the wheat coated with the Kulas seed coating agent and the brightening seed coating agent is compared with the wheat coated with seed coating agent, which indicates that the wheat seedling can be effectively prevented from being infected by the wheat seed coating agent in the early stage of wheat, the incidence rate before winter is reduced, and the infection probability in the next year is reduced. However, there is no significant difference between the two seed coating agents, i.e., the seed coating agent and the seed coating agent. The two seed coating agents have certain control effect on the generation of the wheat stem base rot.
In the experiment of wheat field in Shandong area (Weifang Changyi), we selected three different seed coating Agents of Yueje, Kulas and Liangxi to match with three different varieties of Jinan 17, Taimai 198 and Tainong 18. The experimental result of wheat fields in Shandong area (Weifang Changyi) shows that the use of the medicament seed dressing in combination with disease-resistant varieties can effectively reduce the incidence rate of wheat stem basal rot, and reduce the withered white spike rate in the later period to ensure the wheat yield.
The field observation shows that: the invasion point of the wheat stem basal rot is mainly concentrated at the position of the wheat stem base or the underground stem, and the underground stem is usually caused by too deep wheat seeding or suspended seedlings, so that the control of the seeding depth and the compacting after the seeding of the wheat is also an effective agricultural measure for controlling the wheat stem basal rot.
Chemical agent control is the most important measure for controlling the wheat stem basal rot prevalence at present, so that the selection of a proper chemical agent is the key for controlling the wheat stem basal rot and improving the yield. Secondly, the optimal prevention and spraying period is found, and the optimal drug effect can be obtained by using the medicament. The patent preliminarily draws a conclusion through a greenhouse test, and the greenhouse test result shows that: the control effect of the pesticide on the wheat stem basal rot is obviously different when the wheat grows and develops at different periods. The control effect of the two-time medication in the wheat green turning period and the rising period on the wheat stem basal rot is the best, the one-time medication in the wheat green turning period has the second effect, but the two treatments have no obvious difference. The control effect of the first two treatments is obviously higher than that of the drug used in the initial period of wheat and the drug used in the middle period of wheat jointing. The key field medication period for preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot is from the green turning period to the growing period.
In order to further determine the optimal control period and the medication times of the stem rot of the wheat, a wheat field test in Luxi (Taian) area is designed. The test results of wheat fields in the Luxi area further prove that the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot can be effectively controlled by once administration in the wheat green turning period, and the late withering and white ear rate is reduced. By contrasting the incidence rate graph, the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot tends to be stable from the end of 2 months to the end of 3 months after the year, and the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot rapidly increases and reaches a peak from the end of 3 months to the end of 4 months, so that the medicine application in the wheat seedling turning period of 3 months is very critical.
The experimental result obtained in the Shandong Luxi area is applied to the Shandong area to obtain the same result by utilizing the time difference of wheat growth and development in the Shandong Luxi area and the Shandong area. Namely, the conclusion can be drawn that the occurrence and the expansion of the wheat stem basal rot can be effectively controlled by using the medicine once in the wheat green turning period, and the medicine is very key in the green turning period.
When the pesticide is sprayed to prevent and treat the wheat stem basal rot, enough water needs to be paid attention, the pesticide liquid with less water is difficult to be applied to the diseased part, and the prevention and treatment effect is poor. The medicine can be applied to the affected part only when the water quantity is enough, so that the prevention and treatment effect is ensured. In wheat field experiments in Shandong West (Taian) area, the better control effect is obtained by increasing the conventional water amount for medicine application by 1 to 1.5 times. When the amount of added water of the medicament is enough, the control is difficult by a conventional knapsack sprayer, and the use of a pressure type boom sprayer is very easy. Therefore, when the wheat stem base rot is prevented and treated, the machine is preferably used for spraying pesticide for prevention and treatment, and enough water is ensured. In the wheat field test in the Shandong (Weifang Changyi) region, we investigated the point of attack of stalk base rot in the seedling stage of wheat, and found that the point of attack was mainly concentrated at or below the base of the stalk, and pathogenic bacteria invaded wheat from approximately the root and stalk. Therefore, when spraying pesticide to prevent and control wheat stem basal rot, the pesticide is sprayed on the wheat stem basal rot part.
Through research, the following findings are obtained:
(1) pathogenic bacteria of the wheat stem basal rot can invade in the whole growth and development period of the wheat. The disease mainly has two peak of onset, the first peak of onset is in the early winter period after wheat is sown, and the second peak of onset is in the period of rising and jointing of wheat.
(2) The wheat coated by the seed-dressing agent of the Crassis, Liangheng and Juezong can effectively prevent wheat seedlings from being infected, reduce the incidence rate of wheat stem basal rot before winter and reduce the infection probability in the next year.
(3) The control effect of the pesticide on the wheat stem basal rot is obviously different when the wheat grows and develops at different periods. The optimal administration period is during the green-turning period.
(4) Different varieties have different resistance to wheat stem basal rot. In the plots with serious stem basal rot, disease-resistant varieties are selected and matched with a seed coating agent for use, and an effective sterilization machine is sprayed in the green turning period, so that the wheat stem basal rot has a good prevention and treatment effect.
(4) The temperature is between 10 ℃ and 15 ℃, which is not beneficial to the invasion of fusarium pseudograminearum into wheat, so the sowing period is properly delayed, and the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot can be reduced due to lower temperature.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a resistant wheat variety;
before sowing, chemical medicament seed dressing or seed coating is carried out;
properly postponing the sowing period to ensure that the ground temperature is not higher than 20 ℃ after sowing;
controlling the sowing depth of the wheat and compacting after sowing;
spraying pesticide for 1-2 times in time from the green turning period to the rising period, increasing the spraying water amount by 1-1.5 times of the conventional amount, spraying pesticide for preventing and treating by using a machine, and spraying the pesticide on the stem rot part of the wheat.
Preferably, the wheat varieties with resistance in the step (1) comprise Taimai 198 and Tainong 18.
Preferably, the seed coating agent in step (2) comprises coolas, Liangqian and Heyue.
Preferably, the sowing period in the step (3) is delayed properly so that the ground temperature is not higher than 15 ℃ after sowing.
More preferably. In the step (3), the sowing period is properly delayed, so that the ground temperature after sowing is not higher than 10 ℃.
Preferably, the pesticide spraying prevention is carried out for 1 time in the green turning period in the step (5).
Preferably, the drug used in the step (5) is 45% of pentoxazole-prochloraz, 18.7% of propiconazole-azoxystrobin, trichoderma harzianum or APN.
More effectively, the medicine in the step (5) is 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz or 18.7% of the propiconazole-azoxystrobin in the green returning period, or APN in the rising period.
Preferably, the seed coating agent is used for seed dressing in the step (2), and the step (5) is used for treating 45% of the pentoxazole-prochloraz once in the green turning period;
or seed dressing is carried out by using the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2), the step (5) is carried out by using the medicines for two times, 45% of the pentoxazole and the prochloraz are used in the wheat green turning period, and APN is used in the rising period;
seed dressing is carried out by using the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2), and 45% of the pentoxazole and prochloraz are taken at one time in the wheat reversion period in the step (5).
Preferably, Tainong 18 is used in the step (1), and seed dressing agent is used in the step (2);
or the Taimai 198 is used in the step (1), and the seeds are dressed by the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2);
tainong 18 is used in the step (1), and the seeds are dressed by using the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2);
the Taimai 198 is used in the step (1), and the seed dressing agent is used in the step (2);
and (2) seed dressing by using a rice jumping seed coating agent, wherein Tainong 18 is used in the step (1).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wheat stem base rot develops rapidly in a wheat planting area and presents a continuously aggravating and spreading trend, and the wheat stem base rot poses a great threat to the production safety of wheat. The invention provides a comprehensive control method of wheat stem basal rot, which can provide technical support for further guiding the control of the field wheat stem basal rot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect comparison of different agents for controlling wheat stem basal rot.
Figure 2 is a graph of the change in incidence at different times for the control treatment.
Figure 3 is a graph of the change in incidence of the drug treatment over different periods of time.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the point of entry of wheat basal rot.
FIG. 5 is a fluorescence microscopic image showing the expression of fluorescent proteins in mycelia and spores of a green fluorescent protein-labeled transformed strain. Wherein A and B: the appearance of the hyphae of the GFP-labeled strains under a fluorescent microscope (bright field and fluorescent field); c and D: the conidia of GFP-labeled strains appeared under a fluorescent microscope (bright field and fluorescent field); e and F: the GFP-labeled strain was transformed into five generations of hyphae under a fluorescence microscope (bright field and fluorescence field); g and H: GFP-labeled strains were transformed into five generations of conidia and expressed under a fluorescence microscope (bright field and fluorescence field).
FIG. 6 is a PCR map of the GFP gene of Fusarium pseudograminearum transformants.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of determination of pathogenicity of the transformed strain.
FIG. 8 is a graph of Fusarium pseudograminearum infection at different temperatures on wheat stalks.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the infestation of transformant strains on seed coating treated wheat stems on different days. Wherein a1, a 2; e1, E2; i1, I2: infection of the transformed strain on the wheat treated by the colas seed coating agent at 7d, 14d and 21d stems (bright field and fluorescence); b1, B2; f1, F2; g1, G2: infection of the transformed strain on the wheat treated with the orbecry seed coating agent at 7d, 14d, 21d stems (bright field and fluorescence); c1, C2; g1, G2; k1, K2: infection of the transformation strain on the wheat treated by the coating-free agent at 7d, 14d and 21d stems (bright field and fluorescence); d1, D2; h1, H2; l1, L2: photographs (brightfield and fluorescence) of the original strain at 7d, 14d, 21d infected wheat stems.
Detailed Description
Example 1 selection of Key control period of Agents for wheat Stem basal rot
First, test materials
The test varieties are: jimai 22 (Shandong province agricultural academy of sciences crop research institute)
Pathogenic bacteria to be tested: fusarium graminearum (preservation in this laboratory)
Reagent to be tested: (1) 45% of tebuconazole-prochloraz (Sichuan Guanguan agrichemical Co., Ltd.) 25mL/667m2And (2) 18.7% propiconazole azoxystrobin (Switzerland Mingda crop protection Co., Ltd.) 70mL/667m2And (3) APN (Switzerland Dendran crop protection Co., Ltd.) 70mL/667m2
Preparation of kernel inoculum: soaking the 22 wheat grains in water one day in advance, boiling with water every other day until the wheat grains are broken and cracked, filtering most of water, placing into a high-temperature-resistant sealing tank, and filling the wheat grains to the sealing position of a bottle cap. And (3) performing moist heat sterilization at the high temperature of 121 ℃, putting the wheat grains into a sterile operating platform, cooling to room temperature, adding 6-8 fusarium pseudograminearum blocks above the wheat grains, sealing the wheat grains by using a sterile sealing film, culturing for two weeks at the temperature of 25 ℃, and airing for later use in a laboratory after hyphae grow over the bottles and cans.
Second, test method
The wheat grain culture medium inoculated with the fusarium pseudograminearum is uniformly scattered in a test field of a Taian base, and the wheat grains of the test variety are planted. After the wheat has spent the vernalization stage, moving back to the greenhouse and carrying out secondary inoculation in 12 middle of 2018, wherein each pot of the wheat is about 2-3 grains of the culture medium. After one week of seedling recovery, spraying pesticide for preventing and treating in different periods.
The experiment was set up with 16 treatments: (1) 45% of pentoxazole and prochloraz (2) used in the wheat reviving stage, 18.7% of propiconazole and azoxystrobin (3) used in the wheat reviving stage, APN (4) used in the wheat reviving stage, spraying clear water (5) used in the wheat reviving stage, 45% of pentoxazole and prochloraz (6) used in the wheat reviving and rising twice, 18.7% of propiconazole and azoxystrobin (7) used in the wheat reviving and rising twice, APN (8) used in the wheat reviving and rising twice, spraying clear water (9) used in the wheat rising stage, 45% of pentoxazole and prochloraz (10) used in the wheat rising stage, 18.7% of propiconazole and azoxystrobin (11) used in the wheat rising stage, APN (12) used in the wheat rising stage, spraying clear water (13) used in the wheat rising stage, middle-term and spraying clear water (13) used in the wheat midterm, 45% of pentoxazole and prochloraz (14) used in the wheat midium and wheat shifting-term, 18.7% of propiconazole and azoxystrobin the wheat shifting-term (15) used in the wheat shifting and clear water (16) used in the wheat shifting-up stage
Third, statistics of test
After the spikes of the wheat planted in the greenhouse pots are formed, the disease grades of the wheat plants treated in different times are counted, and the wheat plants without medicines in all periods are used as a reference. The grading standard of the stem base rot of the potted greenhouse wheat is as follows:
level 0: wheat plant has no browning symptom
Level 1: the wheat only has the first sheath brown, and the brown area is not more than 1/2
And 3, level: the wheat only has brown in the first sheath, and the brown area exceeds 1/2
And 5, stage: browning of second sheath of wheat
And 7, stage: brown or dead third sheath of wheat
And (4) counting the disease grades of different treatments, calculating the disease index and calculating the prevention and treatment effect. And variance significance processing was performed using DPS2000 data analysis software.
Disease index =100 × Σ (number of onset at each stage × representative value at each stage)/(total number of investigation × highest representative value)
Control effect (%) = control average disease index-treatment average disease index/control average disease index x 100%
Fourth, experimental results
Under the greenhouse condition, the Jimai 22 is used as a test material to determine the control effect of different medicaments on the wheat stem basal rot at different periods.
TABLE 1 control effect of different-period medication treatment on wheat stem basal rot
A 1: reversion period a 2: twice-used medicine for turning green and getting up A3: rising period a 4: mid-jointing stage B1, 45% of pentoxazole-prochloraz B2: APNB 3: 18.7% propiconazole azoxystrobin B4: and (6) comparison. The letters in the disease index are identical indicating that the difference is not significant (P >0.05) and the letters are different indicating that the difference is significant (P < 0.05).
The greenhouse test survey results show (table 1): the control effect of the pesticide on the wheat stem basal rot is obviously different when the wheat grows in different periods. The control effect of the wheat stem basal rot is the best when the medicines are used twice in the wheat green turning period and the rising period in different periods, the control effect of the wheat stem basal rot is the second when the medicines are used once in the wheat green turning period, but the two treatments have no obvious difference. The control effect of the wheat stem basal rot by the wheat in the rising period and the midjointing period is far lower than that of the wheat in the first two periods. Compared with the control, the four-period medication can control the occurrence of the wheat stem basal rot to a certain extent.
The prevention and treatment effects of 45% of the pentoxazole-prochloraz, APN and 18.7% of the propiconazole-azoxystrobin on the basal rot of the wheat are respectively 61.04%, 58.44% and 55.84% in the rising period of the wheat in the green returning period, and the disease indexes are respectively 30, 32 and 34. The prevention and treatment effects of 45% of the medicines of the pentoxazole and the prochloraz, the APN and 18.7% of the propiconazole and the azoxystrobin on the basal rot of the wheat stem at the wheat reversion period are respectively 50.65%, 42.86% and 49.35%, and the disease indexes are respectively 38, 44 and 49. The average prevention effect of the three agents in the rising period of the wheat on the basal rot of the wheat stem is less than 30 percent, and the average prevention effect of the three agents in the middle period of the wheat jointing is only 12.25 percent.
The results of the comparison chart (figure 1) of the effect of different medicaments on preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot show that: the effect of preventing and treating wheat stem basal rot by 45% of pentazole prochloraz and 18.7% of propiconazole azoxystrobin is better than that of APN in the early stage (the green turning stage), however, the APN has better performance in the later stage (the rising stage and the jointing middle stage).
The lower the disease index, the higher the prevention and treatment effect. In the wheat reversion period, the disease indexes of 45 percent of the pentoxazole-prochloraz and 18.7 percent of the propiconazole-azoxystrobin to the wheat stem basal rot are respectively 38 and 39, and the APN is 44. The disease indexes of APN for wheat stem basal rot in later period (rising period and jointing metaphase) are respectively 42 and 53. The disease indexes of 45% of the pentoxazole-prochloraz and 18.7% of the propiconazole-azoxystrobin to the basal rot of the wheat stem in the rising period are 45 and 55 respectively, and the disease indexes in the middle jointing period are 64 and 62 respectively.
Example 2 West Shandong area (Experimental base of Taian Shandong agricultural university) wheat field test
First, test materials
Test site: taian test base
The test varieties are: jimai 22 (Shandong province agricultural academy of sciences crop research institute)
Pathogenic bacteria to be tested: fusarium graminearum (preservation in this laboratory)
Reagent to be tested: (1) 45% of tebuconazole-prochloraz (Sichuan Guanguan agrichemical Co., Ltd.) 25mL/667m2And (2) 18.7% propiconazole azoxystrobin (Switzerland Mingda crop protection Co., Ltd.) 70mL/667m2And (3) APN (Switzerland Dendran crop protection Co., Ltd.) 70mL/667m2 (4) Trichoderma harzianum 1kg/667m2
The test seed clothing agent: (1) kulas (2.2% difenoconazole, 2.2% fludioxonil, 22.6% thiamethoxam, ternary complex, Zusamikangda crop protection Co., Ltd.) 300mL/100kg of seeds (2) brightness (imidacloprid, tebuconazole, Jiangsu Longdeng chemical Co., Ltd.) 300mL/100kg of seeds
Second, test method
When sowing wheat, adopting random areaGroup arrangement, and sowing 27 cells together according to the seed coating agent treatment and blank control. Each cell area is 15m2. Selecting 22 wheat grains with full grains, and dressing the wheat seeds 3 days before sowing according to the concentration requirement of a test seed dressing agent. When sowing, firstly, uniformly scattering the wheat grain culture medium connected with fusarium pseudograminearum in a Taian base test field, and then sowing the wheat coated with the seed coating agent. Then, the medicines are applied in the wheat turning green period (3 months and 1 day) and the rising period (3 months and 25 days) according to the treatment requirements.
The field control test is provided with 10 treatments, and each treatment is repeated for three times: (1) seed dressing without seed coating agent, seed dressing without seed coating agent for a control (2) without drug, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz (3) only once in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with 18.7% of the propiconazole-azoxystrobin (4) in the wheat rising period, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz (5) in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with 18.7% of the propiconazole-azoxystrobin (6) in the wheat rising period, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with (7) of the coolasmide in the wheat rising period, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz (8) only once in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with 45% of the pentazole-prochloraz in the wheat reviving period, seed dressing with 18.9% of the wheat reviving period, 45% of pentoxazole-prochloraz for wheat in the green-turning period, APN (10) for wheat in the rising period and for trichoderma harzianum in the green-turning period
Data statistics
(1) Dynamic field growth and growth investigation of wheat stem base rot:
the incidence of basal rot of wheat treated in each treatment was investigated at intervals of 10 days after wheat sowing (2018/11/22) and after wheat overwintering (2019/2/27). Each treatment was performed by randomly picking 40 wheat plants, repeating three times, and investigating 8 times in total.
(2) Investigation of prevention and control effects of wheat stalk base rot in Luxi:
in the early winter wheat seedling stage, the incidence rates of the wheat stem basal rot of two seed coating agents (cool and bright) and the wheat without the seed coating agent coating treatment are respectively investigated. Each treatment was repeated three times with 40 wheat plants at random.
And respectively counting the morbidity of the wheat stem basal rot in each treatment in the wheat turning green stage, the jointing stage, the flowering stage and the filling stage. At these four periods, 40 wheat plants were randomly picked from each treatment field and repeated three times. Digging out the wheat with roots, and ensuring the integrity of the wheat roots without damaging the wheat roots as much as possible. And the wheat stem base rot disease is marked and brought back to a laboratory to investigate the disease progression and disease index of the wheat stem base rot in different periods, and the control effects of different treatments are calculated.
After the wheat is in the heading stage and the white spike is manifested in the late 5 th month, 40 wheat plants are randomly selected from each cell for three times, and the white spike rate is investigated.
Grading standard for wheat stem base rot in field seedling stage and turning green and jointing stage
Level 0: the whole wheat plant has no browning symptom
Level 1: browning of wheat coleoptile or mediocre stem
And 2, stage: the wheat coleoptile and the underground stem are browned
And 3, level: browning of first sheath of wheat
4, level: browning of second sheath of wheat
And 5, stage: the sheath of the third leaf of the wheat is browned or the whole stem of the wheat is browned and softened
Grading standard of flowering phase and grouting phase
Level 0: the whole wheat plant has no browning symptom
Level 1: brown in wheat root
And 3, level: the first stem node of the overground part of the wheat has the phenomenon of browning and rotting
And 5, stage: the second stem node of the overground part of the wheat has the phenomenon of browning and rotting
And 7, stage: the disease spot exceeds the second stem node of the wheat but has no white spike
And 9, stage: the disease spots exceed the second stem node of wheat and have white ears
Spike rate (%) = withered spike rate/total number of spikes investigated × 100%
Fourth, experimental results
(I) investigation of incidence of wheat stem base rot in early winter seedling stage
TABLE 2 survey results of wheat stem base rot incidence in pre-winter seedling stage
The investigation result (table 2) of the wheat stem basal rot in the seedling stage before winter shows that compared with the wheat treated by seed dressing without seed dressing agent, the wheat treated by the seed dressing agent and the brightening seed dressing agent in the seed dressing stage of the wheat in the colas seed dressing agent can effectively prevent the wheat seedlings from being infected, reduce the morbidity before winter and reduce the infection probability in the next year. The two seed coatings did not differ significantly.
(II) dynamic survey of wheat stem base rot in field growth and growth
As can be seen from the incidence rate change chart of the control treatment in different periods in the figure 2, the wheat stem basal rot can be attacked in the whole growth and development period of the wheat, and two attack peaks are mainly observed. The early winter stage after wheat seeding is the first peak of onset, and the second peak of onset is the period of rising and jointing of wheat. Before the first peak of the wheat stem basal rot before winter, the wheat can be coated in advance by using a seed coating agent, so that the early-stage morbidity of the wheat stem basal rot is reduced; before the second peak occurs, the wheat in the middle 3 months enters the green turning period, and the pesticide is sprayed for preventing and treating in time, so that the occurrence of the wheat stem basal rot can be controlled at the later stage.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the change of morbidity of the medication treatment at different times, and it can be known from fig. 3 that: (1) before the application of the medicine in the green turning period, the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot of the seed dressing treatment of the colas and the brightening seed dressing agent is lower than that of the seed dressing treatment without the seed dressing agent. (2) After the wheat is applied in the green turning period, the incidence rate of each drug treatment is lower than that of the drug treatment without the drug treatment. The incidence of wheat stem basal rot investigated in each time period by one-time medication treatment in the green turning period and two-time medication treatment in the green turning period and the birth period has no obvious difference, and the incidence rate is slowly increased. The incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot treated by contrast rapidly rises from the end of 3 months in 2019 to the end of 4 months in 2019, reaches a peak, and rises from about 40% to 70%, while the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot treated by each drug still slowly rises and is stabilized between 40% and 50%, and the incidence rate does not rise rapidly. The results show that the incidence rate of the wheat stem basal rot can be effectively reduced by coating the seed coating agent at the early stage and applying the seed coating agent at the green turning stage, and the disease condition can be effectively controlled and stably increased at the later stage instead of being rapidly increased.
(III) the control effect of different medicament treatments on wheat stem basal rot
TABLE 3 control of wheat stem basal rot by different chemical treatments in different periods
By taking the Jimai 22 as a test material, the control effect of different medicament treatments on the wheat stem basal rot is investigated at four periods (a green turning period, a jointing period, a flowering period and a filling period) of the growth and development of the wheat, and the results show that: firstly, compared with the treatment without seed dressing, the wheat stem basal rot of the wheat treated by seed dressing with the seed dressing agent of the Kulas and the brightening potential seed dressing agent can be obviously reduced no matter the wheat is used once in the green turning period or used twice in the rising period of the green turning period. Secondly, the disease index of the wheat stem basal rot investigated in the four periods by the once-time drug treatment in the wheat green turning period and the twice drug treatment in the wheat green turning period and the initial period has no obvious difference, and the result proves that the occurrence of the wheat stem basal rot can be effectively controlled by the once-time drug treatment in the wheat green turning period.
The several treatments that were investigated at these four periods and that showed a better incidence of basal rot in wheat were: the seed coating agent of the Kulas is used for seed dressing, and is treated by 45 percent of the pentoxazole and the prochloraz only once in the green turning period; the seed dressing agent of the Kulas adopts 45 percent of the pentoxazole and the prochloraz during the wheat green turning period, and adopts APN treatment during the rising period; the brightening seed coating agent is applied with 45 percent of pentoxazole-prochloraz during the wheat green returning period, and is applied with APN during the rising period.
Among them, the seed dressing agent of coolas seeds is treated with 45% of pentoxazole and prochloraz only once in the green turning period, and the control effects of wheat stem basal rot examined in the four periods are respectively 62.50%, 61.22%, 56.89% and 61.11%. The brightening seed coating agent is used for seed dressing, 45% of the pentoxazole and prochloraz are used in the wheat green returning period, the seed dressing agent is treated by APN in the rising period, and the wheat stem basal rot control effects investigated in the four periods are 55.01%, 55.01%, 60.36% and 60.32% respectively.
(IV) influence of different medicament treatments on wheat withered and white ears
TABLE 4 influence of different agent treatments on wheat withered and white ears
Table 3 shows the effect of different drug treatments in the western region of luwei (taian test base) on late withered and white ears of wheat, and the results show that: compared with the control, the other eight groups of treatments can effectively reduce the wheat withered and white spike rate. Wherein, the wheat withered and white spike rate of the seed dressing agent for seed dressing of the Coolas which is only treated by once 45 percent of the pentoxazole and the prochloraz is the lowest and is only 0.7 percent, and the difference is the most obvious compared with the contrast. Secondly, dressing the seeds with the brightening seed coating agent, wherein 45 percent of the penconazole and prochloraz are used only in the green returning period, and the withered and white spike rate is 0.78 percent; the seed coating agent is mixed with seeds, the withered spike rate of the seeds in the later period of the one-time drug treatment in the green turning period is about 0.7 percent, and the withered spike rate of the seeds in the later period of the two-time drug treatment in the green turning period and the rising period is about 0.9 percent. Compared with the traditional Chinese medicine, the medicine can effectively reduce the occurrence of late withered white ears by once administration in the green turning period.
Example 3 Weifang Changyi wheat field test results
First, test materials
Test site: weifang Changyi
Test plants: (1) taimai 198 (Taishan district Jiu and crop institute of Taian city), (2) Jinan 17 (farm institute of Shandong province), Tainong 18 (breeding of Taishan district Ruifeng crop research institute of Taian city)
Reagent to be tested: (1) coronarium no-double (water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid) 50mL/667m2(2) 50mL/667m of bacteria knife (24% validamycin A)2(3) 15% propiconazole (20 mL/667 m)2) (4) 25% pyraclostrobin (20 mL/667 m)2）
The test seed clothing agent: (1) kulas (2.2% difenoconazole, 2.2% fludioxonil, 22.6% thiamethoxam, ternary complex, Xiajenda Switzerland crop protection Co., Ltd.) 600mL/100kg (2) brightness potential (imidacloprid, tebuconazole, Jiangsu Longdeng chemical Co., Ltd.) 1000mL/100kg (3) Pogostemon (triticonazole, pyraclostrobin, Basff China Co., Ltd.) 120mL/100kg
Second, test method
The test was carried out in a wheat field where wheat was grown throughout the year in Changyi City, Weifang, Shandong province and where the onset of wheat stem base rot was severe. The experiment was performed in a randomized block arrangement with 12 treatments in total, each treatment being repeated three times. The area of each cell is 666.7m2. Except for the control, each treatment was administered with the agent only once during the green return period, and 4 agents were used in combination.
The experimental protocol was designed as follows: (1) seed dressing with the cool rice seed coating for Taimai 198, (2) seed dressing with the bright potential seed coating for Taimai 198, (3) seed dressing with the rice jump seed coating for Taimai 198, (4) seed dressing without the seed coating for Taimai 198, (5) seed dressing with the cool rice seed coating for Tainong 18, (6) seed dressing with the bright potential seed coating for Tainong 18, (7) seed dressing with the rice jump seed coating for Tainong 18, (8) seed dressing without the seed coating for Tainong 18, (9) seed dressing with the cool seed coating for Jinan (17) seed dressing with the bright potential seed coating for Jinan (11) seed dressing with the rice jump seed coating for a Jinan (12) seed dressing with the rice jump seed coating for Jinan (17) seed dressing without the seed coating for Jinan (12)
Data statistics
And investigating the disease condition of the wheat stem basal rot in the wheat green turning period and the wheat booting period. 30 wheat plants are randomly selected for each treatment, repeated for three times, and graded investigation is carried out, and the prevention and treatment effects are calculated according to the disease index. In the heading stage of wheat, after the wheat is withered and white spike shows symptoms, randomly taking 3 wheat points in each cell, investigating single row of wheat withered and white spikes at each point by 1m, and calculating the wheat withered and white spike rate.
Fourth, experimental results
Investigation of resistance of different varieties to wheat stem base rot by matching seed coating agent treatment
TABLE 5 investigation of resistance of different varieties to wheat stem base rot with seed coating treatment
Table 5 shows that the wheat stem basal rot resistance of different varieties of treatments matched with the seed coating agent is investigated at different periods, and the results show that the treatment of three varieties of treatments matched with the seed coating agent has better control effect on the wheat stem basal rot compared with the treatment of no seed coating of each variety. The investigation result in the green turning period is as follows: the three treatments of Tainong 18 treated by seed dressing with the Kulas seed dressing agent, Tainong 18 treated by seed dressing with the brightening seed dressing agent and Taimai 198 treated by seed dressing with the Kulas seed dressing agent have the best control effect on the basal stem rot of the wheat, and the control effects are respectively 80.19%, 72.29% and 69.91%. The survey result of the booting stage is as follows: the three treatments of the wheat treated by seed dressing with the Kulas seed coating agent by Tainong 18, the wheat treated by seed dressing with the bright seed coating agent by Tainong 198 and the wheat treated by seed dressing with the bright seed coating agent by Tainong 18 have the best control effects on the basal rot of the wheat stems, and the control effects are 66.91%, 63.47% and 60.91% respectively.
(II) influence of different varieties matched with seed coating agent on wheat withered and white ears
TABLE 6 influence of different varieties matched with seed coating agent on wheat withered and white ears
Table 6 shows the effect of different varieties on wheat withered and white ears by treatment with seed coating agents, and the results show that: compared with the treatment without seed dressing of all varieties, the treatment of the three varieties with the seed coating agent can obviously reduce the wheat withering and white spike rate. The 5 treatments that performed well were: taimai 198 was coated with a coolas seed coating, tanong 18 was coated with a grassy jumping seed coating, tanong 18 was coated with a coolas seed coating, tanong 18 was coated with a grassy jumping seed coating, and tanong 18 was coated with a brightening seed coating. The withered spike rates are respectively 0.73%, 0.67%, 0.13% and 0.53%.
Compared with Taimai 198 and Tainong 18, Jinan 17 has poor control on late wheat withered and white ear rate. The wheat withered white ear reaches 23.67% in the later stage of the seed dressing treatment without seed coating agent in the Jinan 17, and the seed dressing treatment is obviously different from seed dressing treatment without seed coating agent in the Tainong 18 and Taimai 198. Wherein the withered white ear rate of the Jinan 17 matched with the Coolas seed coating agent at the later treatment stage also reaches 7.21 percent. The results of wheat field tests in the Shandong area show that the use of Tainong 18 matched with the Kulas, Liangheng and He jumping seed coating agent and the use of Taimai 198 matched with the Kulas and He jumping seed coating agent can control the occurrence of basal rot of wheat stems and reduce the late withering and white ear rate. In summary, the basal rot of wheat is controllable, and the disease-resistant variety is selected for use with the seed coating agent in the early stage and the medicine is applied in time in the green turning stage.
(III) investigation of wheat stem basal rot invasion point in seedling stage
FIG. 4 is a photograph of Weifang Changyi wheat stem base rot invasion point. In the seedling stage of wheat, the invasion points of the wheat stem basal rot of three varieties of Taimai 198, Tainong 18 and Jinan 17 are respectively investigated, and as can be seen from the figure, the invasion points are mainly concentrated at the stem base or the underground stem position below the stem base, which indicates that the wheat stem basal rot mainly invades wheat from the root and stem base.
Example 4 infection of wheat plants with Fusarium pseudograminearum
First, test materials
Test strains: fusarium graminearum WHF104 (stored in this laboratory), Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha (stored in this laboratory)
Test plants: wheat variety Jimai 22
Test plasmids: pBARGPE1
Test primers: a forward primer: 5'-CACCTTGATGCCGTTCTTCTG-3' reverse primer: 5'-GGCAGTAAGCGAAGGAGAATGT-3'
Second, test method
By the following method: activation of pseudofusarium graminearum, escherichia coli competence preparation, heat shock transformation of escherichia coli, protoplast transformation of PEG-mediated pseudofusarium graminearum, extraction verification of total DNA of transformants, genetic stability analysis of transformed strains, and pathogenicity determination of the transformed strains, and the vector containing GFP gene is transferred into the pseudofusarium graminearum without obviously influencing the pathogenicity of the pseudofusarium graminearum.
Study on wheat infection by green fluorescent protein labeled strain at different temperatures
And (4) accelerating germination of the wheat seeds of the test variety for 3 days, and then sowing 10 seeds in each pot. Three replicates were set for each treatment. The fluorescent protein labeled pseudofusarium graminearum is prepared into a wheat grain culture medium, and two wheat grains with bacteria are scattered around the sown wheat seeds in each pot. Placing into a light incubator at 10 deg.C, 15 deg.C and 20 deg.C, respectively, culturing for 10 days except different temperature conditions, digging out the wheat root, keeping the root system intact, and carefully cleaning with clear water. And observing the infection condition of the fusarium graminearum on the wheat stems at different temperatures by using a stereoscopic fluorescence microscope.
(II) the green fluorescent protein marker strain infects and researches wheat with different coating treatments under different days
The test seed clothing agent: (1) kuras (2.2% difenoconazole, 2.2% fludioxonil, 22.6% thiamethoxam, ternary complex, Zusamizhenda crop protection Co., Ltd.) 300mL/100kg of seeds, (2) Oxbairuit (tebuconazole, Imidacloprid, Bayer crop science, China Co., Ltd.) 300mL/100kg of seeds
And (3) selecting full-grain Jimai 22 wheat grains, and respectively coating the wheat 3 days before sowing according to the coating proportion required by different seed coating agents for later use. Each pot was sown with 10 seeds. Three replicates were set for each treatment. Two wheat grains with bacteria are broadcast and applied to each pot around the sown wheat seeds. And additionally arranging a control of no-seed-coating agent coating, inoculation treatment and no-seed-coating agent coating and no-inoculation treatment. Placing the wheat seeds in a light culture at 20 ℃, respectively treating at 7d, 14d and 21d, taking three wheat seeds, digging out the wheat seeds with roots, keeping the root systems complete, and carefully cleaning the wheat seeds with clear water. And observing the infection condition of the fusarium graminearum on the wheat stems at different temperatures under a stereoscopic fluorescent microscope.
Third, experimental results
Fluorescent microscope observation and PCR identification of transformant
FIG. 5 shows fluorescence microscope results, where the hypha and spore of the transformed strain both emit bright fluorescence, and the wild strain does not emit bright fluorescence, which demonstrates that the vector containing the GFP gene is successfully transferred into Fusarium pseudograminearum and can be expressed normally. The transformant is continuously transformed into five generations on a PDA (personal digital assistant) plate without hygromycin B, the strain can still normally grow and express fluorescence, so that the carrier of the GFP gene can be stably expressed after being transformed into the pseudofusarium graminearum. FIG. 6 shows the PCR detection results, and four randomly selected transformed strains were verified by PCR with GFP specific primers to obtain amplified target bands (1050 bp).
(II) determination of pathogenicity of the transformed Strain
Four strains are randomly selected for pathogenicity determination, and the pathogenicity of the transformed strain is not obviously different from that of a wild strain as can be seen from the figure 7. Has strong pathogenicity to wheat seedling stage. The disease indexes of the wild strains and the transformed strains are found to be more than 50 after three weeks of inoculation, which shows that after the carrier containing the GFP gene is transferred into the pseudofusarium graminearum genome, pathogenicity is not obviously influenced
(III) the infection influence of Fusarium graminearum on wheat stalks at different temperatures
FIG. 8 shows the effect of Fusarium pseudograminearum infection on wheat stalks at different temperatures, and it can be seen that after 10 days of culture, Fusarium pseudograminearum expresses bright fluorescence on wheat stalk infection under the illumination culture conditions of 20 ℃ and weak fluorescence under the illumination culture conditions of 10 ℃ and 15 ℃. This indicates that a high temperature of 20 ℃ is more favorable for the invasion of Fusarium pseudograminearum, whereas low temperatures of 10 ℃ and 15 ℃ are unfavorable for the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The method has the advantages that the sowing time can be properly delayed when wheat is sowed, the temperature is low, the invasion of pathogenic bacteria is not facilitated, and the incidence rate of wheat stem basal rot is reduced.
(IV) Effect of seed coating treatment on wheat infection by Fusarium pseudograminearum
FIG. 9 shows the effect of Fusarium pseudograminearum on wheat stem infestation by seed coating treatment on different days, and it can be seen that in the first 3 weeks Fusarium pseudograminearum expresses weak fluorescence only when the wheat is less invasive in the coatings of the colas and Oxalyzer coatings, whereas the wheat treated without seed coating shows bright fluorescence, indicating that Fusarium pseudograminearum, the dominant pathogen of wheat stalk rot, hardly invades the wheat treated with the coating in the early stage.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of this patent, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of this patent, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of this patent.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive control method for wheat stem basal rot is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a resistant wheat variety;
before sowing, chemical medicament seed dressing or seed coating is carried out;
properly postponing the sowing period to ensure that the ground temperature is not higher than 20 ℃ after sowing;
controlling the sowing depth of the wheat and compacting after sowing;
spraying pesticide for 1-2 times in time from the green turning period to the rising period, increasing the spraying water amount by 1-1.5 times of the conventional amount, spraying pesticide for preventing and treating by using a machine, and spraying the pesticide on the stem rot part of the wheat.
2. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the resistant wheat varieties in the step (1) comprise Taimai 198 and Tainong 18.
3. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the seed coating agent in the step (2) comprises Kulas, Liangxi and Heyue jumping.
4. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step (3), the sowing period is properly delayed, so that the ground temperature after sowing is not higher than 15 ℃.
5. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in the step (3), the sowing period is properly delayed, so that the ground temperature after sowing is not higher than 10 ℃.
6. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: and (5) spraying pesticide for 1 time in the green turning period.
7. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the medicine in the step (5) is 45% of pentoxazole-prochloraz, 18.7% of propiconazole-azoxystrobin, trichoderma harzianum or APN.
8. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the medicine in the step (5) is 45% of pentoxazole-prochloraz or 18.7% of propiconazole-azoxystrobin in the period of returning green, or APN in the period of getting up.
9. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
seed dressing is carried out by using a colas seed coating agent in the step (2), and the step (5) is carried out by using 45% of pentoxazole and prochloraz for one time in the green turning period;
or seed dressing is carried out by using the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2), the step (5) is carried out by using the medicines for two times, 45% of the pentoxazole and the prochloraz are used in the wheat green turning period, and APN is used in the rising period;
seed dressing is carried out by using the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2), and 45% of the pentoxazole and prochloraz are taken at one time in the wheat reversion period in the step (5).
10. The method for comprehensively preventing and treating the wheat stem basal rot, according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
the Tainong 18 is used in the step (1), and the seed dressing agent is used in the step (2);
or the Taimai 198 is used in the step (1), and the seeds are dressed by the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2);
tainong 18 is used in the step (1), and the seeds are dressed by using the brightening seed coating agent in the step (2);
the Taimai 198 is used in the step (1), and the seed dressing agent is used in the step (2);
and (2) seed dressing by using a rice jumping seed coating agent, wherein Tainong 18 is used in the step (1).
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