CN113495294A - Sliding fracture quantitative characterization and evaluation method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of sliding fracture, which are used for acquiring state data according to drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprise: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering; performing conversion processing on the state data to obtain quantitative characteristic parameters of the sliding fracture; and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type; and obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, so that the accuracy of the sliding fracture evaluation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a computer technology, in particular to a method and a device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of sliding fracture.
Background
The sliding fracture refers to fracture generated by relative horizontal movement of two fracture plates under the action of couple of force under the action of torsional stress or shear stress field of the crust of the earth; it is also known as a lateral thrust fault and can cause the two sides of the fault to slip horizontally relative to each other. In the process of oil gas formation and storage, the slip fracture geological structure usually influences the oil gas transportation and the formation of a storage layer, and particularly, in a carbonate rock stratum, the karst action usually develops along a slip fracture zone to form a karst storage body, so that an oil gas storage space is formed. In the aspect of oil and gas reservoir formation, deep and large sliding fracture is a main medium for communicating deep cold-armed system hydrocarbon source rocks and is an advantage channel for oil and gas migration, the fracture activity is favorable for the formation of a spatial configuration relationship between the hydrocarbon source rocks and an oil and gas accumulation area, and the fractured multi-stage activity has an important influence on an oil and gas migration path, a reservoir formation period and the spatial distribution of an oil and gas reservoir, so that a high-quality reservoir stratum and an oil and gas enrichment area need to be determined through sliding fracture in the exploration of the oil and gas reservoir.
In the prior art, the sliding fracture is qualitatively identified only by various methods or is quantitatively characterized only by a certain characteristic parameter, and then the sliding fracture is evaluated according to the obtained result.
However, in the prior art, the accuracy of evaluation of the slip fracture is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of sliding fracture, which improve the accuracy of evaluation of sliding fracture.
In a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, a method for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a sliding fracture is provided, including:
obtaining status data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the status data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering;
and converting the state data to obtain a sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, wherein the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter comprises: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type;
and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type;
and obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a sliding fracture, including:
a state data module for obtaining state data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering;
a characteristic parameter module, configured to perform conversion processing on the state data to obtain a walking-sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, where the walking-sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter includes: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type;
the quantitative characterization module is used for quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter to obtain a sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter comprises: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type;
and the evaluation module is used for obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
In a third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a landing fracture quantitative characterization and evaluation device, including: memory, a processor and a computer program, the computer program being stored in the memory, the processor running the computer program to perform the method of the first aspect of the invention and its various possible designs.
A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and the computer program is used for implementing the method according to the first aspect of the present invention and various possible designs of the first aspect of the present invention when the computer program is executed by a processor.
According to the method and the device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of the sliding fracture, state data are obtained according to drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprise: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering; and converting the state data to obtain a sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, wherein the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter comprises: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type; and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type; and obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters. According to the scheme, the state data are converted in the exploration and development of the oil and gas reservoir, and parameters quantitatively representing the sliding fracture characteristics are obtained; the walking-sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters are utilized to realize the quantitative characterization of the walking-sliding fracture, the walking-sliding evaluation characteristic parameters are further obtained on the basis, the walking-sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters are utilized to finally realize the evaluation of the walking-sliding fracture, and the accuracy of the evaluation of the walking-sliding fracture is improved. Effectively guides the trap implementation and the high-efficiency well position optimization, improves the well drilling success rate and the single well productivity contribution rate, guides the optimization of the well type and the well drilling track, improves the reservoir drilling rate and avoids the well drilling risk. The scheme has good application effect and promotion value in the same industry on the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs of fracture-cavity carbonate rock reservoirs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a step-and-slip fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a step-and-slip fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a landing crack quantitative characterization and evaluation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the internal logic of the processes, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be understood that in the present application, "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that, in the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, for example, and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "comprises A, B and C" and "comprises A, B, C" means that all three of A, B, C comprise, "comprises A, B or C" means that one of A, B, C comprises, "comprises A, B and/or C" means that any 1 or any 2 or 3 of A, B, C comprises.
It should be understood that in the present invention, "B corresponding to a", "a corresponds to B", or "B corresponds to a" means that B is associated with a, and B can be determined from a. Determining B from a does not mean determining B from a alone, but may be determined from a and/or other information. And the matching of A and B means that the similarity of A and B is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value.
As used herein, "if" may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection", depending on the context.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with specific examples. The following several specific embodiments may be combined with each other, and details of the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments.
The sliding fracture refers to fracture generated by relative horizontal movement of two fracture plates under the action of couple of force under the action of torsional stress or shear stress field of the crust of the earth; it is also known as a lateral thrust fault and can cause the two sides of the fault to slip horizontally relative to each other. In the process of oil gas formation and storage, the slip fracture geological structure usually influences the oil gas transportation and the formation of a storage layer, and particularly, in a carbonate rock stratum, the karst action usually develops along a slip fracture zone to form a karst storage body, so that an oil gas storage space is formed. In the aspect of oil and gas reservoir formation, deep and large sliding fracture is a main medium for communicating deep cold-armed system hydrocarbon source rocks and is an advantage channel for oil and gas migration, the fracture activity is favorable for the formation of a spatial configuration relationship between the hydrocarbon source rocks and an oil and gas accumulation area, and the fractured multi-stage activity has an important influence on an oil and gas migration path, a reservoir formation period and the spatial distribution of an oil and gas reservoir, so that a high-quality reservoir stratum and an oil and gas enrichment area need to be determined through sliding fracture in the exploration of the oil and gas reservoir. In the prior art, qualitative identification is performed on the sliding fracture only through various methods or quantitative characterization is performed on a certain characteristic parameter of the sliding fracture only, then the sliding fracture is evaluated through the obtained result, and quantitative characterization and evaluation are not performed on a sliding fracture unfolding system. However, the current production practice proves that the characteristics of oil-gas display, gas-oil ratio, water body energy, single well yield, descending rule and the like of wells drilled in different sliding fracture zones are obviously different, and the characteristics of actual wells drilled in different sections of the same sliding fracture zone are also greatly different, so that the qualitative or single-parameter quantitative description of sliding fracture in the prior art cannot meet the actual production requirement, and the trap evaluation, well position optimization and well drilling track optimization cannot be accurately guided. Therefore, the accuracy of evaluating the sliding fracture in the prior art is low.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The measuring instrument 11 is used for measuring certain characteristic parameter data of the sliding fracture, then the server 12 is used for processing the obtained parameter data to obtain evaluation data of the sliding fracture, and finally the data is used for guiding trap evaluation, well position optimization and drilling track optimization. However, the current production practice proves that the characteristics of oil-gas display, gas-oil ratio, water body energy, single well yield, descending rule and the like of wells drilled in different sliding fracture zones are obviously different, and the characteristics of actual wells drilled in different sections of the same sliding fracture zone are also greatly different, so that the qualitative or single-parameter quantitative description of sliding fracture in the prior art cannot meet the actual production requirement, and the trap evaluation, well position optimization and well drilling track optimization cannot be accurately guided. Therefore, the accuracy of evaluating the sliding fracture in the prior art is low.
Referring to fig. 2, which is a schematic flow chart of a method for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a step-and-slip fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention, an execution subject of the method shown in fig. 2 may be a software and/or hardware device. The execution subject of the present application may include, but is not limited to, at least one of: user equipment, network equipment, etc. The user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a computer, a smart phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), the above mentioned electronic equipment, and the like. The network device may include, but is not limited to, a single network server, a server group of multiple network servers, or a cloud of numerous computers or network servers based on cloud computing, wherein cloud computing is one type of distributed computing, a super virtual computer consisting of a cluster of loosely coupled computers. The method comprises the following steps of S101 to S104:
s101, acquiring state data according to drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data after guiding filtering, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data.
Specifically, the three-dimensional seismic data, the horizon interpretation result, the three-dimensional volume attribute, the root mean square attribute along the horizon, the fracture interpretation result, the fracture plane combination and the residual trend surface data after the structure-oriented filtering are obtained according to the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, and are used for obtaining the quantitative characterization characteristic parameters of the sliding fracture. It can be understood that the scheme can be used for converting the state data and obtaining the walk-slip fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters.
The following respectively describes the process of obtaining three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional volume attributes, root-mean-square attributes along the horizon, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after structure-oriented filtering in detail as follows:
constructing three-dimensional seismic data after guided filtering:
and acquiring the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data is subjected to fracture-enhanced structure-oriented filtering processing to acquire the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering.
Specifically, the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, namely the three-dimensional seismic data, can be subjected to fracture-enhanced structural filtering processing on the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, and further improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic data on the premise of not changing the structural form, so that the continuity and the discontinuity characteristics of the seismic data in a same phase axis are more obvious, and a foundation is laid for later-stage horizon interpretation, fracture interpretation and three-dimensional attribute body extraction.
And (4) horizon interpretation result:
obtaining the horizon interpretation result according to the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the horizon interpretation result comprises the following steps: carrying out well seismic calibration processing on the drilled well to obtain the horizon interpretation scheme; and then according to the horizon interpretation scheme, performing horizon fine interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume after the structure-oriented filtering to obtain a horizon interpretation result.
Specifically, starting from a drilled well, establishing a corresponding relation between a homophase axis on a seismic profile and an underground geological interface through fine well seismic calibration, and finally determining a horizon interpretation scheme; and then according to the layer interpretation scheme, performing layer fine interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data after structure-oriented filtering to finish fine interpretation of the top of a target layer (oil and gas exploration and development main stress layer system) and the top layer of a cold and military system, wherein the interpretation precision is that 1 channel is arranged between main survey lines and 1 channel is arranged between tie lines, and the layer interpretation result is obtained.
Three-dimensional volume attributes:
and acquiring the three-dimensional body attribute according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data.
Specifically, the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering is subjected to attribute extraction processing to obtain the three-dimensional body attributes, wherein the three-dimensional body attributes include third-generation coherent body attributes, maximum positive curvature body attributes, structure tensor body attributes and ant detection body attributes.
Root mean square property along the layer:
and acquiring the root mean square attribute along the stratum according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data.
Specifically, according to the three-dimensional body attributes and the layer interpretation result, the root mean square attributes of the top edge layer of the target layer are obtained, and the root mean square attributes comprise third-generation coherent edge layer root mean square attributes, maximum positive curvature edge layer root mean square attributes, ant detection edge layer root mean square attributes and structure tensor edge layer root mean square attributes.
Interpretation of fracture results:
and acquiring the fracture interpretation result according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data.
Specifically, according to the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering processing and the isochronous slice of the third-generation coherent body attribute, performing fine interpretation of the sliding fracture, wherein interpretation precision is 2 lines of main survey line intervals and 2 lines of tie line intervals, and acquiring the fracture interpretation result.
Fracture plane combination:
and acquiring the fracture plane combination according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data.
Specifically, the target layer fracture plane combination is obtained according to the fracture interpretation result, the target layer top third-generation coherent edge layer root-mean-square attribute and the target layer top maximum positive curvature edge layer root-mean-square attribute.
Remaining trend surface data:
obtaining the remaining trend surface data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, comprising: smoothing the target layer top layer position interpretation result to obtain a smoothed layer position; and acquiring the residual trend surface data according to the difference between the horizon interpretation result and the smoothed horizon.
Specifically, smoothing is performed on the target layer top layer position interpretation data, wherein smoothing parameters are 31 main measurement line intervals and 31 tie line intervals, the target layer top layer position interpretation data are continuously smoothed for 3 times according to the smoothing parameters to obtain target layer top smoothed layer position data, and the target layer top layer position interpretation data is subtracted from the smoothed layer position data to obtain the target layer top residual trend surface data.
And S102, converting the state data to obtain quantitative characteristic parameters of the fracture.
Specifically, the walk-slip fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters comprise a longitudinal fracture horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a fracture density and a residual trend surface type. It can be understood that after the state data is obtained, the state data can be converted to obtain the walk-slip fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters.
The specific process of obtaining the longitudinal disconnection position, the plane extension length, the average fracture belt width, the average fracture distance, the crack density and the type of the residual trend surface is as follows:
longitudinal disconnection layer position:
and performing conversion processing on the state data to obtain the longitudinal disconnection layer.
Specifically, according to the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering, the third-generation coherent body attribute and the layer interpretation result, a sliding fracture longitudinal break layer is determined, namely a position on a seismic section where the homophasic axis is obviously broken or distorted or the coherent value on the third-generation coherent attribute section is obviously reduced relative to the periphery is a fracture development position, and then the sliding fracture longitudinal break layer is determined according to the layer interpretation result.
Planar extension length:
and converting the state data to obtain the plane extension length.
Specifically, the extension length of the top sliding fracture plane of the target layer is determined according to the fracture plane combination result, the length value measured from the position where the sliding fracture starts to develop to the position where the sliding fracture disappears along the main trunk sliding fracture trend is the extension length of the sliding fracture plane.
Average breaker strip width:
and converting the state data to obtain the average crushing belt width.
Specifically, according to the root mean square attribute of the structure tensor of the top of the target layer along the layer, the width of the slip fracture zone of the top of the target layer is determined by referring to the three-dimensional seismic data after structure-oriented filtering. The tensor plane attribute value of the top structure of the target layer is obviously increased, and the disordered and faulted place of the same phase axis of the seismic section is a fracture and fragmentation area. And (3) counting the width of the fractured and fractured zone at intervals of 2 from the initial development position of the sliding fracture to the position where the sliding fracture disappears in a direction perpendicular to the trend of the sliding fracture, obtaining the width data of the fractured and fractured zone, and averaging the obtained width data of the fractured and fractured zone, wherein the average width of the fractured and fractured zone is the average width of the fractured and fractured zone at the top of the target layer.
Average breaking distance:
and converting the state data to obtain the average fault distance.
Specifically, according to the fracture interpretation result and the target layer top layer interpretation result, a target layer top fault distance is statistically calculated every 2 times from the position where the sliding fracture starts to develop until the sliding fracture disappears in a direction perpendicular to the sliding fracture trend, sliding fracture fault distance data is obtained, and then the sliding fracture fault distance data is averaged to obtain the average fault distance of the sliding fracture on the target layer top.
Crack density:
and converting the state data to obtain the fracture density.
Specifically, according to the root-mean-square attribute of the target layer top ant detection edge layer, the number of cracks in a range of 1 kilometer (including 1 kilometer) on both sides of the target layer top sliding fracture is counted, and the number of cracks in a unit length range is obtained by dividing the number of cracks by the plane extension length, so that the crack density is obtained.
Remaining trend surface types:
and converting the state data to obtain the types of the remaining trend surfaces.
Specifically, the type of the residual trend surface is obtained according to the data of the target layer top residual trend surface, wherein the target layer top residual trend surface is a positive value which represents that the stratum is convex corresponding to an extrusion type, a negative value which represents that the stratum is concave corresponding to a tension type, and a zero value which represents that the stratum is not convex or concave corresponding to a translation type.
S103, carrying out quantitative characterization on the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
Specifically, the slip fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type segmentation.
The specific process for obtaining the fracture type, the fracture grade and the fracture strain type segment is as follows:
fracture type:
and carrying out quantitative characterization on the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain the fracture type.
Specifically, determining the fracture type according to whether the sliding fracture longitudinal fracture horizon is fractured to the Hanwu system (hydrocarbon source rock development area): the step-slip fracture of the rock is a non-oil source step-slip fracture which is not broken longitudinally and downwards until a cold-armed system (a hydrocarbon source rock development area); the oil source sliding fracture is the sliding fracture of the oil source from the longitudinal direction, upwards and downwards, to the cold-armed system (the hydrocarbon source rock development area).
Fracture rating:
and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain a sliding fracture quantitative characterization result, and obtaining the fracture grade according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and preset conditions.
Specifically, the step-slip fracture is determined as a primary step-slip fracture, a secondary step-slip fracture and a tertiary step-slip fracture according to the step-slip fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset condition.
The classification process is as follows:
determining the sliding fracture as a first-stage sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset condition, wherein the determining comprises the following steps:
the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result meets the following two or more preset conditions, the sliding fracture is determined to be a first-stage sliding fracture,
the planar extension length is greater than 10 kilometers;
the average crushing belt width is more than 200 m;
the average breaking distance is greater than 50 meters;
the fracture density is greater than 50.
According to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset condition, determining the sliding fracture as a secondary sliding fracture, including:
the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result meets the following two or more preset conditions, the sliding fracture is determined to be a secondary sliding fracture,
the plane extension length is greater than or equal to 5 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers;
the average width of the crushing belt is more than or equal to 100 meters and less than or equal to 200 meters;
the average cross-sectional distance is greater than or equal to 30 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters;
the fracture density is greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 50.
According to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset conditions, dividing the sliding fracture into three stages of sliding fractures, including:
and determining the sliding fracture which does not meet the preset conditions of the first-stage sliding fracture and the second-stage sliding fracture as a third-stage sliding fracture.
Fracture strain type segmentation:
and carrying out quantitative characterization on the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain the fracture strain type segment.
Specifically, the fracture type and the fracture grade represent the difference between the fracture types and the grades of different sliding fractures, and the strain type in the same sliding fracture also has a difference, so that the same sliding fracture can be segmented according to the strain type difference, specifically, the fracture strain type of the same sliding fracture is segmented according to the type of the target layer top residual trend surface at the development position of the sliding fracture: the extrusion type residual trend surface corresponds to an extrusion section; the tension type residual trend surface corresponds to a tension section; the translational type residual trend surface corresponds to a translational segment.
And S104, obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
Specifically, in practical application, different fracture types have different functions in the aspects of source control, reservoir control and reservoir control, and the oil source slip fracture has the functions of source control, reservoir control and reservoir control, while the non-oil source slip fracture only has the functions of reservoir control and reservoir control, so that the importance of the oil source slip fracture in the fracture types in the oil and gas exploration and development practice is obviously higher than that of the non-oil source slip fracture in the fracture types.
In addition, the different fracture grades represent different fracture activity strengths, the higher the fracture grade is, the stronger the fracture activity is, the more beneficial the reservoir formation and oil gas filling is, so that the first-level sliding fracture is optimal, the second-level sliding fracture is inferior, and the third-level sliding fracture is worst in oil gas exploration and development practice.
The difference of different internal strain types of the same sliding fracture to the reservoir transformation and oil gas filling also exists, the stress of the tensile section is released integrally, and the tensile crack around the fracture develops, so that the method is beneficial to the reservoir transformation and the oil gas filling; the stress of the extrusion section is concentrated, the cracks around the fracture are few, and the pressure cracks are mainly used, so that the reservoir transformation and the oil gas filling are not facilitated; the translation section is a tension section and an extrusion section transition section, and the functions in the aspects of reservoir transformation and oil gas filling are between the two sections, so that the tension section is optimal, the translation section is next to the translation section and the extrusion section is worst in the same sliding fracture in the oil gas exploration and development practice.
Comprehensively referring to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters: and segmenting the fracture type, the fracture grade and the fracture strain type, and obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture. Firstly, evaluating the priority of different sliding fractures in oil and gas exploration and development practice: the first-level oil source sliding fracture > the second-level oil source sliding fracture > the third-level oil source sliding fracture > the first-level non-oil source sliding fracture > the second-level non-oil source sliding fracture > the third-level non-oil source sliding fracture. Then, the priority level of the same sliding fracture and different fracture strain type sections in the oil-gas exploration and development practice is evaluated: the tension section is larger than the translation section and the extrusion section.
Illustratively, the oil and gas exploration and development can be guided according to the obtained fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type in a segmented mode, and the specific steps are as follows:
guiding the preferred trap: the higher the walking-sliding fracture priority level for controlling the trap is, the more favorable the reservoir scale and the oil-gas filling condition in the trap are, for example, the trap controlled by the walking-sliding fracture of the primary oil source is more favorable than the trap controlled by the walking-sliding fracture of the secondary oil source; for the same trap controlled by sliding fracture, the trap controlled by the tension section is more favorable than the trap controlled by the translation section, and the trap controlled by the translation section is more favorable than the trap controlled by the extrusion section.
And (3) well position selection guide: the preferable favorable trap is to select the well position according to the volume size of the single well engraving and the distance from the glide fracture. The well position with the single well carving volume being more than or equal to 80 ten thousand square and the vertical distance from the glide slope fracture being less than or equal to 1.5 kilometers has high-efficiency potential.
Guiding well type optimization and well trajectory optimization: the well type should consider drilling through the reservoir and fracture-fracture development area at the same time, should prefer horizontal well or inclined well, in order to improve the reservoir and bore the chance rate directly; the well track is designed to avoid a fracture and crushing area before entering a target layer, so that the drilling risk is avoided as much as possible.
According to the method for quantitative characterization and evaluation of the sliding fracture, the state data is acquired according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering; and converting the state data to obtain a sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, wherein the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter comprises: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type; and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type; and the sliding fracture is finely evaluated according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, so that the accuracy of the sliding fracture evaluation is improved. According to the scheme, the state data are converted in the exploration and development of the oil and gas reservoir, and parameters quantitatively representing the sliding fracture characteristics are obtained; the quantitative characterization of the sliding fracture is realized by utilizing the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters, and sliding evaluation characteristic parameters are further obtained on the basis; the evaluation of the sliding fracture is finally realized by utilizing the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, the trap implementation and the high-efficiency well position optimization are effectively guided, the drilling success rate and the single-well productivity contribution rate are improved, the well type and the drilling track optimization are guided, the reservoir drilling rate is improved, and the drilling risk is avoided. The scheme has good application effect and promotion value in the same industry on the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs of fracture-cavity carbonate rock reservoirs.
Referring to fig. 3, which is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a sliding fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus 30 for quantitative characterization and evaluation of a sliding fracture includes:
a state data module 31 configured to obtain state data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering;
a characteristic parameter module 32, configured to perform conversion processing on the state data to obtain a quantitative characteristic parameter of the step-and-slip fracture, where the quantitative characteristic parameter of the step-and-slip fracture includes: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type;
a quantitative characterization module 33, configured to perform quantitative characterization on the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, and obtain a sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter, where the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter includes: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type;
and the evaluation module 34 is configured to obtain an evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter.
The device for quantitative characterization and evaluation of the step-and-slip fracture in the embodiment shown in fig. 3 can be correspondingly used for executing the steps in the method shown in fig. 2, and the implementation principle and the technical effect are similar, and are not described herein again.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
and performing fracture-enhanced structure-oriented filtering processing on the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data to obtain the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering processing.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
and carrying out well seismic calibration processing on the drilled well to obtain a layer interpretation scheme, and carrying out layer fine interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume after the structure-oriented filtering according to the layer interpretation scheme to obtain a layer interpretation result.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
and performing attribute extraction processing on the three-dimensional seismic data subjected to the structure-oriented filtering to obtain the three-dimensional body attributes, wherein the three-dimensional body attributes comprise third-generation coherent body attributes, maximum positive curvature body attributes, structure tensor body attributes and ant detection body attributes.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
obtaining the along-layer root-mean-square attribute according to the three-dimensional body attribute and the horizon interpretation result, wherein the along-layer root-mean-square attribute comprises: third generation coherent along-layer root mean square attribute, maximum positive curvature along-layer root mean square attribute, ant detection along-layer root mean square attribute, structure tensor along-layer root mean square attribute.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
and performing fine interpretation processing on the walking-sliding fracture according to the three-dimensional seismic data after the construction guiding filtering processing and the isochronous slice of the third generation coherent body attribute to obtain the fracture interpretation result.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the fracture plane combination according to the fracture interpretation result, the third-generation coherent edge layer root-mean-square attribute and the maximum positive curvature edge layer root-mean-square attribute.
Optionally, the status data module 31 is specifically configured to:
smoothing the horizon interpretation result to obtain a smoothed horizon;
and acquiring the residual trend surface data according to the difference between the horizon interpretation result and the smoothed horizon.
Optionally, the walk-slip fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters include a longitudinal fracture horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a fracture density and a residual trend surface type;
the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
and converting the state data to obtain a longitudinal breaking position, a plane extension length, an average crushing belt width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type of the sliding fracture.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the longitudinal disconnected horizon according to the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering, the third-generation coherent body attribute and the horizon interpretation result.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
acquiring the distance between the sliding fracture starting position and the disappearance position according to the fracture plane combination;
and determining the plane extension length according to the distance.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
acquiring the number of cracks on two sides of the walking-sliding fracture within a preset range according to the root-mean-square attribute of the ants along the layer;
and acquiring the fracture density according to the number of the fractures and the plane extension length.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
and acquiring the average fracture band width according to the root mean square attribute of the structure tensor along the layer and the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure guiding filtering.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
according to the fracture interpretation result, counting the fracture distance of the sliding fracture;
and acquiring the average fault distance according to the fault distance data.
Optionally, the characteristic parameter module 32 is specifically configured to:
and determining the type of the residual trend surface according to the residual trend surface data, wherein the residual trend surface data is a positive value and represents an extrusion type, the residual trend surface data is a negative value and represents a tension type, and the residual trend surface data is a zero value and represents a translation type.
Optionally, the slip fracture evaluation characteristic parameters include fracture type, fracture grade, and fracture strain type segmentation.
The quantitative characterization module 33 is specifically configured to: and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters, and acquiring the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters. Wherein, the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise: fracture type, fracture grade, and fracture strain type segment.
Optionally, the quantitative characterization module 33 is specifically configured to:
and determining the fracture type according to whether the sliding fracture longitudinal fracture horizon is fractured to a martial system (a hydrocarbon source rock development area).
Optionally, the quantitative characterization module 33 is specifically configured to:
and determining the fracture grade according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and preset conditions.
The sliding fracture quantitative characterization result meets the following two or more preset conditions, the sliding fracture is determined to be a first-stage sliding fracture,
the planar extension length is greater than 10 kilometers;
the average crushing belt width is more than 200 m;
the average breaking distance is greater than 50 meters;
the fracture density is greater than 50.
Optionally, the quantitative characterization module 33 is specifically configured to:
the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result meets the following two or more preset conditions, the sliding fracture is determined to be a secondary sliding fracture,
the plane extension length is greater than or equal to 5 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers;
the average width of the crushing belt is more than or equal to 100 meters and less than or equal to 200 meters;
the average cross-sectional distance is greater than or equal to 30 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters;
the fracture density is greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 50.
Optionally, the quantitative characterization module 33 is specifically configured to:
and determining the sliding fracture which does not meet the preset conditions of the first-stage sliding fracture and the second-stage sliding fracture as a third-stage sliding fracture.
Optionally, the quantitative characterization module 33 is specifically configured to:
and determining the fracture strain type segmentation according to the type of the residual trend surface, wherein the extrusion type corresponds to an extrusion section, the tension type corresponds to a tension section, and the translation type corresponds to a translation section.
Optionally, the evaluation module 34 is specifically configured to:
and obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
Referring to fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a device for quantitatively characterizing and evaluating a landing crack according to an embodiment of the present invention, the device 40 for quantitatively characterizing a landing crack includes: a processor 41, memory 42 and computer programs; wherein
A memory 42 for storing the computer program, which may also be a flash memory (flash). The computer program is, for example, an application program, a functional module, or the like that implements the above method.
A processor 41 for executing the computer program stored in the memory to implement the steps performed by the terminal in the above method. Reference may be made in particular to the description relating to the preceding method embodiment.
Alternatively, the memory 42 may be separate or integrated with the processor 41.
When the memory 42 is a device independent of the processor 41, the apparatus may further include:
a bus 43 for connecting the memory 42 and the processor 41.
The present invention also provides a readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, is adapted to implement the methods provided by the various embodiments described above.
The readable storage medium may be a computer storage medium or a communication medium. Communication media includes any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Computer storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. For example, a readable storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium may also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium may reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC). Additionally, the ASIC may reside in user equipment. Of course, the processor and the readable storage medium may also reside as discrete components in a communication device. The readable storage medium may be a read-only memory (ROM), a random-access memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.
The present invention also provides a program product comprising execution instructions stored in a readable storage medium. The at least one processor of the device may read the execution instructions from the readable storage medium, and the execution of the execution instructions by the at least one processor causes the device to implement the methods provided by the various embodiments described above.
In the above embodiments of the apparatus, it should be understood that the Processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), other general purpose processors, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the present invention may be embodied directly in a hardware processor, or in a combination of the hardware and software modules within the processor.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quantitatively characterizing and evaluating a sliding fracture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining status data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the status data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering;
and converting the state data to obtain a sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, wherein the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter comprises: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type;
and quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters comprise: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type;
and obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the formation-oriented filtered three-dimensional seismic data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
performing fracture-enhanced structure-oriented filtering processing on the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data to obtain three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering processing;
the obtaining of the horizon interpretation result according to the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
carrying out well seismic calibration processing on the drilled well to obtain a horizon interpretation scheme;
according to the horizon interpretation scheme, performing horizon fine interpretation on the three-dimensional seismic data volume after the structure-oriented filtering to obtain a horizon interpretation result;
the obtaining the three-dimensional volume attributes from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
performing attribute extraction processing on the three-dimensional seismic data subjected to the structure-oriented filtering to obtain the three-dimensional body attributes, wherein the three-dimensional body attributes comprise third-generation coherent body attributes, maximum positive curvature body attributes, structure tensor body attributes and ant detection body attributes;
the obtaining of the fracture interpretation result from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
performing fine interpretation of the sliding fracture according to the three-dimensional seismic data after the construction guiding filtering processing and the isochronous slice of the third generation coherent body attribute to obtain a fracture interpretation result;
the obtaining the root-mean-square attribute along the horizon from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
obtaining the along-layer root-mean-square attribute according to the three-dimensional attribute and the layer interpretation result, wherein the along-layer root-mean-square attribute comprises a third-generation coherent along-layer root-mean-square attribute, a maximum positive curvature along-layer root-mean-square attribute, an ant detection along-layer root-mean-square attribute and a structure tensor along-layer root-mean-square attribute;
the acquiring the fracture plane combination from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
acquiring the fracture plane combination according to the fracture interpretation result, the third-generation coherent edge layer root-mean-square attribute and the maximum positive curvature edge layer root-mean-square attribute;
the obtaining the remaining trend surface data according to the drilled well and the three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data comprises:
smoothing the horizon interpretation result to obtain a smooth interpretation result;
and acquiring the residual trend surface data according to the difference between the horizon interpretation result and the smooth interpretation result.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said performing a conversion process on said state data to obtain said vertical horizons comprises:
acquiring the longitudinal disconnected horizon according to the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure-oriented filtering, the third-generation coherent body attribute and the horizon interpretation result;
the converting the state data to obtain the plane extension length includes:
acquiring the distance between the starting position and the disappearing position of the walking and sliding fracture according to the fracture plane combination;
determining the plane extension length according to the distance;
the converting the state data to obtain the fracture density comprises:
acquiring the number of cracks on two sides of the sliding fracture within a preset range according to the root-mean-square attribute of the bedding;
acquiring the crack density according to the number of the cracks and the plane extension length;
the converting the state data to obtain the average breaker strip width includes:
acquiring the average fracture band width according to the root mean square attribute of the structure tensor along the layer and the three-dimensional seismic data after the structure guiding filtering;
the converting the state data to obtain the average fault distance includes:
according to the fracture interpretation result, the fracture distance of the sliding fracture is counted, and the fracture distance data of the sliding fracture is obtained;
acquiring the average fault distance according to the fault distance data;
the converting the state data to obtain the remaining trend surface type includes:
and determining the type of the residual trend surface according to the residual trend surface data, wherein the residual trend surface data is a positive value and represents an extrusion type, the residual trend surface data is a negative value and represents a tension type, and the residual trend surface data is a zero value and represents a translation type.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of quantitatively characterizing the slip fracture according to the slip fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter to obtain the fracture type comprises:
acquiring the position relation between the longitudinal disconnection layer and a hydrocarbon source rock development area;
acquiring the fracture type according to the position relation;
the step of quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain the fracture grade comprises the following steps:
carrying out quantitative characterization on the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameters to obtain a sliding fracture quantitative characterization result;
and acquiring the fracture grades according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and preset conditions, wherein the fracture grades comprise a first-level sliding fracture, a second-level sliding fracture and a third-level sliding fracture.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the obtaining the first-order slip fracture according to the slip fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset condition comprises:
the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result meets the following two or more preset conditions to determine the sliding fracture as the first-level sliding fracture,
the planar extension length is greater than 10 kilometers;
the average crushing belt width is more than 200 m;
the average breaking distance is greater than 50 meters;
the fracture density is greater than 50.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the obtaining the secondary slip fracture according to the slip fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset condition comprises:
the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result meets the following two or more preset conditions to determine the sliding fracture as the secondary sliding fracture,
the plane extension length is greater than or equal to 5 kilometers and less than or equal to 10 kilometers;
the average width of the crushing belt is more than or equal to 100 meters and less than or equal to 200 meters;
the average cross-sectional distance is greater than or equal to 30 meters and less than or equal to 50 meters;
the fracture density is greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 50.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining the three-level sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization result and the preset condition comprises:
and determining the walking fracture which does not meet the preset conditions of the first-stage walking fracture and the second-stage walking fracture as the third-stage walking fracture.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of quantitatively characterizing the step-and-slip fracture according to the step-and-slip fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter to obtain the fracture strain type segment comprises:
and obtaining the walk-slip fracture strain type subsection according to the type of the residual trend surface, wherein the extrusion type corresponds to an extrusion section, the tension type corresponds to a tension section, and the translation type corresponds to a translation section.
9. A device for quantitatively characterizing and evaluating a sliding fracture is characterized by comprising:
a state data module for obtaining state data from the drilled and three-dimensional post-stack fidelity seismic data, wherein the state data comprises: constructing three-dimensional seismic data, horizon interpretation results, three-dimensional body attributes, along-horizon root-mean-square attributes, fracture interpretation results, fracture plane combinations and residual trend surface data after guiding filtering;
a characteristic parameter module, configured to perform conversion processing on the state data to obtain a walking-sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter, where the walking-sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter includes: a longitudinal broken horizon, a plane extension length, an average fracture strip width, an average fracture distance, a crack density and a residual trend surface type;
the quantitative characterization module is used for quantitatively characterizing the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture quantitative characterization characteristic parameter to obtain a sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter, wherein the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameter comprises: segmenting fracture type, fracture grade and fracture strain type;
and the evaluation module is used for obtaining the evaluation result of the sliding fracture according to the sliding fracture evaluation characteristic parameters.
10. A walk-slip fracture quantitative characterization and evaluation device is characterized by comprising: memory, a processor and a computer program, the computer program being stored in the memory, the processor running the computer program to perform the method of any of claims 1 to 8.
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