CN113502438B - 冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开的是锌铝镁合金镀层技术领域的一种冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带及其制备方法,其中钢基成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.0080%、Si≤0.04%、P≤0.010%、S≤0.015%、Mn:0.10~0.20%、Als:0.020~0.060%、Ti:0.030~0.070%。通过对基板中的C和Ti的控制,降低了钢的强度和硬度,提高了塑性和冲压性能,成分中Ti元素的添加使钢中C、N间隙原子完全被固定成碳、氮等化合物,提高钢质的纯净和有利于{111}织构生成,使带钢具有优良的冲压性能;在制备过程中,通过热轧工艺、冷轧压下率、清洗工艺、退火温度、热浸镀工艺、气刀工艺和光整等工艺的综合控制,得到外观质量、耐腐蚀性能和冲压性能均优良的热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锌铝镁合金镀层技术领域,尤其涉及一种冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带及其制备方法。
背景技术
连续热镀锌钢板具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和加工成形性能,在建筑、家用电器、汽车等行业得到了广泛应用。但随着空调、洗衣机等家电产品使用周期长寿化需求,普通热镀锌钢板的镀层耐腐蚀性已不能满足。随着连续热镀锌生产技术的不断进步和对锌合金镀层的耐腐蚀性进一步研究,镀层钢板已经从早期的纯锌镀层发展到当代的锌合金镀层。
连续热镀锌铝镁合金镀层在此背景下应运而生,该产品的镀层耐蚀性是普通镀锌板的3~7倍,有些产品甚至可以提高到十几倍,可用于建筑、民用、畜牧、太阳能及光伏支架等行业和彩涂基板制造。
根据镀液和镀层的成分,锌铝镁划分可分为高铝型、中铝型和低铝型锌铝镁产品。其中高铝型锌铝镁镀层产品镀层成分铝含量在50%~60%、镁含量在1.0%~4.0%、硅含量在1.0%~2.0%。中铝型锌铝镁产品镀层成分铝含量在6.0%~11%、镁含量在1.0%~3.0%。低铝型锌铝镁产品镀层成分铝含量在1.0%~2.5%、镁含量在1.0%~3.0%。随着铝含量的增加,锌铝镁合金镀层耐腐蚀性能越好,但其焊接性、加工性下降,因此,高铝型和中铝型锌铝镁镀层产品主要用于建筑、高速公路护栏、太阳能支架、光伏产业支架和畜牧业等领域。低铝型锌铝镁镀层产品,除了耐腐蚀性能优良,是普通镀锌产品的3~7倍外,镀层的涂装性和加工性能也好于普通热镀锌产品,同时还具有和普通镀锌产品相当的焊接性能,因此,低铝型锌铝镁合金镀层产品在家电制造领域具有广阔的前景。
家电制造用镀层钢板不仅要有优良的耐腐蚀性能,由于加工成型的需求,因此,家电用镀层产品对钢基的冲压性能具有较高的要求。目前的产品或多或少都存在一定不足,有必要对此做进一步研究。
发明内容
为克服现有低铝型锌铝镁合金镀层产品冲压性能不高等不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种冲压性能优良的锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带及其制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带,包括基板和镀层,所述基板的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.0080%、Si≤0.04%、P≤0.010%、S≤0.015%、Mn:0.10~0.20%、Als:0.020~0.060%、Ti:0.030~0.070%,其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质;所述镀层的化学成分按重量百分比计为:Al:1.1~2.5%,Mg:1.1~1.8%,La+Ce:0.12~0.30%,其余为Zn及不可避免的杂质。
进一步的是,所述镀层表面具有一层由Al2O3、ZnO和MgO所组成的氧化膜。
冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、热轧工艺:板坯加热温度为1130~1200℃,终轧温度为900~970℃,卷取温度为740~800℃;
b、冷轧工序:压下率控制在70%~90%;
c、脱脂清洗工艺:槽液温度控制在50~70℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度为65~80Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度≤20Pt(点),带钢的热风烘干温度≥120℃;
d、退火工艺:带钢退火温度为800~860℃,退火炉内带钢单位张力控制在4~7N/mm2;
e、热浸镀工艺:入锌锅温度为430~470℃,锌锅成分为Al:1.1~2.5%,Mg:1.1~1.8%,La+Ce:0.12~0.30%,其余为锌及不可避免的杂质;
f、气刀工艺:采用氮气气刀,镀层重量控制在60~220g/m2;
g、光整工艺:控制光整延伸率≤0.9%。
进一步的是,在钢板/带制备完成后到运输存库之前还包括表面处理工艺,所述表面处理工艺包括在钢板/带表面设置环保涂层或涂油处理。
进一步的是,环保涂层为耐***层,喷涂厚度为0.8~1.2μm,固化烘干温度100~120℃。
进一步的是,进行涂油处理时钢板/带上、下表面涂油量为500~1200mg,涂油机雾化电压为50~70KV。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、通过对基板中的C和Ti的控制,降低了钢的强度和硬度,提高了塑性和冲压性能,同时有利于消除产品时效问题,成分中Ti元素的添加使钢中C、N间隙原子完全被固定成碳、氮等化合物(TiN、TiS2C2、TiC),提高钢质的纯净和有利于{111}织构生成,使带钢具有优良的冲压性能;
2、在制备过程中,通过热轧工艺、冷轧压下率、清洗工艺、退火温度、热浸镀工艺、气刀工艺和光整等工艺的综合控制,得到外观质量、耐腐蚀性能和冲压性能均优良的热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板,满足于家电、汽车等对表面质量、耐蚀性能和冲压要求较高的制造领域的使用需求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
本发明的冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带,包括基板和镀层,所述基板的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.0080%、Si≤0.04%、P≤0.010%、S≤0.015%、Mn:0.10~0.20%、Als:0.020~0.060%、Ti:0.030~0.070%,其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质;所述镀层的化学成分按重量百分比计为:Al:1.1~2.5%,Mg:1.1~1.8%,La+Ce:0.12~0.30%,其余为Zn及不可避免的杂质。
基板成分尽量降低并严格控制C含量,降低钢的强度和硬度,提高塑性和冲压性能,同时有利于消除产品时效问题。成分中Ti元素的添加使钢中C、N间隙原子完全被固定成碳、氮等化合物(TiN、TiS2C2、TiC),提高钢质的纯净度和有利于{111}织构生成,使带钢具有优良的冲压性能。
对于镀层,本申请增加了La+Ce,其目的是:热镀时净化相界,降低镀液表面张力,减轻镀液中镁氧化使表面张力升高因素,从而消除锌流纹缺陷,并提高镀层粘附性;在镀层冷凝结晶时具有细化晶粒,优化镀层结晶组织形成的作用,从而提高镀层细腻度、表面质量、耐蚀性能和加工性等。
所述镀层表面具有一层由Al2O3、ZnO和MgO所组成的氧化膜,该氧化膜具有均匀致密的特点,可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性,并降低镀层表面摩擦系数,有利于镀层加工。
上述冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a、热轧工艺:板坯加热温度为1130~1200℃,终轧温度为900~970℃,卷取温度为740~800℃,通过该工艺,钢基在热轧后可得到细小均匀的铁素体组织和粗大的析出物,有利于形成强的{111}织构并提高r值,从而提高最终产品的冲压性能;
b、冷轧工序:压下率控制在70%~90%,通过提高冷轧工序压下率,为带钢储存更多形变能,提高在热镀锌退火中形核率,细化带钢铁素体晶粒,保证带钢优良的冲压的性能;
c、脱脂清洗工艺:槽液温度控制在50~70℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度为65~80Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度≤20Pt(点),带钢的热风烘干温度≥120℃;
d、退火工艺:带钢退火温度为800~860℃,退火炉内带钢单位张力控制在4~7N/mm2,通过退火及张力工艺,使带钢充分再结晶,并减少高温退火时张力对带钢的拉伸变形作用,提高冲压钢的伸长率和n值,保证带钢优良的冲压性能;
e、热浸镀工艺:入锌锅温度为430~470℃,锌锅成分为Al:1.1~2.5%,Mg:1.1~1.8%,La+Ce:0.12~0.30%,其余为锌及不可避免的杂质,通过锌铝镁镀液成分及温度设计及,可提高锌液流动性和带钢表面镀层加均匀性,细化镀层晶粒,消除锌流纹、胡须纹、流动色差、横纹等锌液流动不均匀产生的缺陷;
f、气刀工艺:采用氮气气刀,镀层重量控制在60~220g/m2,氮气气刀提高带钢表面锌液流动性和表面质量;
g、光整工艺:控制光整延伸率≤0.9%,保证产品良好的冲压性能。
采用上述工艺制备的锌铝镁镀层钢板/带,具有冲压成型性优良,镀层均匀、表面质量好的特点,并具有较好的耐腐蚀性能、抗黑变性和耐指纹性,可作为对产品表面质量、耐腐蚀性和冲压成型性要求较高的空调等家电的加工原料。
进一步的是,在钢板/带制备完成后到运输存库之前还包括表面处理工艺,所述表面处理工艺包括在钢板/带表面设置环保涂层或涂油处理,用于对带钢进行运输和库存期间的防锈保护,通常情况下,裸用钢板/带用环保涂层处理,涂油钢板/带的后处理需进行涂装加工。
采用环保涂层时,可采用热镀锌铝镁专用药液喷涂,喷涂厚度为0.8~1.2μm,然后在100~120℃下烘干固化,在钢板带表面形成一层耐***层,可提高锌铝镁产品耐指纹性、抗黑变性和耐腐蚀性能。
采用涂油工艺时,钢板/带上、下表面涂油量为500~1200mg,涂油机雾化电压为50~70KV,可保证涂油机雾化效果好和涂油性,减少因涂油不均造成的锌铝镁镀层表面不均匀腐蚀产生的黑变和色差缺陷。
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1
本发明所述家电制造用高耐蚀超深冲锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的生产方法:钢基化学成分重量百分含量:C含量0.004%、Si含量0.01%、P含量0.005%、S含量0.008%、Mn含量0.13%、Als含量0.05%、Ti含量0.04%。板坯加热温度1130~1170℃,终轧温度940~960℃,卷取温度780~800℃。冷轧工序压下率87%,清洗槽液温度65℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度78Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度10Pt(点),热风烘干温度130℃;带钢退火温度840~860℃,退火炉单位张力5.5N/mm2,入锌锅温度468℃,锌锅成分为:1.1%Al,1.1%Mg,La+Ce为0.12%;锌锅温度475℃,氮气气刀,镀层重量60g/m2。光整延伸率0.62%,耐***层厚度1.02μm,固化烘干温度130℃。
经检测,本实施例连续热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带表面呈均匀的无锌花状态,表面质量优良;中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间≥1300h,镀层耐腐蚀好;屈服强度ReL≤170MPa,伸长率A80≥40%,N值≥0.24,r值≥2.1,冲压性能优良。产品表面质量、耐腐蚀性和冲压成型性优良,满足空调等家电的加工需求,已在家电制造中正常应用。
实施例2
本发明所述家电制造用高耐蚀超深冲锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的生产方法:钢基化学成分重量百分含量:C含量0.006%、Si含量0.03%、P含量0.007%、S含量0.011%、Mn含量0.17%、Als含量0.02%、Ti含量0.07%。板坯加热温度1180℃,终轧温度910℃,卷取温度755℃。冷轧工序压下率81%,清洗槽液温度53℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度67Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度15Pt(点),带钢的热风烘干温度137℃;带钢退火温度808℃,退火炉内带钢单位张力4.5N/mm2,入锌锅温度440℃,锌锅成分为2.5%Al,1.8%Mg,La+Ce为0.30%;锌锅温度为430℃,采用氮气气刀,镀层重量150g/m2。光整延伸率0.90%,耐***层厚度1.15μm,固化烘干温度120℃。
经检测,本实施例连续热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带表面呈均匀的无锌花状态;中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间≥1800h;产品屈服强度ReL≤170MPa,伸长率A80≥40%,N值≥0.24,r值≥2.1。产品表面质量、耐腐蚀性和冲压成型性优良,满足空调等家电的加工需求,已在家电制造中正常应用。
实施例3
本发明所述家电制造用高耐蚀超深冲锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的生产方法:钢基化学成分重量百分含量:C含量0.003%、Si含量0.02%、P含量0.005%、S含量0.007%、Mn含量0.15%、Als含量0.05%、Ti含量0.05%。板坯加热温度1150℃,终轧温度930℃,卷取温度780℃。冷轧工序压下率89%,清洗槽液温度70℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度71Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度13Pt(点),带钢的热风烘干温度123℃;带钢退火温度843℃,退火炉内带钢单位张6.5N/mm2,入锌锅温度460℃,锌锅成分为1.5%Al,1.4%Mg,La+Ce为0.21%;锌锅温度460℃,采用氮气气刀,镀层重量220g/m2。光整延伸率0.82%,带钢上表面涂油量1000mg/m2,下表面涂油量200mg/m2,涂油机雾化电压65KV。
经检测,本实施例连续热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带表面呈均匀的无锌花状态;镀层耐腐蚀在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间≥2000h;屈服强度ReL≤170MPa,伸长率A80≥40%,N值≥0.24,r值≥2.2。产品表面质量、耐腐蚀性和冲压成型性优良,满足空调等家电的加工需求,已在家电制造中正常应用。
实施例4
本发明所述家电制造用高耐蚀超深冲锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的生产方法:钢基化学成分重量百分含量:C含量0.005%、Si含量0.02%、P含量0.005%、S含量0.009%、Mn含量0.17%、Als含量0.04%、Ti含量0.06%。板坯加热温度1190℃,终轧温度970℃,卷取温度790℃。冷轧工序压下率85%,清洗槽液温度68℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度80Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度16Pt(点),带钢的热风烘干温度130℃;带钢退火温度853℃,退火炉内带钢单位张6.2N/mm2,入锌锅温度480℃,锌锅成分为1.6%Al,1.2%Mg,La+Ce为0.13%;锌锅温度460℃,采用氮气气刀,镀层重量120g/m2。光整延伸率0.61%,带钢上表面涂油量800mg/m2,下表面涂油量200mg/m2,涂油机雾化电压65KV。
经检测,本实施例连续热镀锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带表面呈均匀的无锌花状态;镀层耐腐蚀在中性盐雾试验条件下出现红锈的时间≥1500h;屈服强度ReL≤152MPa,伸长率A80≥42%,N值≥0.26,r值≥2.4。产品表面质量、耐腐蚀性和冲压成型性优良,满足空调等家电的加工需求,已在家电制造中正常应用。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本发明的思想,其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。
本发明实施所得锌铝镁钢板/带以家电制造行业为例,其应用包含但不局限于家电制造领域,还包括各类对产品表面质量、冲压性能和耐蚀性能要求较高的生产制造领域。
Claims (6)
1.冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带,其特征是:包括基板和镀层,所述基板的化学成分按重量百分比计为:C≤0.0080%、Si≤0.04%、P≤0.010%、S≤0.015%、Mn:0.10~0.20%、Als:0.020~0.060%、Ti:0.030~0.070%,其余为Fe及不可避免的杂质;所述镀层的化学成分按重量百分比计为:Al:1.1~2.5%,Mg:1.1~1.8%,La+Ce:0.12~0.30%,其余为Zn及不可避免的杂质。
2.如权利要求1所述的冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带,其特征是:所述镀层表面具有一层由Al2O3、ZnO和MgO所组成的氧化膜。
3.权利要求1所述的冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的制备方法,其特征是,包括以下步骤:
a、热轧工艺:板坯加热温度为1130~1200℃,终轧温度为900~970℃,卷取温度为740~800℃;
b、冷轧工序:压下率控制在70%~90%;
c、脱脂清洗工艺:槽液温度控制在50~70℃,脱脂槽碱液游离碱度为65~80Pt(点)、漂洗槽游离碱度≤20Pt(点),带钢的热风烘干温度≥120℃;
d、退火工艺:带钢退火温度为800~860℃,退火炉内带钢单位张力控制在4~7N/mm2;
e、热浸镀工艺:入锌锅温度为430~470℃,锌锅成分为Al:1.1~2.5%, Mg: 1.1~1.8%,La+Ce:0.12~0.30%,其余为锌及不可避免的杂质;
f、气刀工艺:采用氮气气刀,镀层重量控制在60~220g/m2;
g、光整工艺:控制光整延伸率≤0.9%。
4.如权利要求3所述的冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的制备方法,其特征是:在钢板/带制备完成后到运输存库之前还包括表面处理工艺,所述表面处理工艺包括在钢板/带表面设置环保涂层或涂油处理。
5.如权利要求4所述的冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的制备方法,其特征是:环保涂层为耐***层,涂层厚度为0.8~1.2μm,固化烘干温度100~120℃。
6.如权利要求4所述的冲压用锌铝镁合金镀层钢板/带的制备方法,其特征是:进行涂油处理时钢板/带上、下表面涂油量为500~1200mg,涂油机雾化电压为50~70KV。
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