CN113507128B - Near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for extra-high voltage direct current converter station - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1885—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using rotating means, e.g. synchronous generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/10—Power transmission or distribution systems management focussing at grid-level, e.g. load flow analysis, node profile computation, meshed network optimisation, active network management or spinning reserve management
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a near-field reactive power optimal configuration method of an extra-high voltage direct current converter station, which comprises the following steps: 1) Determining a target ultra-high voltage direct current end power grid and network operation parameters thereof, and determining a node range to be connected into reactive compensation equipment; 2) Establishing a nonlinear optimization model by taking the alternating current bus voltage of the extra-high voltage converter station and the bus voltage of a key node of a certain power grid as optimization targets; 3) The voltage change of each node during reactive power change is evaluated, the sensitivity is calculated, and a reactive power configuration node primary selection set is formed according to the sensitivity; 4) And carrying out reactive power compensation calculation on the reactive power configuration node primary selection set to form a final node compensation configuration scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy resource optimal configuration, and particularly relates to a near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for an extra-high voltage direct current converter station.
Background
With the continuous deep promotion of energy structure transformation in China, the permeability of clean energy represented by wind power, photoelectricity and other power sources in a power grid is improved year by year. However, the new energy power generation has the inherent defects of random fluctuation of output, poor disturbance rejection capability, weak supporting capability of a large-scale new energy power station on a power grid and the like. Moreover, the capacity of the conventional units in the western region is small, the frequency modulation and peak regulation capability of the system are seriously insufficient, and under the condition of weak synchronous support, the safety and stability problems of the new energy power station linkage off-grid and the like caused by low voltage and high voltage easily occur to the power grid at the transmitting end, so that the safety and stability operation of the system meet great challenges. Therefore, how to effectively, accurately and fully utilize the self reactive power of the new energy unit, and coordinate the new energy unit with the dynamic reactive power compensation equipment is a problem to be solved urgently, and the key point is how to perform reactive power optimization configuration.
Therefore, the near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for the extra-high voltage direct current converter station can accelerate the solving efficiency of an objective function, improve the convergence of an equation, realize the reactive power stability of an extra-high voltage power transmission end power grid and provide guidance for the reactive power configuration of a clean energy extra-high voltage power transmission end.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for an extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a target ultra-high voltage direct current end power grid and network operation parameters thereof, and determining a node range to be connected into reactive compensation equipment;
2) Establishing a nonlinear optimization model by taking the alternating current bus voltage of the extra-high voltage converter station and the bus voltage of a key node of a certain power grid as optimization targets;
3) The voltage change of each node during reactive power change is evaluated, the sensitivity is calculated, and a reactive power configuration node primary selection set is formed according to the sensitivity;
4) And carrying out reactive power compensation calculation on the reactive power configuration node primary selection set to form a final node compensation configuration scheme.
The near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for the extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps: the determining the node range to be connected to the reactive power compensation device in the step 1 includes selecting a weak converter station or a weak power generation node as the node to be connected to the reactive power compensation device, where the weak converter station and the weak power generation node are called key nodes.
The near-field reactive power optimization configuration method of the extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps:
wherein V is L Ac busbar voltage for the converter station; v (V) L0 An initial amount of alternating current bus voltage of a convertor station; v (V) Lmax The maximum limit value of the alternating current bus voltage of the convertor station; v (V) Bi Bus voltage of a key node of a certain power grid; v (V) Bi0 The initial voltage of a bus of a key node of a certain power grid is calculated; v (V) Bimax Is a key section of a certain power gridThe maximum limit value of the point bus voltage; omega is a weight coefficient, N B For the number of key nodes, min represents the minimum value.
According to the near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for the extra-high voltage direct current converter station, the node sensitivity is calculated according to the following formula:
F(X,T,C)＝0 (2-a)
wherein F is a power balance equation of the power grid; x is a state vector of the power grid; t is a control variable of the power grid; c is a constant parameter of the power grid; v is the bus voltage to be solved for a certain sensitivity; q is reactive power injection of a certain node bus, and S is node sensitivity.
The near-field reactive power optimal configuration method of the extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps:
4-1) setting simulation parameters of a manual bee colony algorithm: number of honey sources S n I.e. the number of key nodes determined in step 1); algorithm iteration number M n Solving dimension D, iterating the initial number k=1, discarding parameter limit=20; randomly generating an initial solution X in a reactive configuration initial selection set i I.e. randomly selecting a node to which one or more reactive compensation devices are to be arranged, the node selection and the arrangement of the reactive compensation devices being referred to as the initial solution X i ，
The fitness is calculated by the formula (3-a):
wherein G (X) i ) To solve X i The corresponding objective function, G in equation 1-b;
4-2) M n Performing iterative simulation, comparing the fitness of the new solution and the old solution in the neighborhood honey source each time, obtaining local optimum through the fitness comparison, and finally obtaining the optimum honey source position through the comparison between different honey source positions;
4-3) judging whether the set value of the maximum cycle number is reached or not, and turning to the step 4-1) is not reached; and ending the algorithm when the result is reached, and obtaining the current record as the global optimal solution.
The near-field reactive power optimal configuration method of the extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps of:
4-2-1) at the beginning of the search process, a new solution, a new food source, is generated from equation (4-a)
V ij ＝X ij +Φ ij (X ij -X kj ) (4-a)
Wherein k=1, 2, …, S n And k+.i, j=1, 2, …, D, Φ ij Is [ -1,1]Random number, x between ij And x kj For the j-th dimensional position of the solution i and the solution k, the fitness fit of the new solution is calculated next v And evaluate it, if newly solved fit v If the solution is superior to the old solution, leading the bee to memorize the new solution and forget the old solution, otherwise, reserving the old solution;
5-2) after all the lead bees complete the search process, the lead bees dance in the recruitment area to share the information of the solutions with the following bees, the following bees calculate the selection probability of each solution according to formula (4-b),
then in the interval [ -1,1]Randomly generating a number in the solution, if the probability value of the solution is smaller than the random number, reserving the solution and enabling a discard parameter limit=limit+1; if the probability value of the solution is greater than the random number, then following the bee, a new solution is generated from equation (4-a), and the fitness fit of the new solution is checked v If the result is better than the previous result, the following bees will memorize the new solution and forget the old solution; otherwise, the old solution is reserved, if the reserved times of the old solution are larger than the set discard parameter limit, the local optimal solution is recorded, meanwhile, the leading bee role is converted into the reconnaissance bee, namely the local optimal solution is discarded, a new solution is regenerated, and the new solution is generated to enter the circulation again.
The near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for the extra-high voltage direct current converter station, wherein the step 1 of determining the node range to be connected into the reactive power compensation equipment comprises the following steps: carrying out load flow calculation on the target power grid at the transmitting end by using a linearization probability load flow model based on an analytic method as shown in a formula 1-a,
wherein J is 0 、G 0 Respectively linearizing the reference points to obtain coefficient matrixes, and respectively solving first-order partial derivatives of the injection power of each node and the power of each branch to the voltage of each node; x, Z is the voltage of each node and the power column vector of each branch; subscript 0 indicates a reference point state; ΔS S 、ΔS D The random fluctuation amounts of the load power and the power injection power of each node relative to the reference point are respectively shown;
jie Gong, equation 1-a, calculates each of the power saving voltages X, and if the power saving voltage is lower than a predetermined value, determines that it is a weak converter station or weak power generation power saving.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a near-field reactive power optimization configuration method of an extra-high voltage direct current converter station;
FIG. 2 is a schematic topology of a power grid in an example;
fig. 3 is a diagram of dynamic voltage characteristics of an ac bus of a No. 1 converter station;
fig. 4 is a dynamic voltage characteristic diagram of the bus of the new energy station No. 3.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the near-field reactive power optimization configuration method of the extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps:
1) Determining a target ultra-high voltage direct current end power grid and network operation parameters thereof, such as power of each power supply and load point of power grid operation, state vector and the like, and carrying out initial power flow calculation on the target end power grid, wherein the specific steps of the initial power flow calculation are as follows:
carrying out load flow calculation on a target power grid at a transmitting end by using a linearization probability load flow model based on an analytic method, wherein the model is shown in a formula (1-a), exploring reactive weak points in a system, determining a node range to be connected with reactive compensation equipment, namely selecting a weak converter station or a weak power generation node as a node to be connected with the reactive compensation equipment, and the weak converter station and the weak power generation node are also called key nodes;
wherein J is 0 、G 0 Respectively linearizing the reference points to obtain coefficient matrixes, and respectively solving first-order partial derivatives of the injection power of each node and the power of each branch to the voltage of each node; t (T) 0 、S 0 Representing matrix elements; x, Z is the voltage of each node and the power column vector of each branch; subscript 0 indicates a reference point state; ΔS S 、ΔS D The random fluctuation amounts of the load power and the power injection power of each node relative to the reference point are respectively shown;
jie Gong the voltage X at each node can be calculated and if the voltage at that node is below a predetermined value, it is determined to be a weak converter station or a weak power generation node.
2) Establishing a nonlinear optimization model by taking the alternating-current bus voltage of the extra-high voltage converter station and the bus voltage of a certain power grid key node as optimization targets, and establishing an optimization objective function minG, as shown in a formula (1-b)
Wherein V is L Ac busbar voltage for the converter station; v (V) L0 An initial amount of alternating current bus voltage of a convertor station; v (V) Lmax The maximum limit value of the alternating current bus voltage of the convertor station; v (V) Bi Bus voltage of a key node of a certain power grid; v (V) Bi0 The initial voltage of a bus of a key node of a certain power grid is calculated; v (V) Bimax The maximum limit value of the bus voltage of a key node of a certain power grid; omega is a weight coefficient, N B Min represents the minimum value for the number of key nodes;
3) Considering the specific situation of each node to be connected into the reactive compensation equipment, evaluating the change of the voltage of each node when reactive power changes, and establishing sensitivity indexes as shown in formulas (2-a) and (2-b) to form a reactive power configuration node primary set, wherein the principle of forming the reactive power configuration primary set is as follows: and comparing the node sensitivities calculated by the nodes, if the node sensitivities are larger than a preset value, classifying the node into a reactive configuration initial selection set, otherwise, not classifying the node into the reactive configuration initial selection set.
The formula of step 3) is as follows:
F(X,T,C)＝0(2-a)
wherein F is a power balance equation of the power grid; x is a state vector of the power grid; t is a control variable of the power grid; c is a constant parameter of the power grid; v is the bus voltage to be solved for a certain sensitivity; q is reactive power injection of a certain node bus, and S is node sensitivity.
4) Setting simulation parameters of a manual bee colony algorithm: number of honey sources S n I.e. the number of key nodes determined in step 1); algorithm iteration number M n Solving dimension D, iterating the initial number k=1, discarding parameter limit=20; randomly generating an initial solution X in a reactive configuration initial selection set i I.e. randomly selecting a node to which one or more reactive compensation devices are to be arranged, the node selection and the arrangement of the reactive compensation devices being referred to as the initial solution X i ，
The fitness is calculated by the formula (3-a):
wherein G (X) i ) To solve X i The corresponding objective function, namely the optimized objective function in equation 1-b;
5) Proceeding with M n Performing iterative simulation, comparing the fitness of the new solution and the old solution in the neighborhood honey source, obtaining local optimum through the fitness comparison, and obtaining the local optimum throughAnd comparing the different honey source positions to finally obtain the optimal honey source position.
5-1) at the beginning of the search process, a new solution, i.e., a new food source, is generated from equation (4-a)
V ij ＝X ij +Φ ij (X ij -X kj ) (4-a)
Wherein k=1, 2, …, S n And k+.i, j=1, 2, …, D, Φ ij Is [ -1,1]Random number between V ij To be a new solution, x ij And x kj The j-th dimensional position for solution i and solution k. Next, calculate the fitness fit of the new solution v And evaluate it, if newly solved fit v If the solution is superior to the old solution, leading the bee to memorize the new solution and forget the old solution, otherwise, reserving the old solution;
5-2) after all lead bees complete the search process, the lead bees will dance in the recruitment area to share the information of the solution with the following bees. The following bees calculate the selection probability for each solution according to equation (4-b),
then in the interval [ -1,1]Randomly generating a number in the solution, if the probability value of the solution is smaller than or equal to the random number, reserving the solution and enabling a discard parameter limit=limit+1; if the probability value of the solution is greater than the random number, then following the bee, a new solution is generated from equation (4-a), and the fitness fit of the new solution is checked v If the adaptability of the new solution is greater than that of the old solution, the following bees will memorize the new solution and forget the old solution; whereas the old solution is retained if the fitness is less than or equal to the fitness of the old solution. If the retention times of the old solution is larger than the set discard parameter limit, the local optimal solution is recorded, and meanwhile, the leading bee role is converted into the reconnaissance bee (namely discarding the local optimal solution to regenerate a new solution), and the new solution is generated to reenter the cycle.
6) Judging whether the set value M of the maximum iteration number is reached n If not, turning to the step 4); and if the result is reached, ending the algorithm, wherein the current record is the global optimal solution.
Specific examples of the actual technical problems to be solved by the present invention will be described below:
the present example is illustrated by taking an actual extra-high voltage direct current transmission system in a certain area as an example, and the main topological diagram is shown in fig. 2.
1) The main topology structure of the power grid in the calculation example is shown in figure 2, and the linear 6 XJL/G1A-500/45 and LGJ-400; determining accessible reactive compensation equipment nodes (main converter stations and typical new energy stations); setting artificial bee colony simulation parameters: total iteration number M n Discard parameter limit=20, solution dimension d=2, =10000;
2) The access point of the dynamic reactive compensation device (camera) is evaluated. Sensitivity indexes are established by considering the voltages of the alternating current buses of the extra-high voltage converter station and the voltages of the buses of a key node of a certain power grid, and sensitivity evaluation is carried out on important alternating current buses of the converter station and partial buses of new energy stations in the power grid, wherein the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Primary Access Point sensitivity
It can be seen that, when the reactive power optimization configuration is performed, the configuration of the reactive power compensation device from the access point with high sensitivity should be preferentially considered, so that the optimal reactive power optimization effect can be achieved.
3) The number of initial camera configurations is 4, from the sensitivity and economic point of view.
The optimal reactive equipment configuration scheme can be derived as shown in table 2.
Table 2 optimal reactive equipment configuration scheme
Under the configuration condition of the reactive compensation equipment, the situation after bipolar locking fault occurs in the ultra-high voltage direct current transmission end power grid system is simulated, and voltage dynamic characteristic curves of a converter station bus and a typical new energy station bus are shown in figures 3 and 4.
According to the method, the transient voltage rise of the ultra-high voltage direct current transmission end power grid can be obviously restrained by optimally configuring the position of the access point of the camera, the result accords with the actual running condition, and the running stability of the power grid can be effectively improved.
Claims (2)
1. A near-field reactive power optimal configuration method for an extra-high voltage direct current converter station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Determining a target ultra-high voltage direct current end power grid and network operation parameters thereof, and determining a node range to be connected into reactive compensation equipment;
2) Establishing a nonlinear optimization model by taking the alternating current bus voltage of the extra-high voltage converter station and the bus voltage of a key node of a certain power grid as optimization targets;
3) The voltage change of each node during reactive power change is evaluated, the sensitivity is calculated, a reactive power configuration node primary selection set is formed according to the sensitivity, and the principle of forming the reactive power configuration primary selection set is as follows: comparing the node sensitivities calculated by the nodes, if the node sensitivities are larger than a preset value, classifying the node into a reactive configuration primary selection set, otherwise, not classifying the node into the reactive configuration primary selection set;
the formula of step 3) is as follows:
F(X,T,C)＝0 (2-a)
wherein F is a power balance equation of the power grid; x is a state vector of the power grid; t is a control variable of the power grid; c is a constant parameter of the power grid; v is the bus voltage to be solved for a certain sensitivity; q is reactive power injection of a certain node bus, S is node sensitivity;
4) Reactive power compensation calculation is carried out on the primary selection set of the reactive configuration nodes, and a final node compensation configuration scheme is formed;
the step 4) comprises the following steps:
4-1) setting simulation parameters of a manual bee colony algorithm: number of honey sources S n I.e. the number of key nodes determined in step 1); algorithm iteration number M n Solving dimension D, iterating the initial number k=1, discarding parameter limit=20; randomly generating an initial solution X in a reactive configuration initial selection set i I.e. randomly selecting a node to which one or more reactive compensation devices are to be arranged, the node selection and the arrangement of the reactive compensation devices being referred to as the initial solution X i ，
The fitness is calculated by the formula (3-a):
wherein G (X) i ) To solve X i A corresponding objective function;
4-2) M n Performing iterative simulation, comparing the fitness of the new solution and the old solution in the neighborhood honey source each time, obtaining local optimum through the fitness comparison, and finally obtaining the optimum honey source position through the comparison between different honey source positions;
4-3) judging whether the set value of the maximum cycle number is reached or not, and turning to the step 4-1) is not reached; ending the algorithm when the current record is reached, wherein the current record is the global optimal solution;
the near-field reactive power optimal configuration method of the extra-high voltage direct current converter station comprises the following steps of:
4-2-1) at the beginning of the search process, a new solution, a new food source, is generated from equation (4-a)
V ij ＝X ij +Φ ij (X ij -X kj ) (4-a)
Wherein k=1, 2, …, S n And k+.i, j=1, 2, …, D, Φ ij Is [ -1,1]Random number, X between ij And X kj For the j-th dimensional position of the solution i and the solution k, the fitness fit of the new solution is calculated next v And evaluate it, if newly solved fit v If the solution is superior to the old solution, leading the bee to memorize the new solution and forget the old solution, otherwise, reserving the old solution;
5-2) after all the lead bees complete the search process, the lead bees dance in the recruitment area to share the information of the solutions with the following bees, the following bees calculate the selection probability of each solution according to formula (4-b),
then in the interval [ -1,1]Randomly generating a number in the solution, if the probability value of the solution is smaller than the random number, reserving the solution and enabling a discard parameter limit=limit+1; if the probability value of the solution is greater than the random number, then following the bee, a new solution is generated from equation (4-a), and the fitness fit of the new solution is checked v If the result is better than the previous result, the following bees will memorize the new solution and forget the old solution; otherwise, reserving the old solution, if the reservation times of the old solution are greater than the set discard parameter limit, recording the local optimal solution, and simultaneously converting the leading bee role into a reconnaissance bee, namely discarding the local optimal solution, regenerating a new solution, and generating the new solution to enter a cycle again;
the determining the node range to be accessed to the reactive compensation equipment in the step 1 comprises the following steps: carrying out load flow calculation on the target power grid at the transmitting end by using a linearization probability load flow model based on an analytic method as shown in a formula (1-a),
wherein J is 0 、G 0 Respectively linearizing the reference points to obtain coefficient matrixes, and respectively solving first-order partial derivatives of the injection power of each node and the power of each branch to the voltage of each node; x, Z is the voltage of each node and the power column vector of each branch; subscript 0 indicates a reference point state; ΔS S 、ΔS D The random fluctuation amounts of the load power and the power injection power of each node relative to the reference point are respectively shown;
jie Gong (1-a), each of the power saving voltages X is calculated, and if the power saving voltage is lower than a predetermined value, it is judged that it is a weak converter station or weak power generation power saving.
2. The near-field reactive power optimal configuration method of the extra-high voltage direct current converter station according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the determining the node range to be connected to the reactive power compensation device in the step 1 includes selecting a weak converter station or a weak power generation node as the node to be connected to the reactive power compensation device, where the weak converter station and the weak power generation node are called key nodes.
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