CN113498582B - Nfc卡通信中的动态功率水平 - Google Patents
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Abstract
各种实施例涉及基于非接触式卡与计算设备之间的反馈机制,将到计算设备的NFC读取器的功率从第一功率水平动态地和暂时地调整到第二功率水平。所述非接触式卡可以提供包含校验和的消息。所述计算设备可以接收所述消息并且基于所接收到的消息来计算校验和。通过比较这两个校验和,可以确定整个消息是否已经被正确地接收。如果没有,则到NFC读取器的功率可以被暂时地提高以允许非接触式卡与计算设备之间更佳的通信。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年6月17日提交的题为“NFC卡通信中的动态功率水平(DYNAMICPOWER LEVELS IN NFC CARD COMMUNICATIONS)”的美国专利申请序列号16/442,603的优先权(于2019年12月24日作为美国专利号10,516,447被授权)。上述专利申请的内容通过引用以其整体并入本文。
背景技术
近场通讯(NFC)是一组通信协议,其使两个NFC使能的组件能够通过将其物理上相互靠近来建立通信。NFC使能的组件的一个示例可以是便携计算设备例如智能手机。NFC使能的组件的另一示例可以是非接触式卡,其可以是***尺寸的物品,其包含被配置为经由NFC与终端设备例如智能手机进行通信的嵌入式集成电路。
典型地,为了让智能手机与非接触式卡相互之间进行通信,非接触式卡必须以精确地方式被放置紧贴智能手机以实现NFC读写能力。对于需要在智能手机与非接触式卡之间多次读写的复杂交易,卡可能需要被放置在智能手机附近的特定“最有效点”一段预定的时间量。
然而,需要用户在将非接触式卡精确地放置在最有效点处一段特定持续时间不仅麻烦,而且非常不可靠。因此,有必要弥补用户的不准确性并且提高卡的整体可用性。
主要内容
各种实施例涉及基于非接触式卡与计算设备之间的反馈机制,将到计算设备的NFC读取器的功率从第一功率水平动态地且暂时地调整到第二功率水平。所述非接触式卡可以提供包含校验和的消息。所述计算设备可以接收所述消息并且基于所接收到的消息来计算校验和。通过比较这两个校验和,可以确定整个消息是否已经被正确地接收。如果没有,则到NFC读取器的功率可以被暂时地提高以允许非接触式卡与计算设备之间更佳的通信。
附图说明
图1A示出了根据一个或多个实施例的示例数据传输***。
图1B示出了根据一个或多个实施例的用于提供认证访问的示例序列图。
图2示出了根据一个或多个实施例的使用非接触式卡的示例***。
图3A示出了根据一个或多个实施例的示例非接触式卡。
图3B示出了根据一个或多个实施例的非接触式卡的示例接触垫片。
图4示出了根据一个或多个实施例的非接触式卡与移动计算设备之间的反馈机制的示例序列图。
图5示出了根据一个或多个实施例的示例校验和计算。
图6示出了根据一个或多个实施例的读取器线圈的功率水平的示例调整。
图7示出了根据一个或多个实施例的用于NDEF消息的一个或多个部分的示例存储与比较技术。
图8示出了根据一个或多个实施例的示例流程图。
具体实施方式
各种实施例主要涉及动态地调整到设备的NFC读取器的功率,以改进与NFC使能的组件之间的通信。例如,所述设备可以是移动计算设备例如智能手机,并且所述NFC使能的组件可以是非接触式卡。所述移动计算设备可以被配置为评估来自非接触式卡的通信的准确性、完整性和/或完成性,并且基于该评估,所述移动计算设备可以暂时地提高到NFC读取器的功率,例如从第一功率水平(例如默认功率设置)到第二功率水平(例如最大功率设置的一小部分或一部分)。至少在这方面,更强劲的磁场可以由NFC读取器临时创建,其可以提供更强大的电场给非接触式卡,从而改进移动通信设备与非接触式卡之间的通信。
在实施例中,反馈机制可以被配置在移动计算设备与非接触式卡之间,以用于计算设备评估从非接触式卡所接收到的消息或文件的准确性、完整性和/或完成性。例如,当非接触式卡进入由移动计算设备的NFC读取器所生成的活跃的磁场时,非接触式卡可以发送NFC数据交换格式(NDEF)消息或文件,其包含具有校验和的有效载荷。当移动计算设备检测到所述NDEF消息时,所述设备可以使用校验和算法或函数来计算校验和,并且确定计算的校验和是否与NDEF消息中所包含的校验和相匹配。如果校验和不相匹配或不准确或不完整,则到NFC读取器(例如NFC读取器线圈)的功率可以被暂时地提高以建立更强大的磁场。这一过程可以被重复直到两者校验和相匹配,或直到整个NDEF消息已经被接收到。在NDEF消息已经被成功接收之后,或在预定的持续时间之后(即使NFC读取器未能读取NDEF消息),到NFC的功率可以被逐步降低到正常或默认水平。
根据示例,移动计算设备可以例如基于计算的校验和来确定被正确地接收的NDEF消息的百分比。取决于该百分比,到NFC读取器的功率可能会相应地斜升。例如如果仅45%的消息由移动计算设备检测或接收,则到NFC读取器的斜升功率可能是在不对读卡器线圈造成损坏的情况下,可提供给NFC读取器的最大功率的55%。因此,换言之,第二功率水平或动态地调整的功率水平可以是可提供给NFC读取器的最大功率的一小部分或一部分,其中所述一小部分与已经被正确地检测或接收的NDEF消息的百分比成反比。在其它实例中,如果被准确接收的消息的百分比低于预定的阈值百分比例如20%,则到NFC读取器的功率可以被提高到最大功率水平。
在进一步的示例中,移动计算设备可以确定每次非接触式卡被读取时,例如在经调整的功率水平处,完整NDEF消息的哪些部分已经被正确地接收。所述消息的那些部分可以被存储在存储器中。然后移动计算设备可以比较所述消息的存储部分,以确定所述消息的内容是否已经被整体获取。
在以前的解决方案中,在NFC读取器上的单个功率设置一般上已经被用于与非接触式卡进行通信,其给用户将非接触式卡以准确的方式放置在移动计算设备附近带来了不必要的负担。本文中所述的实施例和示例相较以前的解决方案克服并且具有优势,在于其弥补了用户的不准确性,并且在当需要时通过动态地和暂时地斜升到NFC读取器的功率以改进卡通信从而提高了卡的可用性。
现在将参照附图,其中类似的附图标号自始至终被用于指代类似的元件。在接下来的说明书中,出于解释的目的,阐述了许多具体的细节从而提供了对其完整的理解。然而,显而易见的是新颖的实施例能够在没有这些具体的细节的情况下进行实践。在其它实例中,众所周知的结构和设备以方框图的形式被示出来便于对其进行描述。旨在涵盖权利要求书范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代物。
图1A示出了根据一个或多个实施例的示例数据传输***。如下所进一步讨论的,***100包括非接触式卡105、客户端设备110、网络115和服务器120。虽然图1A示出了组件的单个实例,但是***100可以包括任何数量的组件。
***100可以包括一个或多个非接触式卡105,其将参照图3A和图3B在下文被进一步解释。在一些实施例中,非接触式卡105可以利用示例中的NFC与客户端设备110进行无线通信。
***100可以包括客户端设备110,其可以是网络使能的计算机。如文中所指,网络使能的计算机可以包括但不限于计算机设备或包括例如服务器、网络家电、个人计算机、工作站、电话、智能手机、手持式PC、个人数字助理、瘦客户端、胖客户端、互联网浏览器,或其它设备在内的通信设备。客户端设备110还可以是移动计算设备,例如来自的iPhone、iPod、iPad或运行Apple的操作***的任何其它合适的设备,运行Microsoft的移动操作***的任何设备,运行Google的操作***的任何设备,和/或任何其它合适的移动计算设备,例如智能手机、平板电脑,或类似可穿戴移动设备。
客户端设备110设备可以包括处理器和存储器,并且可以理解的是处理电路***可以包含额外的组件,包括处理器、存储器、错误和奇偶校验/CRC校验器、数据编码器、防冲突算法、控制器、命令解码器、安全原句和防篡改硬件,如执行本文中所述的功能所必需的。客户端设备110可以进一步包括显示器和输入设备。所述显示器可以是用于呈现可视信息的任何类型的设备,例如计算机显示器、平板显示器,以及包括包括液晶显示器、发光二极管显示器、等离子面板和阴极射线管显示器在内的移动设备屏幕。所述输入设备可以包括用于将信息输入至用户设备中的任何设备,其对用户设备是可用的并且由用户设备所支持,例如触摸屏、键盘、鼠标、光标控制设备、触摸屏、麦克风、数码相机、录像机或摄录像机。这些设备可以被用于输入信息并且与本文中所述的软件和其它设备进行交互。
在一些示例中,***100的客户端设备110可以执行一个或多个应用例如软件应用,其使网络通信能够例如与***100的一个或多个组件进行网络通信并且传送和/或接收数据。
客户端设备110可以经由一个或多个网络115与一个或多个服务器120进行通信,并且可以作为与服务器120的相应的前端到后端配对而进行操作。客户端设备110可以例如从在客户端设备110上执行的移动设备应用传送一个或多个请求到服务器120。所述一个或多个请求可以与从服务器120获取数据相关联。服务器120可以从客户端设备110接收一个或多个请求。基于来自客户端设备110的一个或多个请求,服务器120可以被配置为获取来自一个或多个数据库(未示出)的所请求的数据。基于接收到来自一个或多个数据库的所请求的数据,服务器120可以被配置为向服务器设备110传送所接收到的数据,所接收到的数据响应于一个或多个请求。
***100可以包括一个或多个网络115。在一些示例中,网络115可以是无线网络、有线网络,或无线网络与有线网络的任意组合中的一个或多个,并且可以被配置为将客户端设备110连接到服务器120。例如,网络115可以包括下列中一个或多个:光纤网络、无源光学网络、有线网络、互联网网络、卫星网络、无线局域网(LAN)、全球移动通信***、个人通信服务、个域网、无线应用协议、多媒体消息服务、增强型消息服务、短消息服务、基于时分复用的***、基于码分多址(CDMA)的***、D-AMPS、Wi-Fi、固定无线数据、IEEE 802.11b,802.15.1,802.11n和802.11g、蓝牙、NFC、射频标识(RFID)、Wi-Fi等。
此外,网络115可以包括但不限于电话线路、光纤、IEEE以太网802.3、广域网、无线个域网、LAN,或例如互联网在内的全球网络。此外,网络115可以支持互联网网络、无线通信网络、蜂窝网络等,或其任意组合。网络115可以进一步包括一个网络或任何数量的上述示例性类型的网络,其作为独立网络或彼此之间协作而进行操作。网络115可以利用与其通信地耦合的一个或多个网络元件的一个或多个协议。网络115可以转化为其它协议,或从其它协议转化为网络设备的一个或多个协议。虽然网络115被描绘为单个网络,但是应当理解的是根据一个或多个示例,网络115可以包括多个互联的网络,例如互联网、服务供应商的网络、有线电视网络、企业网络,比如***协会网络和家庭网络。
***100可以包括一个或多个服务器120。在一些示例中,服务器120可以包括一个或多个处理器,其被耦合到存储器。服务器120可以被配置为中央***、服务器或平台,以在不同时间处控制和调用各种数据来执行多个工作流动作。服务器120可以被配置为连接到一个或多个数据库。服务器120可以被连接到至少一个客户端设备110。
图1B示出了根据一个或多个实施例的用于提供认证的访问的示例序列图。所述图可以包括无接触式卡105和客户端设备110,其可以包括应用122和处理器124。图1B可以参照与图1A中所示类似的组件。
在步骤102处,应用122与非接触式卡105进行通信(例如在被带至非接触式卡105附近之后)。应用122与非接触式卡105之间的通信可以涉及非接触式卡105被充分地靠近客户端设备110的读卡器(未示出),以使NFC数据能够在应用122与非接触式卡105之间传递。
在步骤104处,在已经在客户端设备110与非接触式卡之间建立通信之后,非接触式卡105生成消息认证码(MAC)密文。在一些示例中,这可以发生在当非接触式卡105被由应用122读取时。特别地,这可以发生在一经近场数据交换(NDEF)标签的读取例如NFC读取时,其可以根据NFC数据交换格式而被创建。
例如,读取器比如应用122可以传送具有NDEF生产的小程序的小程序ID的消息,例如小程序选择消息。一经所述选择的确认,则随后读取文件消息的一序列选择文件消息可以被传送。例如,所述序列可以包括“选择容量文件”,“读取容量文件”和“选择NDEF文件”。此时,由非接触式卡105所维持的计数器数值可以被更新或递增,其随后是“读取NDEF文件”。此时,所述消息可以被生成,其可以包括报头和共享秘密。然后会话密钥可以被生成。所述MAC密文可以从所述消息中被创建,其可以包括报头和共享秘密。MAC密文然后可以与随机数据的一个或多个块连结,并且MAC密文和随机数(RND)可以利用会话密钥被加密。其后,所述密文和所述报头头可以被连结,并且被编码为ASCII十六进制并且以NDEF消息格式被返回(响应于“读取NDEF文件”消息)。
在一些示例中,MAC密文可以作为NDEF标签被传送,并且在其它示例中,MAC密文可以与统一资源指示符被包含在一起(例如作为格式化字符串)。
在一些示例中,应用122可以被配置为向非接触式卡105传送请求,所述请求包括生成MAC密文的指令。
在步骤106处,非接触式卡105向应用122发送MAC密文。在一些示例中,MAC密文的传输经由NFC发生。然而,本公开并不限于此。在其它示例中,该通信可以经由蓝牙、Wi-Fi或无线数据通信的其它方式发生。
在步骤108处,应用122向处理器124传达MAC密文。在步骤112处,处理器124按照来自应用122的指令,验证MAC密文。例如,如下说明的,MAC密文可以被验证。
在一些示例中,验证MAC密文可以由除客户端设备110之外的设备,例如与客户端设备110进行数据通信的服务器120(如图1A所示)执行。例如,处理器124可以输出MAC密文以用于传输到服务器120,其可以验证MAC密文。
在一些示例中,MAC密文可以用作数字签名以用于验证目的。其它数字签名算法,比如公钥非对称算法(例如数字签名算法和RSA算法)或零知识协议可以被用于执行该验证。
可以理解的是,在一些示例中,非接触式卡105可以在非接触式卡被带至客户端设备110附近之后发起通信。举例来说,非接触式卡105可以向客户端设备110发送消息,例如指示非接触式卡已经建立通信。此后,如上所述,客户端设备110的应用可以在步骤102处继续与非接触式卡进行通信。
图2示出了使用非接触式卡的示例***200。***200可以包括非接触式卡205,一个或多个客户端设备210,网络215,服务器220、225,一个或多个硬件安全性模块230和数据库235。虽然图2示出了组件的单个实例,但是***200可以包括任何数量的组件。
***200可以包括一个或多个非接触式卡205,其将参照图3A和图3B在下文进一步解释。在一些实施例中,非接触式卡205可以与客户端设备210进行无线通信例如NFC通信。例如,非接触式卡205可以包括一个或多个芯片,例如射频识别芯片,其被配置为经由NFC或其它短程协议进行通信。在其它实施例中,非接触式卡205可以与客户端设备210进行通信,通过其它方式包括但不限于蓝牙、卫星、Wi-Fi、有线通信,和/或无线和有线连接的任意组合。根据一些实施例,非接触式卡205可以被配置为在当非接触式卡205在读卡器213的范围内时,通过NFC与客户端设备210的读卡器213(其可以在本文中另外称为NFC读取器、NFC读卡器或读取器)进行通信。在其它示例中,与非接触式卡205的通信可以通过物理接口被实现,例如通用串行总线接口或刷卡接口。
***200可以包括客户端设备210,其可以是网络使能的计算机。如文中所指,网络使能的计算机可以包括但不限于:例如计算机设备,或包括例如服务器、网络家电、个人电脑、工作站、移动设备、电话、手持式PC、个人数字助理、瘦客户端、胖客户端、互联网浏览器,或其它设备在内的通信设备。一个或多个客户端设备210还可以是移动设备,例如移动设备可以包括来自的iPhone、iPod、iPad或运行Apple的操作***的任何其它移动设备,运行Microsoft的移动操作***的任何设备,运行Google的操作***的任何设备,和/或任何其它智能手机或类似的可穿戴移动设备。在一些示例中,客户端设备210可以与如参照图1A或图1B所述的客户端设备110相同或相似。
客户端设备210可以经由一个或多个网络215与一个或多个服务器220和225进行通信。客户端设备210可以例如从在客户端设备210上执行的应用21传送一个或多个请求到一个或多个服务器220和225。所述一个或多个请求可以与从一个或多个服务器220和225获取数据相关联。服务器220和225可以从客户端设备210接收一个或多个请求。基于来自客户端设备210的一个或多个请求,一个或多个服务器220和225可以被配置为获取来自一个或多个数据库235的所请求的数据。基于接收到来自一个或多个数据库235的所请求的数据,一个或多个服务器220和225可以被配置为向服务器设备210传送所接收到的数据,所接收到的数据响应于一个或多个请求。
***200可以包括一个或多个硬件安全性模块(HSM)230。例如一个或多个HSM 230可以被配置为执行本文中所述的一个或多个加密操作。在一些示例中,一个或多个HSM 230可以被配置为专用安全性设备,其被配置为执行一个或多个加密操作。HSM 230可以被配置,使得密钥绝不对HSM 230之外显露,而是维护在HSM 230内。例如一个或多个HSM 230可以被配置为执行密钥衍生、解密和MAC操作中的至少一个。一个或多个HSM 230可以被包含在服务器220和225内或可以与服务器220和225进行数据通信。
***200可以包括一个或多个网络215。在一些示例中,网络215可以是无线网络、有线网络,或无线网络与有线网络的任意组合中的一个或多个,并且可以被配置为将客户端设备210连接到服务器220和/或225。例如,网络215可以包括下列中一个或多个:光纤网络、无源光学网络、有线网络、蜂窝网络、互联网网络、卫星网络、无线LAN、全球移动通信***、个人通信服务、个域网、无线应用协议、多媒体消息服务、增强型消息服务、短消息服务、基于时分复用的***、基于码分多址(CDMA)的***、D-AMPS、Wi-Fi、固定无线数据、IEEE802.11b,802.15.1,802.11n和802.11g、蓝牙、NFC、RFID、Wi-Fi,和/或其网络的任意组合。作为非限制性示例,来自非接触式卡205与客户端设备210的通信可以包括NFC通信、客户端设备210与运营商之间的蜂窝网络,和运营商与后端之间的互联网。
此外,网络215可以包括但不限于电话线路、光纤、IEEE以太网802.3、广域网、无线个域网、局域网,或例如互联网在内的全球网络。此外,网络215可以支持互联网网络、无线通信网络、蜂窝网络等,或其任意组合。网络215可以进一步包括一个网络或任何数量的上述示例性类型的网络,作为独立网络或彼此之间协作而进行操作。网络215可以利用与其通信地耦合的一个或多个网络元件的一个或多个协议。网络215可以转化为其它协议,或从其它协议转化为网络设备的一个或多个协议。虽然网络215被描绘为单个网络,但是应当理解的是根据一个或多个示例,网络215可以包括多个互联的网络,例如互联网、服务供应商的网络、有线电视网络、企业网络,比如***协会网络和家庭网络。
在根据本公开的各种示例中,***200的客户端设备210可以执行一个或多个应用211,并且包括一个或多个处理器212和一个或多个读卡器213。例如,一个或多个应用211(比如软件应用)可以被配置为得能够例如与***200的一个或多个组件进行网络通信并且传送和/或接收数据。可以理解的是,虽然仅客户端设备210的组件的单个实例被示出在图2中,但是可以使用任何数量的设备210。读卡器213可以被配置为从非接触式卡205读取和/或与非接触式卡205进行通信。连同一个或多个应用211,读卡器213可以与非接触式卡205进行通信。在示例中,读卡器213可以包括电路***或电路***组件例如NFC读取器线圈,其生成磁场以允许客户端设备210与非接触式卡205之间的通信。
任何客户端设备210的应用211可以使用短程无线通信(例如NFC)与非接触式卡205进行通信。所述应用211可以被配置为与客户端设备210的读卡器213接口连接,所述客户端设备210被配置为与非接触式卡205进行通信。应当指出的是,本领域的技术人员将理解小于二十厘米的距离是符合NFC范围的。
在一些实施例中,应用211通过相关联的读取器(例如读卡器213)与非接触式卡205进行通信。
在一些实施例中,卡激活可以在没有用户认证的情况下发生。例如,非接触式卡205可以通过客户端设备210的读卡器213经由NFC与应用211进行通信。所述通信(例如卡贴近客户端设备210的读卡器213的轻击)允许应用211读取与卡相关联的数据并且执行激活。在一些情况下,所述轻击可以激活或启动应用,并且然后发起一个或多个动作或与账户服务器之间的通信以激活卡用于后续使用。在一些情况下,如果应用211并不安装在客户端设备210上,则卡对读卡器213的轻击可以发起应用211的下载(例如导航至应用下载页面)。继安装之后,卡的轻击可以激活或启动应用211,并且然后发起(例如经由应用或其它后端通信)卡的激活。在激活之后,卡可以被使用在包括商业交易在内的各种交易中。
根据一些实施例,非接触式卡205可以包括虚拟支付卡。在那些实施例中,应用211可以通过访问在客户端设备210上所实现的数字钱包,获取与非接触式卡205相关联的信息,其中所述数字钱包包括虚拟支付卡。在一些示例中,虚拟支付卡数据可以包括一个或多个静态或动态生成的虚拟***。
服务器220可以包括与数据库235进行通信的网络服务器。服务器225可以包括账户服务器。在一些示例中,服务器220可以被配置为通过与数据库235中的一个或多个凭据相比较,验证来自非接触式卡205和/或客户端设备210的一个或多个凭据。服务器225可以被配置为授权来自非接触式卡205和/或客户端设备210的一个或多个请求,例如支付和交易。
图3A示出了一个或多个非接触式卡300,其可以包括由服务供应商305所发行的支付卡,例如***、借记卡或代金卡,所述服务供应商被显示在所述卡300的正面或背面。在一些示例中,非接触式卡300与支付卡不相关,并且可以包括但不限于识别卡。在一些示例中,支付卡可以包括双界面非接触式支付卡。非接触式支付卡300可以包括基底310,其可以包括单层或由塑料、金属和其它材料组成的一个或多个的叠层。示例性基底材料包括聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯-乙烯酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯类、阳极化钛、钯、金、碳、纸,以及生物可降解材料。在一些示例中,非接触式卡300可以具有符合ISO/IEC 7810标准的ID-1格式的物理特性,并且非接触式卡另外可以符合ISO/IEC 14443标准。然而,可以理解的是根据本公开,非接触式卡300可以具有不同的特性,并且本公开并不需要非接触式卡被实现在支付卡中。
非接触式卡300还可以包括显示在卡的正面和/或背面的识别信息315,和接触垫片320。所述接触垫片320可以被配置为建立与另一通信设备的接触,例如用户设备、智能手机、膝上型电脑、桌上型电脑或平板计算机。非接触式卡300还可以包括处理电路***、天线和在图3A中未示出的其它组件。这些组件可以位于接触垫片320的后面或基底310上的其他地方。非接触式卡300还可以包括磁条或磁带,其可以位于卡的背面(图3A中未示出)
如图3B所示,图3A的接触垫片320可以包括用于存储和处理信息的处理电路***325,其包括微处理器330和存储器335。可以理解的是,所述处理电路***325可以包含额外的组件,包括处理器、存储器、错误和奇偶校验/CRC校验器、数据编码器、防冲突算法、控制器、命令解码器、安全性原句和防篡改硬件,如执行文中所述的功能所必需的。
所述存储器335可以是只读存储器、一次写入多次读取存储器,或读/写存储器,例如RAM、ROM和EEPROM,并且非接触式卡300可以包括这些存储器中的一个或多个。只读存储器可以是厂家可编程为只读或一次可编程的。一次可编程性提供了写入一次然后读取多次的可能性。写入一次/读取多次存储器在存储器芯片已经出厂之后的某个时间点可以被编程。一旦存储器被编程,其不可以被重写,但是其可以被多次读取。读/写存储器在离厂之后可以被编程并且被多次重新编程。其还可以被多次读取。
所述存储器335可以被配置为存储一个或多个小程序340、一个或多个计数器345和用户标识符350。所述一个或多个小程序340可以包括一个或多个软件应用,其被配置为在一个或多个非接触式卡上执行,例如Java卡小程序。然而,可以理解的是小程序340并不限于Java卡小程序,而是可以是可运行在非接触式卡或具有有限存储器的其它设备上的任何软件应用。所述一个或多个计数器345可以包括足以存储整数的数字计数器。所述用户标识符350可以包括被分配于非接触式卡300的用户的唯一字母数字式标识符,并且所述标识符可以区分所述非接触式卡的用户与其它非接触式卡的用户。在一些示例中,所述用户标识符350可以识别客户和所分配给该客户的账户,并且还可以进一步识别与客户的账户相关联的非接触式卡。
虽然参照接触垫片描述了前述示例性实施例的处理器和存储器元件,但是本公开并不限于此。可以理解的是这些元件可以被实施在垫片320之外,或与其截然分开,或被实施为除处理器330和存储器335元件之外的位于接触垫片320内的另外的元件。
在一些示例中,非接触式卡300可以包括一个或多个天线355。所述一个或多个天线355可以被放置在非接触式卡300内和接触垫片320的处理电路***325周围。例如,一个或多个天线355可以与处理电路***325集成并且一个或多个天线355可以与外部升压线圈被一起使用。再如,一个或多个天线355可以在接触垫片320与处理电路***325的外部。
在实施例中,非接触式卡300的线圈可以充当空心变压器的次级。终端可以通过切削功率或幅度调制来与非接触式卡300进行通信。非接触式卡300可以使用非接触式卡的电源连接中的间隙来推断从终端所传送的数据,其可以通过一个或多个电容器在功能上被维持。非接触式卡300可以通过切换非接触式卡的线圈上的负载或负载调制来进行返回通信。负载调制可以通过干扰在终端的线圈中被检测到。
如上所解释的,非接触式卡300可以被构建在在智能卡或具有有限存储器的其它设备上可操作的软件平台上(例如Java卡),并且一个或多个应用或小程序可以被安全地执行。小程序可以被添加到非接触式卡,以在各种基于移动应用的用例中提供用于多重身份验证(MFA)的一次性密码(OTP)。小程序可以被配置为响应于来自读取器(例如移动NFC读取器)的一个或多个请求(例如近场数据交换请求),并且产生NDEF消息,其包括被编码为NDEF文本标签的加密安全OTP。
图4示出了根据一个或多个实施例的非接触式卡402与移动计算设备404之间的反馈机制的示例的序列图400。所述移动计算设备404可以是客户端设备,例如被配置为与非接触式卡402进行通信的智能手机。如上所述,所述移动计算设备404可以至少包括NFC读卡器,其被配置为经由NFC读取器线圈建立与非接触式卡之间的NFC通信。
在步骤410处,通信可以被建立在非接触式卡402与移动计算设备404之间。在示例中,所述通信可以在当非接触式卡进入由移动计算设备的NFC读取器线圈所生成的活跃的磁场时被自动建立。在其它示例中,移动计算设备404可以在当计算设备404检测非接触式卡402已经进入由NFC读取器线圈所生成的活跃的磁场时,通过向非接触式卡402发送信号来首先建立通信。可以理解的是,步骤410可以是可选步骤。在示例中,一旦所述卡进入移动计算设备的NFC读取器线圈的活跃的磁场,非接触式卡就可以自动地开始向移动一计算设备404提供消息。
在步骤412处,非接触式卡402可以向移动计算设备传送或提供NDEF消息。所述NDEF消息,例如可以包括一个或多个NDEF记录,每个NDEF记录可以包括一个或多个NDEF有效载荷和相关联的报头头、标志等。在一个或多个NDEF有效载荷(或NDEF消息的任何其它合适部分)中,校验和或校验和数值可以被包括在内。进一步所包括在NDEF消息中的可以是与校验和函数的类型或用于生成嵌入式校验和数值的算法相关的信息。
在步骤414处,移动计算设备可以检测、接收或访问NDEF消息并且评估该消息。如下文将被进一步描述的,移动计算设备可以使用例如在NDEF消息中一个指定的校验和函数或算法,执行在一个或多个有效载荷中所接收的消息内容上的校验和的计算。在计算校验和之后,移动计算设备可以将其与NDEF消息中所提供的校验和比较。如果两者校验和相匹配,则可以被确定的是整个NDEF消息被正确接收。如果两者校验和不相匹配,则移动计算设备404可以将到NFC读取器线圈的功率从当前功率水平例如默认或厂家设置的功率水平,提高至第二功率水平例如用于读取器线圈的最大可允许的功率水平的一小部分。
可选地,如虚线箭头所描绘的,在步骤416处,移动计算设备404可以发送重新传输请求和/或否定应答(NACK)消息到非接触式卡402,其提示非接触式卡402重新发送或再次提供在步骤412处被发送的NDEF消息。否则,如果非接触式卡402保留在由移动计算设备404的NFC读取器线圈所生成的磁场内,则NDEF消息可以被持续地可用于移动计算设备来检测或接收直到整个NDEF消息已经被接收。在额外的或替代的示例中,非接触式卡402可以以预定时间间隔(例如每秒、每五秒、每二十秒等)或预定时间段自动地提供NDEF消息,直到移动计算设备404已经接收到整个NDEF消息为止。因此,在步骤418处,NDEF消息被第二次提供给移动计算设备404,假设在步骤414处,移动计算设备404基于校验和计算已经确定了完整的NDEF消息尚未被接收到。
在步骤420处,NDEF消息被再次评估。移动计算设备404可以计算在步骤418处被接收的NDEF消息的新的校验和并且确定其是否与NDEF消息中所提供的校验和相匹配。如果两者校验和相匹配,则在步骤422处移动计算设备404可以可选地发送应答(ACK)消息,如虚线箭头所示。如果两者校验和不相匹配,则NDEF消息可以被再次提供给移动计算设备404并且进一步被评估。所述过程可以继续直到整个NDEF消息已经由移动计算设备404被接收为止。在其它示例中,所述整个过程可以在预定的迭代次数或预定的持续时间之后停止。如果移动计算设备404在预定的迭代次数或预定的持续时间之后之后未能读取整个NDEF消息,则错误消息可以经由用户界面被返回给用户。
图5示出了根据一个或多个实施例的示例的校验和计算500。NDEF消息502可以由非接触式卡被提供给移动计算设备。如图所示,NDEF消息502包括有效载荷504和与有效载荷504相关联的校验和506。可以理解的是,有效载荷504(以及可以被包括在NDEF消息502中的其它有效载荷)可以包括消息内容或任何其它合适类型的数据。在示例中,NDEF消息502可以包括校验和506如何被计算的信息,例如被应用到有效载荷504以得出校验和506的特定的校验和函数、算法等的指示。
由非接触式卡所发送的有效载荷504可以作为有效载荷508被移动计算设备接收。移动计算设备然后可以使用校验和函数(或算法)510执行所接收的有效载荷508上的校验和计算。如上所述,所述校验和函数510可以是在NDEF消息502中所指示的校验和函数。可替换地,所述校验和函数510可以是已知的、确定的或事先在非接触式卡与移动计算设备之间一致协定的。可以理解的是,所述校验和函数510可以基于任何合适类型的算法例如奇偶校验字节或奇偶校验字算法、模块和算法、位置相关算法等,或其它技术例如校验数位、Damn算法、数据腐烂(data rot)、文件验证、Fletcher校验和、帧校验序列、“cksum”、“md5sum”、“sha1sum”、SYSV校验和、“xxHash”等,或任何合适类型的哈希函数。
在将校验和函数510应用到所接收的有效载荷508时,校验和512可以被生成或导出。此后,可以作出校验和512与506是否相匹配的确定。在其它实例中,还可以作出所计算的校验和512是否不准确或不完整的确定。在示例中,所计算的校验和512(和/或其与校验和506的比较)可以揭示在有效载荷508中,NDEF消息502中百分之多少的原始有效载荷504由移动计算设备所正确地接收。例如,如图所示,可以确定的是有效载荷508仅包含原始有效载荷504的消息内容的40%。如下文将被进一步描述的,基于此确定,所供应给移动计算设备的NFC读取器线圈的功率可能被相应地提高。
图6示出了根据一个或多个实施例的读取器线圈600的功率水平的示例调整。如图所示,移动计算设备的NFC读取器的读取器线圈600可以被设置在默认功率水平处,其生成对应于默认功率水平的磁场602。在示例中,默认功率水平可以是预设功率水平、出厂设定等。
为了改进非接触式卡与移动计算设备之间的通信,到读取器线圈600的功率可以被提高到第二功率水平以生成更大的磁场,例如磁场604。例如,回头参照图5,如果仅40%的NDEF消息被由移动计算设备正确接收,则设备可以将到读取器线圈600的功率从默认功率水平提高到可提供给读取器线圈600的最大可允许功率的60%的功率水平。因此,换言之,所述第二功率水平或动态调整的功率水平可以是可提供给读取器线圈600的最大功率的一小部分或一部分,其中所述一小部分与已经被正确地检测或接收的NDEF消息的百分比成反比。可以理解的是,最大可允许功率或最大功率水平意味着在不损坏或烧损线圈600的情况下,可以被提供给读取器线圈600的最大功率量。
根据进一步的示例,到读取器线圈600的功率可以被动态地调整到任何合适的水平。例如,如果被正确接收的NDEF消息的百分比低于预定的阈值百分比例如20%、15%等,则到读取器线圈600的功率可以被提高到最大功率水平。
在一些示例中,尽管将读取器600的功率水平斜升至其最大可允许的功率,但是移动计算设备仍然不能接收整个NDEF消息。在这些实例中,移动计算设备经由用户界面可以进一步指令用户将非接触式卡移动或放置在更靠近移动计算设备上的特定位置,或者以精确的角度或方向移动或放置在读取器线圈600附近。
可以理解的是磁场602,604的形状以及读取器线圈600的形状和配置是出于说明目的的并且不限于此。
图7示出了根据一个或多个实施例的用于NDEF消息的一个或多个部分的示例的存储与比较技术。该技术涉及通过多次读取来存储和拼凑NDEF消息的片段以最终获取完整的NDEF消息。举例来说,非接触式卡可以提供至少包含有效载荷702的NDEF消息。移动计算设备可以检测或接收NDEF消息,并且基于校验和计算,移动计算设备可以确定NDEF消息的有效载荷702的仅一部分或仅一定百分比,例如有效载荷部分704已经被接收。作为响应,移动计算设备可以将所接收到的有效载荷部分704存储在存储器中。
在到移动计算设备的NFC读取器线圈的功率已经被动态调整之后,非接触式卡可以再次提供至少包含有效载荷702的NDEF消息。可以执行由移动计算设备进行的另一校验和计算。基于此计算,移动计算设备可以再次确定仅有一部分的有效载荷702,例如有效载荷部分706。移动计算设备还可以存储所接收的有效载荷部分706。
此时,移动计算设备可以比较所存储的有效载荷部分(“PPs”)704与706。例如,有效载荷部分可以被比较用于有效载荷702的消息内容中的任何冗余或重叠。如果消息内容中的任何冗余被发现,则其可以被移除。有效载荷部分704与706可以被结合,并且移动计算设备可以在“结合的”有效载荷上执行新的校验和计算。如果新的校验和与NDEF消息中所提供的校验和相匹配,则这指示所述消息内容有效载荷702已经经由有效载荷704与706的结合被完全地和完整地获取,其在两个单独的读取中被接收。
然而,如果新的校验和与NDEF消息中所提供的校验和不相匹配,或如果新的校验和不完整或不准确,则所述存储与比较技术可以继续。如图所示,有效载荷部分708可以随后被接收。所述有效载荷部分704,706和708可以被比较用于任何冗余,并且然后被结合以计算新的校验和。类似的方法可以被应用于有效载荷部分710等等。
所述存储与比较技术可以是有利的,在于有效载荷702中消息内容的片或片段可以随着时间或者随着多次读取或迭代被收集,其可以稍后进行比较、结合和分析以确定所共同加起来的片或片段是否得出包含在有效载荷702中的整个消息。因此,此技术补偿了移动计算设备可能永远不会在每次读取时获取整个有效载荷702的事实。
图8根据一个或多个实施例的示出了示例流程图800。所述流程图800与将到NFC读取器线圈的功率从第一功率水平动态地提高到第二功率水平有关。可以理解的是与所示方框相关联的特征可以由一个或多个计算设备例如,移动计算设备和/或被包含在其中的处理电路***执行或实行。此外,可以理解的是,流程图800中的方框并不限于任何特定顺序,并且一个或多个方框可以被同时执行或实行。
在方框802处,第一NDEF消息或文件可以经由NFC读取器线圈在第一功率水平处(其可以是默认功率水平)被接收。所述第一NDEF消息可以包括消息内容例如数据,其可以被包含在一个或多个有效载荷中,并且可以包括与所述消息内容相关联的第一校验和。
在方框804处,第二校验和可以被计算。如上所述,校验和函数或算法可以被应用于所接收的消息内容或消息数据以计算第二校验和。所述第二校验和可以指示从非接触式卡所接收的第一NDEF消息的准确性、完整性和/或完成性。
在方框806处,第一校验和与第二校验和可以被比较,并且可以确定第一校验和与第二校验和是否相匹配。如果第一与第二校验和相匹配,其可以指示第一NDEF消息已经被正确地接收。
如果第一与第二校验和不相匹配,在方框808处,到NFC读取器线圈的功率可以从第一功率水平被提高到第二功率水平。所述第二功率水平可以被动态地确定和调整。例如,如果特定百分比的NDEF消息已经被正确地接收,则第二功率水平可以被设置为可提供给NFC读取器线圈的最大功率的一小部分,其中所述一小部分与被正确地接收的NDEF消息的百分比成反比。换言之,如果被正确接收的NDEF的百分比低于预定的百分比阈值,则第二功率水平可以是最大功率水平。
尽管上述的实施例和示例涉及被实施在移动计算设备中的读取器线圈,但是可以理解的是到所安装在任何类型的设备中的任何NFC读取器的功率可以被动态地调整以改进NFC通信。此外,上述的NDEF消息和对应的有效载荷可以包括与非接触式卡的各种用例,例如非接触式卡激活、用户验证、用户认证、各种交易、销售、购买等相关的消息内容或数据。
上述设备的组件和特征可以使用分立电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、逻辑门和/或单芯片架构的任何组合来实现。而且,设备的特征可以使用微控制器、可编程逻辑阵列和/或微处理器,或在合适地适当的情况下的前述的任意组合来实现。应当注意的是硬件、固件和/或软件元件在本文中可以被共同地或单独地称为“逻辑”或“电路”。
至少一个计算机可读存储介质可以包括指令,在当所述指令被实行时,使得***执行任何本文中所述的计算机实施的方法。
一些实施例可以使用“一个实施例”或“一实施例”以及其衍生词进行描述。这些术语意味着结合实施例所描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在至少一个的实施例中。说明书中出现在各处的短语“在一个实施例中”未必全部指代同一实施例。此外,除非另有说明,上述特征被认识为以任何组合被一起使用。因此,分别讨论的任何特征都可以被相互组合地采用,除非注意到所述特征彼此不兼容。
主要参照本文中所使用的符号和命名,依据所执行在计算机或计算机的网络上的程序过程可以呈现文中详细的说明书。这些程序上的描述和表示被本领域的技术人员所使用以最有效地将其工作的实质传达给本领域的其他技术人员。
过程在这里,并且通常被构想为导致期望结果的操作的自洽序列。这些操作是那些需要物理量的物理处理的操作。通常上,尽管不必要,但是这些物理量采用能够被存储、传递、组合、比较和其它处理的电、磁或光学信号的形式。主要是由于习惯用语的原因,将这些信号称为比特、值、元素、符号、字符、术语、数字等经证明有时是方便的。然而,应当注意的是所有的这些和类似的术语都与适当的物理量相关联,并且仅是被应用于那些量的方便的标记。
此外,所执行的处理往往以术语被指代,例如添加或比较,其一般与由人工操作员所执行的心理操作相关联。在构成一个或多个实施例的部分的任何本文所述的操作中在大多数情况下人工操作员的这种能力不必要或不需要。准确地说,所述操作是机器操作。
一些实施例可以使用表达“耦合的”和“连接的”以及其衍生词进行描述。这些术语不必旨在作为相互的同义词。例如,一些实施例可以使用术语“连接的”和/或“耦合的”进行描述以指示,两个或更多个元件相互直接物理或电接触。然而,所述术语“耦合的”还可以意味着两个或更多个元件并不相互直接接触,但仍然彼此协作或相互作用。
各种实施例还涉及用于执行这些操作的装置或***。该装置可以是用于所需的目的而被专门构造的,并且可以由存储在计算机中的计算机程序被选择性地激活或重新配置。本文中呈现的过程并不内在地与特定计算机或其它装置相关。在给定的说明书中,用于各种这些机器的所要求的结构将会是显而易见的。
要强调的是,提供了本公开的摘要以允许读者快速确定本技术公开的实质。提交本摘要应当理解的是,其将不被用于解释或限制权利要求书的范围或含义。另外,在前述具体说明书中,可以看出出于精简本公开的目的,各种特征被一起集合在单个实施例中。本公开的方法并不被解释为反映所要求保护的实施例需要比每项权利要求所明确记载的更多的特征的意图。相反,如下列权利要求书所反映的,创新性主题在于少于单个公开的实施例的所有特征。因此,下列权利要求书在此被合并到具体说明书中,每项权利要求自身代表作为单独的实施例。在所附权利要求书中,术语“包括”和“其中”被分别地用作相应的术语“包括”和“其中”的通俗英语的对应语。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅被用作标记,并非旨在对其对象强加数字要求。
上述内容包括公开架构的示例。当然,描述组件和/或方法的每个可想到的组合是不可能的,但是本领域的技术人员可以认识到许多进一步的组合和排列是可能的。因此,本创新架构旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求书内的精神和范围的所有这些替换、修改以及变型。
Claims (14)
1.一种计算设备,包括:
近场通讯(NFC)接口;
存储器,被配置为存储指令;以及
一个或多个处理器,其与所述存储器耦合,所述一个或多个处理器能够操作以执行所述指令,在所述指令被执行时使得所述一个或多个处理器:
从非接触式卡经由所述NFC接口来接收一个或多个消息中的数据和校验和值;
基于所述数据来确定第二校验和值;
确定所述校验和值与所述第二校验和是否相匹配;以及
响应于所述校验和值与所述第二校验和值不相匹配,增加所述NFC接口的功率以再次从所述从非接触式卡经由所述NFC接口来接收所述数据和所述校验和值,其中所述一个或多个处理器被配置为:
基于所述第二校验和值来确定接收到的数据量;
使所述NFC接口的功率增加了与接收到的数据量成比例的量;并且
重复地增加功率以继续接收所述数据和所述校验和值,直到所述校验和值与所述第二校验和值相匹配或者超时事件发生为止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中所述一个或多个消息是NFC数据交换格式(NDEF)消息。
3.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中基于NFC读取操作,接收在所述一个或多个消息中的所述数据和所述校验和值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中功率的第一调整包括所述一个或多个处理器将所述NFC接口的功率从第一功率水平增加到第二功率水平使得从所述NFC接口发射的磁场被增加或增强。
5.根据权利要求4所述的计算设备,其中所述指令被进一步配置为使得所述一个或多个处理器:
在所述第二功率水平处从所述非接触式卡接收一个或多个后续消息;
基于在所述一个或多个后续消息中的校验和值以及对数据执行的计算出的校验和值来确定在所述一个或多个后续消息中的数据和校验和值被正确地接收到;和
降低到所述NFC接口的功率。
6.根据权利要求4所述的计算设备,其中所述指令被进一步配置为使得所述一个或多个处理器在预定时间段之后自动降低到所述NFC接口的功率。
7.根据权利要求1所述的计算设备,其中所述功率的每次增加是:(i)能够提供给所述NFC接口的最大功率的一小部分,其中所述最大功率的一小部分与已经被正确地接收到的所述一个或多个消息的百分比成反比,或(ii)能够提供给所述NFC接口的最大功率。
8.一种计算机实施方法,包括:
从非接触式卡经由计算设备的NFC接口来在NFC交换中接收一个或多个消息中的数据和校验和值;
由所述计算设备基于所述数据和校验和算法来生成第二校验和值;
由所述计算设备确定所述第二校验和值与所述校验和值不相匹配;
基于所述第二校验和值来确定接收到的数据量;由所述计算设备使所述NFC接口的功率增加了与接收到的数据量成比例的量;
由所述计算设备发起另一NFC交换以从所述非接触式卡经由所述NFC接口接收所述数据和所述校验和值的另一实例;以及
基于相关联的校验和值来重复地增加功率且从所述非接触式卡接收所述数据和所述校验和值的实例,直到所述校验和值与新的计算出的校验和相匹配或者超时事件发生为止。
9.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施方法,其中所述一个或多个消息是NFC数据交换格式(NDEF)消息。
10.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施方法,其中基于在NFC交换中的NFC读取操作,接收在所述一个或多个消息中的所述数据和所述校验和值。
11.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施方法,其中功率的每次调整包括所述一个或多个处理器增加所述NFC接口的功率使得从所述NFC接口发射的磁场被增加或增强。
12.根据权利要求11所述的计算机实施方法,包括:
由所述计算设备在第二功率水平处从所述非接触式卡接收一个或多个后续消息;
由所述计算设备基于在所述一个或多个后续消息中的校验和值以及对数据执行的计算出的校验和值来确定在所述一个或多个后续消息中的数据和校验和值被正确地接收到;和
降低到所述NFC接口的功率。
13.根据权利要求12所述的计算机实施方法,包括在预定时间段之后自动降低到所述NFC接口的功率。
14.根据权利要求8所述的计算机实施方法,其中所述功率的增加是:(i)能够提供给所述NFC接口的最大功率的一小部分,其中所述最大功率的一小部分与已经被正确地接收到的所述一个或多个消息的百分比成反比,或(ii)能够提供给所述NFC接口的最大功率。
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