CN113504474A - Method for correcting lithium ion battery capacity - Google Patents

Method for correcting lithium ion battery capacity Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113504474A
CN113504474A CN202110960780.4A CN202110960780A CN113504474A CN 113504474 A CN113504474 A CN 113504474A CN 202110960780 A CN202110960780 A CN 202110960780A CN 113504474 A CN113504474 A CN 113504474A
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temperature
capacity
battery
group
measuring
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张永亮
许少辉
杨益志
刘丹
王义武
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Jiewei Power Industry Jiangsu Co ltd
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Jiewei Power Industry Jiangsu Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a method for correcting the capacity of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of sample batteries, randomly and equally dividing the sample batteries into a heating group and a cooling group, and respectively calculating the temperatures T of the heating group and the cooling groupiAverage value C of the discharge capacity measurediCalculating the temperature T of the heating group and the cooling groupiAverage value C of discharge capacity atiAnd a discharge capacity reference value CSign boardRatio f ofiFitting to obtain a calculation model of correction coefficient f (T) and temperature T, and measuring the measured temperature T of the battery to be measuredMeasuringDischarge capacity CCollectingObtaining the corrected capacity C according to the calculation modelCorrection. The correction method of the invention is realized byThe battery capacity and the temperature are subjected to fitting calculation to obtain a corrected value of the capacity, so that the influence of the environmental temperature on the battery capacity in the constant volume process is weakened, the misjudgment can be reduced, the secondary retesting is prevented from increasing the working time and energy consumption, a more accurate battery capacity result is obtained, and the product consistency is effectively improved.

Description

Method for correcting lithium ion battery capacity
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery detection, and particularly relates to a method for correcting the capacity of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The capacity of a lithium ion battery is a key index for measuring the performance of the battery, and represents the capacity of the lithium ion battery for storing and releasing electric quantity. In the production process of the lithium ion battery, the positive and negative electrode materials and the proportion thereof, the stirring process, the coating thickness and uniformity, the baking dryness and humidity, the core package moisture, the formation process, the environmental temperature and other factors can influence the capacity of the lithium ion battery. Therefore, in the tail end link of lithium ion battery production, a special capacity grading process is adopted to detect the capacity of each lithium ion battery, the detected capacity is given to the subsequent sorting process, and the lithium ion batteries are assembled and loaded after being sorted according to the capacity. In the capacity grading process, the battery is usually charged to a full-charge state in a constant-current and constant-voltage manner, then constant-current discharge is performed to a final voltage, and the discharge current multiplied by the discharge time is the capacity of the lithium ion battery. However, in the actual production process, because the battery capacity is significantly affected by the temperature, the measured capacity after capacity grading has a certain deviation from the actual capacity of the battery, which is very easy to cause misjudgment on the battery capacity performance, and affects the production efficiency and the product percent of pass. The batteries are sorted and matched according to the capacity, and the endurance mileage of the terminal passenger car is also influenced due to poor consistency of the battery pack.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a method for correcting the capacity of a lithium ion battery, so as to obtain a corrected value of the capacity by performing fitting calculation on the battery capacity and the temperature, weaken the influence of the ambient temperature on the battery capacity in the constant volume process, obtain a more accurate battery capacity result, and effectively improve the product consistency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for correcting the capacity of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of sample batteries, randomly and equally dividing the sample batteries into a temperature rising group and a temperature reducing group, and performing temperature rise and reduction at T1To TnWithin the temperature range of (1) n measured temperatures T are selected1,T2,…,TnN is more than 2, the temperature rising group is arranged in the constant temperature measuring device by T1Gradually heating to TnAnd measuring the discharge capacity at different temperatures in turn, the temperature reduction group is measured by T in a constant temperature measuring devicenGradually cooling to T1And measuring the discharge capacity at different temperatures in sequence;
(2) respectively calculating the temperatures T of the heating group and the cooling groupiAverage value C of the discharge capacity measurediI is 1,2, …, n, and the standard temperature T is set by the temperature rising group and the temperature reducing group respectivelySign boardAverage value of discharge capacity at CSign boardCalculating the temperature T of the heating group and the cooling group as reference iAverage value C of discharge capacity atiAnd CSign boardRatio f ofiAnd the ratio f of the temperature rising group to the temperature reducing groupiWeighted average is carried out to obtain an average ratio fi', averaging the ratio fi' with temperature TiFitting to obtain a calculation model of the correction coefficient f (T) and the temperature T;
(3) measuring the temperature T of the battery to be measuredMeasuringDischarge capacity CCollectingObtaining the corrected capacity C according to the calculation modelCorrection
Further, the temperature difference between any two adjacent measurement temperatures in the step (1) is the same, and the temperature difference is 2-5 ℃.
Further, the method for measuring the discharge capacity in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1) setting the constant temperature measuring device to a measuring temperature, and standing the battery in the constant temperature measuring device for a certain time;
(2) fully charging the battery, recording the termination current, and standing the battery for a certain time;
(3) the battery was fully discharged at the end current and the discharge duration was recorded.
Further, the constant temperature measuring device comprises a constant temperature box;
the tray is arranged in the constant temperature box, a plurality of racks are uniformly arranged on the tray, and a gap for inserting a battery is formed between every two adjacent racks;
a plurality of telescopic mechanisms are arranged in the constant temperature box, and the fixed ends of the telescopic mechanisms are fixedly connected with the constant temperature box;
And the temperature sensor is fixedly connected with the movable end of the telescopic mechanism.
Furthermore, the relationship between the correction coefficient f (T) and the temperature T is shown in formula 1,
f(T)=α+βT-γT2formula 1
Wherein, alpha, beta and gamma are constant coefficients.
Further, the capacity C is correctedCorrectionAnd temperature TMeasuringDischarge capacity C measured belowCollectingAs shown in the formula 2,
Ccorrection=CCollecting/f(TMeasuring)=CCollecting/(α+βTMeasuring-γTMeasuring 2) And (3) formula 2.
Further, the standard temperature was 25 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the method for correcting the capacity of the lithium ion battery has the following advantages:
(1) according to the correction method, the battery capacity and the temperature are subjected to fitting calculation to obtain the capacity correction value, so that the influence of the environmental temperature on the battery capacity in the constant volume process is weakened, the misjudgment can be reduced, the increase of working hours and energy consumption in secondary retesting is avoided, a more accurate battery capacity result is obtained, and the product consistency is effectively improved.
(2) The constant temperature measuring device provided by the invention can detect the temperature near the battery in a short distance through the temperature sensor in the charging and discharging processes of the battery, can more accurately identify the working temperature of the battery, and can reduce the measurement error.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant temperature measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a capacity comparison verification curve according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a telescoping mechanism; 2. a tray; 3. a rack; 4. a temperature sensor; 5. a battery; 6. an incubator.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The method for correcting the capacity of the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: an experiment is designed, in order to explore the relation between the capacity and the ambient temperature, the battery needs to be placed in an environment with constant temperature for capacity test, and the discharge capacity of the battery at different temperatures can be obtained by adjusting the ambient temperature. The capacity test process is designed at present, and the specific process is as follows:
Figure BDA0003222003770000051
setting parameters in the capacity testing process according to parameters in the capacity grading process of the production line, and recording the discharge time t in the 4 th step PutStep 6 is directed to adjust the battery SOC to the pre-capacity level.
Wherein T is the ambient temperature, T is the initial shelf time, and the time is required to ensure that the temperature of the cell body is consistent with the ambient temperature or the deviation is less than 0.5 ℃, I1For a capacity-divided first full charge of charging current, U1For partial capacity full charge of the end voltage, I2Terminating the current for partial charging, t1For long shelf life after charging, U2To a partial discharge termination voltage, t2For the length of the rest after discharge, I3For a charging current of the lower cabinet with a capacity division, U3Is the end voltage of the partial capacity lower cabinet.
Step two: randomly selecting a plurality of (even number) battery cores to be subjected to capacity testing from a production line; the battery cells are randomly divided into two equal groups, the temperature is regulated from low to high in the capacity test process of the 1 st group, and the temperature is regulated from high to low in the capacity test process of the 2 nd group (the two groups of battery cells are simply called as the first group and the second group).
Step three: the battery core group is placed in a thermostat for temperature setting, the temperature gradient difference value is a fixed value, the value is preferably between 2 ℃ and 5 ℃, the set temperature in the test process cannot damage the performance of the battery core, and the thermostat is connected with charging and discharging equipment, so that the battery core can be charged and discharged without being taken out.
Step four: setting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be T, and measuring according to the capacity test flow; after the process is finished, setting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be T1, and measuring according to the capacity test process; after the flow is finished, the temperature of the thermostat is set to be T2, measurement is carried out according to the capacity test flow, after the flow is finished, the temperature of the thermostat is set to be Tn, measurement is carried out according to the capacity test flow, and after the flow is finished, the measurement is finished.
Step five: placing the battery cells into a thermostat, wherein the temperature of the thermostat is set to be TnMeasuring according to the capacity test flow; after the process is finished, the temperature of the constant temperature box is set to be Tn-1Measuring according to the capacity test flow; after the process is finished, the temperature of the constant temperature box is set to be Tn-2Measuring according to the capacity testing process, and after the process is finished, setting the temperature of the constant temperature box to be T1And measuring according to the capacity test flow, and finishing the test after the flow is finished.
Step six: and collecting the flow test data. The discharge capacity calculation formula of the lithium ion battery is as follows: c ═ I2*tPutThe current value of the actual charging and discharging equipment has certain fluctuation, I2The capacity is a dynamic value, and the capacity can be obtained by referring to the output value of the charge and discharge equipment, so that two groups of temperature and capacity data can be obtained.
Step seven: taking the normal temperature of 25 ℃ as a reference temperature, taking the capacity value at the temperature as a reference value, comparing the capacities at other temperatures with the reference value to calculate a proportionality coefficient, and obtaining two groups of data of temperature and proportionality coefficient; weighted average calculation is carried out on the proportional coefficients of the first group and the second group under corresponding temperatures, and a group of data of temperature and proportional coefficients is finally obtained;
step eight: fitting the data obtained in the seventh step to obtain a relation of a proportionality coefficient changing along with the temperature, as shown in formula 1,
f(T)=α+βT-γT2formula 1
Wherein f (T) is a proportionality coefficient at a temperature T, T is a temperature, and alpha, beta and gamma are constant coefficients.
The relationship of the capacity to temperature fit is shown in equation 2:
Ccorrection=CCollecting/f(TMeasuring)=CCollecting/(α+βTMeasuring-γTMeasuring 2) In the formula (2), the first and second groups,
wherein C isCorrectionFor corrected discharge capacity, CCollectingAt a temperature of TMeasuringThe discharge capacity measured.
Step nine: and importing the obtained capacity and temperature fitting relational expression into production line capacity grading equipment.
Step ten: a tray 2 is placed in a thermostat 6, a plurality of racks 3 are uniformly arranged on the tray 2, a gap for inserting a battery 5 is arranged between two adjacent racks 3, a plurality of telescopic mechanisms 1 are arranged in the thermostat 6, the fixed ends of the telescopic mechanisms 1 are fixedly connected with the thermostat 6, the movable ends of the telescopic mechanisms 1 are fixedly connected with temperature sensors 4, each temperature sensor 4 can radiate to a single or a plurality of electric cores, when in measurement, the temperature sensor 4 can be close to the battery 5 to be measured under the action of the telescopic mechanism 1, so that the sensed temperature is more accurate, when the measurement is finished, the telescopic mechanism 1 drives the temperature sensor 4 to be far away from the battery 5, so that the battery 5 is taken out smoothly, the telescopic mechanism 1 in the embodiment is an existing device, the telescopic mechanism can be controlled by a controller to be telescopic, the repeated description is omitted, and the temperature data identified by the temperature sensor 4 is sent to the controller to be stored.
Step eleven: the environmental temperature of the production line fluctuates, the average temperature of the battery in the discharging process is approximate to the discharging environmental temperature, and the corrected capacity can be obtained through system calculation by combining the collected original capacity.
Comparative example
In this comparative example, a 51Ah soft-package ternary battery is taken as an example, and the implementation process of the lithium battery capacity correction is described in detail:
s1, randomly taking a plurality of single batteries from a production line, testing the capacity of the batteries at different environmental temperatures to obtain the corresponding capacity at different environmental temperatures, regulating and controlling the environmental temperature from low to high during testing, and calculating the proportional coefficient of the capacity exertion at each temperature by taking the capacity at 25 ℃ as a reference, wherein the proportional coefficient is shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 measurement of the proportionality coefficient of capacity exertion at different temperatures from Low to high
Figure BDA0003222003770000071
S2, fitting the temperature and the proportionality coefficient data obtained in the step S1 to obtain a proportionality coefficient relation changing along with the temperature as shown in the formula 3,
f=-0.00005T2+0.0058T +0.8869 formula 3,
the fitted relationship of capacity to temperature is shown in equation 4,
Ccorrection=CCollecting/(-0.00005T2+0.0058 × T +0.8869) formula 4.
Examples
Compared with the comparative example, the embodiment adds a group of capacity tests with reverse temperature regulation on the basis of the comparative example, and also uses a 51Ah ternary soft package battery as a detection sample to explain in detail the implementation process of the lithium battery capacity correction of the embodiment:
S3, randomly taking a plurality of single batteries from the production line, performing capacity testing on the batteries at different environmental temperatures to obtain corresponding capacities at different environmental temperatures, wherein the temperature is controlled from high to low during testing, and the proportional coefficient of capacity exertion at each temperature is calculated based on the capacity at 25 ℃, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 proportionality coefficients of capacity development at different temperatures measured from high to low
Figure BDA0003222003770000081
S4, carrying out weighted average calculation on the proportional coefficients at the corresponding temperatures of S3 and S1, fitting the obtained value with the temperature to obtain a proportional coefficient which changes along with the temperature, wherein the relation of the proportional coefficient is shown in the formula 5,
f=-0.00006*T2+0.0061 × T +0.8834 formula 5.
The fitted relationship of capacity to temperature is shown in equation 6,
Ccorrection=CCollecting/(-0.00006T 2+ 0.0061T +0.8834) formula 6,
capacity correction effect verification:
taking a 51Ah ternary soft package battery as an example, randomly taking a 50pcs capacity-divided battery from a production line, calculating the corrected capacity according to the modes of a comparative example and an example, calibrating the capacity of the battery at 25 ℃ in a constant temperature box, and performing comparison verification by combining the initial acquisition capacity of the battery, wherein the comparison verification results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. 2.
Table 3 capacity comparison verification results
Figure BDA0003222003770000091
Figure BDA0003222003770000101
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. A method for correcting the capacity of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a plurality of sample batteries, randomly and equally dividing the sample batteries into a temperature rising group and a temperature reducing group, and performing temperature rise and reduction at T1To TnWithin the temperature range of (1) n measured temperatures T are selected1,T2,…,TnN is more than 2, the temperature rising group is arranged in the constant temperature measuring device by T1Gradually heating to TnAnd measuring the discharge capacity at different temperatures in turn, the temperature reduction group is measured by T in a constant temperature measuring devicenGradually cooling to T1And sequentially measured at different temperaturesDischarge capacity in degrees;
(2) respectively calculating the temperatures T of the heating group and the cooling groupiAverage value C of the discharge capacity measurediI is 1,2, …, n, and the standard temperature T is set by the temperature rising group and the temperature reducing group respectivelySign boardAverage value of discharge capacity at CSign boardCalculating the temperature T of the heating group and the cooling group as referenceiAverage value C of discharge capacity atiAnd CSign boardRatio f ofiAnd the ratio f of the temperature rising group to the temperature reducing groupiWeighted average is carried out to obtain an average ratio f i', averaging the ratio fi' with temperature TiFitting to obtain a calculation model of the correction coefficient f (T) and the temperature T;
(3) measuring the temperature T of the battery to be measuredMeasuringDischarge capacity CCollectingObtaining the corrected capacity C according to the calculation modelCorrection
2. The correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the temperature difference between any two adjacent measurement temperatures is the same, and the temperature difference is 2-5 ℃.
3. The correction method according to claim 1, wherein the method of measuring the discharge capacity in the step (1) comprises the steps of:
(1) setting the constant temperature measuring device to a measuring temperature, and standing the battery in the constant temperature measuring device for a certain time;
(2) fully charging the battery, recording the termination current, and standing the battery for a certain time;
(3) and fully discharging the battery, and recording the discharge time.
4. The correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the constant temperature measuring device comprises a constant temperature box;
the tray is arranged in the constant temperature box, a plurality of racks are uniformly arranged on the tray, and a gap for inserting a battery is formed between every two adjacent racks;
a plurality of telescopic mechanisms are arranged in the constant temperature box, and the fixed ends of the telescopic mechanisms are fixedly connected with the constant temperature box;
And the temperature sensor is fixedly connected with the movable end of the telescopic mechanism.
5. The correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the relationship between the correction coefficient f (T) and the temperature T is shown in formula 1,
f(T)=α+βT-γT2formula 1
Wherein, alpha, beta and gamma are constant coefficients.
6. The correction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: correction of capacity CCorrectionAnd temperature TMeasuringDischarge capacity C measured belowCollectingAs shown in the formula 2,
Ccorrection=CCollecting/f(TMeasuring)=CCollecting/(α+βTMeasuring-γTMeasuring 2) And (3) formula 2.
7. The correction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the standard temperature was 25 ℃.
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