CN113498649A - Strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil - Google Patents
Strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113498649A CN113498649A CN202110895164.5A CN202110895164A CN113498649A CN 113498649 A CN113498649 A CN 113498649A CN 202110895164 A CN202110895164 A CN 202110895164A CN 113498649 A CN113498649 A CN 113498649A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a strong reduction treatment method for enriching and reducing cadmium in soil, which comprises the steps of firstly detecting the content of cadmium and selenium in the soil environment in a target area, and dividing the target area according to the difference of the content of the cadmium and the selenium; then, local meteorological conditions of the land in each grade area are detected, corresponding amount of high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials are matched for the land meeting the meteorological conditions, and the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the surface layer of the land to be transformed are uniformly stirred and distributed through a rotary tillage rake; and (3) coating the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed, and then removing the coating. The invention has low cost of raw materials, can help to solve the problem of pollution of solid wastes such as agricultural straws and the like, and greatly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of resources; the method can effectively eliminate the influence of cadmium element on the growth and development of plants and the pollution of crops caused by the excessive residual cadmium element, enhance the soil fertility and improve the nutritive value of agricultural products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil improvement method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural production.
Background
At present, in agricultural production, heavy metal elements have great influence on the healthy growth and development of vegetation; on the other hand, heavy metal elements often remain in crops, so that the crops are seriously polluted and the health of human bodies is finally influenced, and aiming at the problem, although various methods and products for improving the soil are provided currently, the current soil improvement methods and products are often high in production, preparation and use cost on one hand, and on the other hand, the pollution of the heavy metal elements can only be treated or inhibited singly, the nutritional ingredients of the soil cannot be effectively improved, the soil fertility is still relatively low, and a large amount of follow-up work is required, so that the current soil treatment effect is poor, and the requirements of agricultural production activities and soil treatment are difficult to effectively meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a strong reduction treatment method for enriching the selenium and reducing the cadmium in the soil, which is helpful for solving the problem of pollution of solid wastes such as agricultural straws and the like, greatly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, effectively improves the soil structure, enhances the soil fertility and improves the nutritive value of agricultural products.
A strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil comprises the following steps:
s1, performing conditions, namely detecting the content of cadmium and selenium in the soil environment in the target area, dividing the target area according to the difference of the content of cadmium and selenium, and dividing the soil environment in the target area into at least three grades; then, local meteorological conditions of the land in each level region are detected, and the condition that the temperature is more than 30 ℃ and the weather is clear is selected as the construction premise;
s2, soil improvement, after the step S1 is completed, matching a corresponding amount of high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials for the land meeting meteorological conditions according to the land grade divided in the step S1, and uniformly stirring and distributing the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the surface layer of the land to be improved through a rotary tillage rake, wherein the mixing depth is not less than 10 cm, and the concentration of the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials in the distributed soil is 2% -5%;
and S3, aging, after the step S2 is completed, coating a film covering device on the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed, isolating the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed from the external air environment for 25-30 days, and removing the film.
Furthermore, when the target area is divided, the difference value of the concentration average values of the cadmium element and the selenium element between two adjacent grades is 0.1-0.5 mg/kg.
Further, in the step S2, the adopted high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 2-5.4% of high-selenium bean dregs or 1-6.2% of high-selenium rice straws or 3-10.5% of high-selenium wheat bran, and the balance of a high-selenium organic fertilizer.
Furthermore, the high-selenium rice straw has the length of 1-5 mm and the width of 0.1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the selenium content of the high-selenium bean dregs, the high-selenium rice straws and the high-selenium wheat bran is 0.5-10 mg/kg.
The invention also provides a film covering device, which comprises a bearing groove, an air duct, a pressure plate, a protective cover film, positioning anchors, positioning pins, positioning rings, an exhaust pump, a control valve, a temperature and humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a driving circuit, wherein the bearing groove is of a U-shaped groove-shaped structure in cross section, the axes of the bearing groove and the ground plane are distributed in parallel, at least two bearing grooves are distributed in parallel, a plurality of positioning anchors are uniformly distributed on the lower end surface of the bearing groove along the axial direction of the bearing groove, the axial lines of the positioning anchors and the axial lines of the bearing groove form an included angle of 30-90 degrees, a plurality of positioning pins are vertically connected with the bottom of the bearing groove and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the bearing groove, the protective cover film is embedded between the two bearing grooves distributed in parallel, the two side surfaces of the protective cover film are connected with the positioning pins in the bearing groove through a plurality of positioning rings, and the pressure plate is embedded in the upper end surface of the bearing groove, with bear groove up end parallel distribution and offset with the locating pin up end, the air duct is located the protective cover membrane below, with bear the groove lateral surface and be connected and with bear groove axis parallel distribution, the air duct lateral wall is equipped with a plurality of air inlets, the air inlet all is located the protective cover membrane below, the air duct both ends are located bears the groove both ends outside at least 5 centimetres and in a control valve intercommunication, and wherein one end passes through control valve and air pump intercommunication, temperature and humidity sensor, oxygen sensor are all at least one, are located the bearing groove lateral surface that the protective cover membrane corresponds, drive circuit and bear the groove external surface connection to respectively with air pump, control valve, temperature and humidity sensor, oxygen sensor electric connection.
Furthermore, in the bearing grooves, when the number of the bearing grooves on the same side is two or more, two adjacent bearing grooves are coaxially distributed and are mutually communicated through the connecting buckle.
Furthermore, the driving circuit is a circuit system based on an industrial single chip microcomputer.
According to the invention, through the steps of the strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil, on one hand, the raw material cost is low, the problem of pollution of solid wastes such as agricultural straws can be solved, and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources is greatly improved; on the other hand, by arranging the formula of the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material and the film covering device for film covering, air in the environment between the soil and the protective cover film is discharged, and the oxygen concentration is reduced, so that the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is quickly decomposed in an oxygen-free environment and reacts with cadmium in the soil, the soil fertility is improved, the cadmium is solidified, the situation that the growth and development of plants are influenced and agricultural products are polluted due to the absorption of cadmium by the plants is prevented, the soil structure can be effectively improved, the soil fertility is enhanced, and the nutritive value of the agricultural products is improved.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description;
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a film;
fig. 3 is a partial structure diagram of the cross section of the bearing groove.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the implementation of the technical means, creation features, achievement of the purpose and the efficacy of the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, a strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil comprises the following steps:
s1, performing conditions, namely detecting the content of cadmium and selenium in the soil environment in the target area, dividing the target area according to the difference of the content of cadmium and selenium, and dividing the soil environment in the target area into at least three grades; then, local meteorological conditions of the land in each level region are detected, and the condition that the temperature is more than 30 ℃ and the weather is clear is selected as the construction premise;
s2, soil improvement, after the step S1 is completed, matching a corresponding amount of high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials for the land meeting meteorological conditions according to the land grade divided in the step S1, and uniformly stirring and distributing the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the surface layer of the land to be improved through a rotary tillage rake, wherein the mixing depth is not less than 10 cm, and the concentration of the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials in the distributed soil is 2% -5%;
and S3, aging, after the step S2 is completed, coating a film covering device on the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed, isolating the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed from the external air environment for 25-30 days, and removing the film.
When the target area is divided, the difference value of the concentration average values of the cadmium element and the selenium element between two adjacent grades is 0.1-0.5 mg/kg.
Meanwhile, in the step S2, the adopted high-selenium easily-degradable organic material consists of the following components in parts by weight: 2-5.4% of high-selenium bean dregs or 1-6.2% of high-selenium rice straws or 3-10.5% of high-selenium wheat bran, and the balance of a high-selenium organic fertilizer. The length of the high-selenium rice straw is 1-5 mm, and the width of the high-selenium rice straw is 0.1-3 mm; in the invention, the selenium content of the high-selenium bean dregs, the high-selenium rice straws and the high-selenium wheat bran is 0.5-10 mg/kg.
Referring to fig. 2 to 3, in the present embodiment, when the step S3 is performed, the adopted film covering device includes a bearing groove 1, an air duct 2, a pressing plate 3, a protective cover film 4, positioning anchors 5, positioning pins 6, positioning rings 7, an exhaust pump 8, a control valve 9, a temperature and humidity sensor 10, an oxygen sensor 11, and a driving circuit 12, where the bearing groove 1 has a cross-section in a "u" -shaped groove-like structure, and the axes of the bearing groove 1 are distributed in parallel with the ground plane, at least two bearing grooves 1 are distributed in parallel with each other, a plurality of positioning anchors 5 are uniformly distributed on the lower end surface of the bearing groove 1 along the axis of the bearing groove 1, the axes of the positioning anchors 5 and the axis of the bearing groove 1 form an included angle of 30 to 90 degrees, a plurality of positioning pins 6 are vertically connected to the bottom of the bearing groove 1 and uniformly distributed along the axis of the bearing groove 1, and the protective cover film 4 is embedded between two bearing grooves 1 distributed in parallel, and the surfaces of both sides of the protective cover film 4 are connected with the positioning pins 6 in the bearing groove 1 through a plurality of positioning rings 7, the pressing plate 3 is embedded in the upper end surface of the bearing groove 1 and is parallelly distributed with the upper end surface of the bearing groove 1 and is abutted against the upper end surface of the positioning pins 6, the air duct 2 is positioned below the protective cover film 4 and is connected with the outer side surface of the bearing groove 1 and is parallelly distributed with the axis of the bearing groove 1, a plurality of air inlets 13 are arranged on the side wall of the air duct 2, the air inlets 13 are positioned below the protective cover film 4, the two ends of the air duct 2 are positioned on the outer sides of the two ends of the bearing groove 1 by at least 5 cm and are communicated with a control valve 9, one end of the air duct is communicated with the exhaust pump 8 through the control valve 9, at least one of the temperature and humidity sensor 10 and the oxygen sensor 11 is positioned on the outer side surface of the bearing groove 1 corresponding to the protective cover film 4, the driving circuit 12 is connected with the outer surface of the bearing groove 1 and is respectively communicated with the exhaust pump 8, The control valve 9, the temperature and humidity sensor 10 and the oxygen sensor 11 are electrically connected.
In this embodiment, when the number of the bearing grooves 1 on the same side in the bearing grooves 1 is two or more, two adjacent bearing grooves 1 are coaxially distributed and are communicated with each other through the connecting buckle; the driving circuit 12 is a circuit system based on an industrial single chip microcomputer.
When the film covering device is used, firstly, bearing grooves are distributed along the direction of uniformly stirring and distributing the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the land surface layer to be modified, the bearing grooves 1 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the direction of uniformly stirring and distributing the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the land surface layer to be modified and are distributed in parallel with the axis of the bearing grooves, then, the air guide pipe 2, the positioning anchorage device 5, the positioning pin 6, the positioning ring 7, the exhaust pump 8, the control valve 9, the temperature and humidity sensor 10, the oxygen sensor 11 and the driving circuit 12 are connected and positioned with the bearing grooves, the primary positioning of the film covering device is completed, finally, the protective covering film 4 is connected with the positioning pin through the positioning ring 7 and is pressed and positioned by the pressing plate 3, so that the protective covering film 4 is directly covered on the soil surface of the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the land surface layer to be modified after uniform stirring and distributing operation is carried out on the synchronous positioning ring 7, this novel assembly can be accomplished.
After the novel assembly is completed, firstly, temperature, humidity environment and oxygen content of the environment between soil and the protective covering film 4 in the covering state of the protective covering film 4 are measured by the oxygen sensor 11, then the exhaust pump 8 is driven, the control valve 9 runs, the air inlet 13 of the surface is measured by the exhaust pump 8 through the air duct 2 and the air duct 2, the air in the environment between the soil and the protective covering film 4 in the covering state of the protective covering film 4 is discharged, the oxygen concentration is reduced, organic materials which are easy to degrade by high selenium are rapidly decomposed and react with cadmium elements in the soil in the anaerobic environment, the soil fertility is improved, the cadmium examples are solidified, and the phenomenon that plants are absorbed by cadmium elements by multiple plants to cause the growth and development of the plants and agricultural products to receive pollution is prevented.
The film covering device of the embodiment is reasonable in structure and easy to construct, the environmental state of plant growth and development is effectively monitored through the bearing groove, the exhaust pump 8, the control valve 9, the temperature and humidity sensor 10 and the oxygen sensor 11, the positioning ring 7 is connected with the positioning pin 6 in the bearing groove 1, the film covering efficiency is improved, the influence of cadmium elements on the plant growth and development is effectively eliminated, and the pollution condition of crops is generated due to the fact that cadmium elements are remained and exceed the standard.
Based on the above, the method for treating the soil by the strong reduction of selenium and cadmium in the soil has the advantages of low raw material cost, contribution to solving the problem of pollution of solid wastes such as agricultural straws and the like, and great improvement on the comprehensive utilization rate of resources; on the other hand, by arranging the formula of the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material, the influence of cadmium element on the growth and development of plants and the pollution of crops caused by the excessive residual cadmium element can be effectively eliminated, and meanwhile, the soil structure can be effectively improved, the soil fertility is enhanced, and the nutritional value of agricultural products is improved.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, performing conditions, namely detecting the content of cadmium and selenium in the soil environment in the target area, dividing the target area according to the difference of the content of cadmium and selenium, and dividing the soil environment in the target area into at least three grades; then, local meteorological conditions of the land in each level region are detected, and the condition that the temperature is more than 30 ℃ and the weather is clear is selected as the construction premise;
s2, soil improvement, after the step S1 is completed, matching a corresponding amount of high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials for the land meeting meteorological conditions according to the land grade divided in the step S1, and uniformly stirring and distributing the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials and the surface layer of the land to be improved through a rotary tillage rake, wherein the mixing depth is not less than 10 cm, and the concentration of the high-selenium easily-degradable organic materials in the distributed soil is 2% -5%;
and S3, aging, after the step S2 is completed, coating the film covering device on the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed, isolating the land surface on which the high-selenium easily-degradable organic material is distributed from the external air environment for 25-30 days, and removing the film.
2. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching and reducing the cadmium in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the average concentration values of the cadmium element and the selenium element between two adjacent grades is 0.1-0.5 mg/kg when the target area is divided.
3. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step of S2, the adopted high-selenium easily-degradable organic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-5.4% of high-selenium bean dregs or 1-6.2% of high-selenium rice straws or 3-10.5% of high-selenium wheat bran, and the balance of a high-selenium organic fertilizer.
4. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 3, wherein the length of the high-selenium rice straw is 1-5 mm, and the width of the high-selenium rice straw is 0.1-3 mm.
5. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 3, wherein the selenium content of the high-selenium bean dregs, the high-selenium rice straw and the high-selenium wheat bran is 0.5-10 mg/kg.
6. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, when the film covering device is operated, the film covering device comprises a carrying groove, an air duct, a pressing plate, a protective covering film, positioning anchors, positioning pins, positioning rings, an exhaust pump, a control valve, a temperature and humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a driving circuit, wherein the carrying groove has a cross section in a "u" -shaped groove-like structure, the axes of the carrying groove and the ground plane are distributed in parallel, at least two carrying grooves are distributed in parallel, a plurality of positioning anchors are uniformly distributed on the lower end surface of the carrying groove along the axial direction of the carrying groove, the axes of the positioning anchors and the axial direction of the carrying groove form an included angle of 30-90 degrees, a plurality of positioning pins are vertically connected with the bottom of the carrying groove and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the carrying groove, and the protective covering film is embedded between the two carrying grooves distributed in parallel, the two side surfaces of the protective cover film are connected with the positioning pins in the bearing groove through a plurality of positioning rings, the pressure plate is embedded in the upper end surface of the bearing groove, is distributed in parallel with the upper end surface of the bearing groove and is propped against the upper end surface of the positioning pin, the air duct is positioned below the protective cover film, is connected with the outer side surface of the bearing groove and is distributed in parallel with the axial line of the bearing groove, a plurality of air inlets are arranged on the side wall of the air duct, the air inlet is positioned below the protective cover membrane, the two ends of the air duct are positioned at least 5 cm outside the two ends of the bearing groove and are communicated with a control valve, one end of the protective cover film is communicated with the exhaust pump through a control valve, at least one of the temperature and humidity sensor and the oxygen sensor is positioned on the outer side surface of the bearing groove corresponding to the protective cover film, the drive circuit is connected with the outer surface of the bearing groove and is respectively and electrically connected with the exhaust pump, the control valve, the temperature and humidity sensor and the oxygen sensor.
7. The film covering device for the strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 1, comprising a bearing groove, an air duct, a pressing plate, a protective covering film, a positioning anchor, a positioning pin, a positioning ring, an exhaust pump, a control valve, a temperature and humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a driving circuit, wherein the protective covering film is embedded between the two bearing grooves in parallel, the two side surfaces of the protective covering film are connected with the positioning pin in the bearing groove through the positioning rings, the pressing plate is embedded in the upper end surface of the bearing groove and is distributed in parallel with the upper end surface of the bearing groove and abuts against the upper end surface of the positioning pin, the air duct is located below the protective covering film, is connected with the outer side surface of the bearing groove and is distributed in parallel with the axis of the bearing groove, the side wall of the air duct is provided with a plurality of air inlets, the air inlets are located below the protective covering film, the two ends of the air duct are located outside the two ends of the bearing groove by at least 5 cm and are communicated with the control valve, and one end of the air outlet pipe is communicated with the exhaust pump through a control valve, the temperature and humidity sensor and the oxygen sensor are at least one and located on the outer side face of the bearing groove corresponding to the protective covering film, and the driving circuit is connected with the outer surface of the bearing groove and is electrically connected with the exhaust pump, the control valve, the temperature and humidity sensor and the oxygen sensor respectively.
8. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 7, wherein the cross section of the bearing groove is U-shaped groove-shaped, the axis of the U-shaped groove-shaped structure is parallel to the ground plane, at least two bearing grooves are parallel to each other, a plurality of positioning anchors are uniformly distributed on the lower end surface of the bearing groove along the axial direction of the bearing groove, the axial lines of the positioning anchors and the axial lines of the bearing groove form an included angle of 30-90 degrees, and a plurality of positioning pins are vertically connected with the bottom of the bearing groove and uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the bearing groove.
9. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 7, wherein when the number of the bearing grooves on the same side is two or more, two adjacent bearing grooves are coaxially distributed and are communicated with each other through the connecting buckle.
10. The strong reduction treatment method for enriching selenium and reducing cadmium in soil according to claim 7, wherein the driving circuit is a circuit system based on an industrial single chip microcomputer.
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