CN113495237A - Dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing method with background magnetic field - Google Patents
Dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing method with background magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of superconduction technology and dynamics, and discloses a dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing method with a background magnetic field. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a vibration test tool on a vibration test bed; connecting the superconducting magnet with a vibration test tool through a connecting piece; connecting the background magnet with the superconducting magnet through a support rod; fixing the background magnet on the ground through a support frame; connecting the vaporizer with a refrigerating medium volatilization port of the superconducting magnet; connecting a gas flow meter with the vaporizer; refrigerating the superconducting magnet; the vibration test bed is used for generating vibration excitation and transmitting the vibration excitation to the superconducting magnet through the test tool so that the superconducting magnet does vibration motion; heating the refrigerating medium volatilized from the refrigerating medium volatilization port by using the vaporizer and outputting the heated refrigerating medium to the gas flowmeter; and detecting the flow of the heated refrigerating medium by using a gas flowmeter to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet. Thereby, the thermal load test of the superconducting magnet can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconduction technology and dynamics, in particular to a dynamic superconduction magnet thermal load testing method with a background magnetic field.
Background
The superconducting magnet has the advantages of large generated magnetic field, small volume, light weight, low loss and the like, and is often applied to the fields of ultrahigh-speed environments, such as ultrahigh-speed maglev trains, ultrahigh-speed electromagnetic ejection, high-speed three-dimensional reservoirs and the like. Taking a superconducting linear motor in an ultra-high-speed maglev train as an example, a superconducting magnet is a rotor part of the superconducting linear motor, and a magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet interacts with a magnetic field generated by a stator part of the linear motor to generate huge thrust in the superconducting magnet so that the superconducting magnet is rapidly pushed forward. In the process of rapid motion of the superconducting magnet, the superconducting magnet can be influenced by electromagnetic force fluctuation or track irregularity, the superconducting magnet can be subjected to electromagnetic or mechanical vibration of different degrees, the vibrating superconducting coil is simultaneously positioned in a background magnetic field of a stator coil of the linear motor, and the vibration of the superconducting coil is equivalent to cutting the magnetic field of the stator coil of the linear motor.
For the cooling superconducting magnet immersed in the refrigerating medium, the vibration of the superconducting coil in the background magnetic field can bring the following influences: (1) according to the magnetic flux pinning effect of the superconducting material, the superconducting coil cuts magnetic lines of force to generate alternating current loss, the volatilization of the refrigeration medium is accelerated, the larger the vibration excitation is, the faster the refrigeration medium volatilizes, and the higher the quench possibility is; (2) because the refrigerating medium has a natural liquid level, the volatilization of the refrigerating medium can be accelerated by the vibration of the superconducting magnet; (3) when the superconducting magnet is subjected to large vibration, the structural frequency response of the superconducting magnet is abnormal, even the structure is irreversibly damaged, and finally the magnet is quenched. Items (1) and (2) are the thermal load performance of the dynamic superconducting magnet, and item (3) is the structural performance of the superconducting magnet. In order to examine the thermal load performance of the superconducting magnet under vibration and a background magnetic field, verify the rationality and correctness of the heat transfer design and the structural design of the superconducting magnet and examine the volatilization condition of a refrigerating medium under vibration, a vibration test on the superconducting magnet with the background magnetic field is necessary.
At present, no description is provided in the prior art about the superconducting magnet thermal load test under vibration and with a background magnetic field. The conventional superconducting magnet thermal load test is mainly to measure the thermal load of the superconducting magnet in a static state, namely an alternating current loss test. The conventional superconducting magnet thermal load test scheme is as follows: the method comprises the steps of fixing a superconducting magnet and a coil generating a background magnetic field on a fixed tool, refrigerating and exciting the superconducting magnet, supplying power to the background magnet by using an alternating current power supply to generate an alternating magnetic field, and finally measuring the alternating current loss generated by the superconducting coil by using a four-lead method and the like.
However, the existing testing device mainly measures the ac loss of the static superconducting magnet under the external ac magnetic field. Also, the test apparatus has the following problems: (1) the thermal load of the superconducting magnet under the vibration environment and the external magnetic field environment can not be measured; (2) the structural performance of the superconducting magnet under vibration cannot be examined; (3) in a linear synchronous motor applied to an ultra-high-speed magnetic suspension system, a fundamental wave magnetic field of a stator coil of the motor and a superconducting magnet are relatively static, so that the magnetic field of the stator coil can be regarded as a direct-current field on the superconducting coil, the generated alternating-current loss is mainly caused by cutting the direct-current magnetic field due to the vibration of the superconducting coil, the existing testing device directly measures the alternating-current loss under an alternating external magnetic field, and the condition is inconsistent with the actual condition. Therefore, the existing superconducting magnet thermal load testing device is only suitable for a static superconducting magnet and is not suitable for a dynamic superconducting magnet, in particular to the fields of ultrahigh-speed magnetic suspension trains, ultrahigh-speed electromagnetic catapulting and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for testing the thermal load of a dynamic superconducting magnet with a background magnetic field, which can solve the technical problems in the prior art.
The invention provides a dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing method with a background magnetic field, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
arranging a vibration test tool on a vibration test bed;
connecting the superconducting magnet with the vibration test tool through a connecting piece;
a background magnet is connected with the superconducting magnet through a support rod, one end of the support rod is connected with the superconducting magnet, and the other end of the support rod is connected with a sliding groove arranged on the surface of the background magnet in a matching way;
fixing the background magnet on the ground through a support frame;
connecting a vaporizer with a refrigerating medium volatilization port of the superconducting magnet;
connecting a gas flow meter to the vaporizer;
refrigerating the superconducting magnet;
the vibration test table is used for generating vibration excitation and transmitting the vibration excitation to the superconducting magnet through a test tool so as to enable the superconducting magnet to do vibration motion;
heating the refrigerating medium volatilized from the refrigerating medium volatilization port in the vibration process of the superconducting magnet by using the vaporizer and outputting the heated refrigerating medium to the gas flowmeter;
and detecting the flow of the heated refrigerating medium by using the gas flowmeter to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet.
Preferably, the superconducting magnet is excited while being cooled.
Preferably, after the superconducting magnet is cooled, the superconducting magnet and the background magnet are sequentially excited.
Preferably, the vaporizer is connected to the refrigerant evaporation port via a first low temperature bellows, and the gas flow meter is connected to the vaporizer via a second low temperature bellows.
Preferably, one end of the support rod matched with the sliding groove is hemispherical, and the sliding groove is a semicircular sliding groove.
Preferably, the vibration test bed generates horizontal vibration excitation or vertical vibration excitation, and the sliding groove comprises a vertical sliding groove and a transverse sliding groove.
Preferably, the superconducting magnet and the vibration test tool are connected with the connecting piece in a threaded fit mode or in a welding mode, and the supporting rod is a telescopic supporting rod.
Preferably, the first order natural frequency of the test tool is at least 3 times or more of the first order natural frequency of the superconducting magnet.
By the technical scheme, the vibration test tool can be arranged on the vibration test table, the superconducting magnet is connected with the vibration test tool through the connecting piece, one end of the support rod is connected with the superconducting magnet, the other end of the support rod is matched and connected with a sliding groove arranged on the surface of the background magnet, the background magnet is fixed on the ground through a support frame, the vaporizer is connected with a refrigerating medium volatilization port of the superconducting magnet, the gas flowmeter is connected with the vaporizer, then the superconducting magnet can be refrigerated, and the vibration excitation is transmitted to the superconducting magnet through the test tool by using the vibration test bench so as to make the superconducting magnet perform vibration motion, and then the vaporizer can be used for heating the volatile refrigerating medium in the vibration process of the superconducting magnet, and the gas flowmeter is used for detecting the flow of the heated refrigerating medium so as to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet. Therefore, the electromagnetic and dynamic related performances of the superconducting magnet under low temperature and vibration conditions and the thermal load performance of the superconducting magnet refrigeration medium under the conditions can be examined.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing with background magnetic fields in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing system with background magnetic fields according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of background magnet excitation current versus time according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, further discussion thereof is not required in subsequent figures.
Example one
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing method with a background magnetic field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing a thermal load of a dynamic superconducting magnet with a background magnetic field, where the method includes:
s100, arranging a vibration test tool 2 on a vibration test bed 1;
s102, connecting the superconducting magnet 4 with the vibration test tool 2 through a connecting piece 3;
s104, connecting a background magnet 6 with the superconducting magnet 4 through a support rod 5, wherein one end of the support rod 5 is connected with the superconducting magnet 4, and the other end of the support rod is connected with a sliding groove arranged on the surface of the background magnet 6 in a matching manner;
s106, fixing the background magnet 6 on the ground 8 through the support frame 7;
s108, connecting the vaporizer 9 with the refrigerating medium volatilization port 11 of the superconducting magnet 4;
s110, connecting the gas flowmeter 10 with the vaporizer 9;
s112, cooling the superconducting magnet 4;
s114, generating vibration excitation by using the vibration test table 1 and transmitting the vibration excitation to the superconducting magnet 4 through the test tool 2 so as to enable the superconducting magnet 4 to do vibration motion;
s116, heating the refrigerant volatilized from the refrigerant volatilization port 11 in the vibration process of the superconducting magnet 4 by using the vaporizer 9, and outputting the heated refrigerant to the gas flow meter 10;
that is, the vaporizer can heat exchange the low-temperature refrigeration medium with air sufficiently, so as to raise the temperature of the low-temperature refrigeration medium to room temperature, and the measurement accuracy of the gas flowmeter is improved.
S118, detecting the flow rate of the heated cooling medium by using the gas flowmeter 10 to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet 4.
Namely, the indication of the gas flowmeter is used for measuring the system heat leakage under refrigeration and vibration of the superconducting magnet, and the thermal load generated by friction between the natural liquid level of the refrigeration medium and the interior of the superconducting magnet under vibration of the superconducting magnet is examined.
By the technical scheme, the vibration test tool can be arranged on the vibration test table, the superconducting magnet is connected with the vibration test tool through the connecting piece, one end of the support rod is connected with the superconducting magnet, the other end of the support rod is matched and connected with a sliding groove arranged on the surface of the background magnet, the background magnet is fixed on the ground through a support frame, the vaporizer is connected with a refrigerating medium volatilization port of the superconducting magnet, the gas flowmeter is connected with the vaporizer, then the superconducting magnet can be refrigerated, and the vibration excitation is transmitted to the superconducting magnet through the test tool by using the vibration test bench so as to make the superconducting magnet perform vibration motion, and then the vaporizer can be used for heating the volatile refrigerating medium in the vibration process of the superconducting magnet, and the gas flowmeter is used for detecting the flow of the heated refrigerating medium so as to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet. Therefore, the electromagnetic and dynamic related performances of the superconducting magnet under low-temperature (refrigeration) and vibration conditions and the thermal load performance of the superconducting magnet refrigeration medium under the conditions can be examined.
In the case of the cooling medium volatilization port, when there is a thermal load inside the superconducting magnet (i.e., heat generated by ac loss, heat generated by heat leakage of the system itself, frictional heat generated during vibration, etc.), the cooling medium inside the superconducting magnet absorbs the heat, and once the temperature reaches its phase transition point, a gasification phenomenon occurs, and the volatilized gas is discharged through the cooling medium volatilization port.
For example, when the superconducting magnet generates ac loss, it may cause the local temperature of the superconducting coil to rise, thereby causing the evaporation of the refrigerant, the vaporizer may heat the evaporated refrigerant to room temperature (300K), and the gas flow meter may measure the flow rate (volume) of the refrigerant at room temperature (300K), and since the flow rates of the refrigerant at different temperatures are different, the following ideal gas equation may be used for constraint:
PV＝nRT (1)
where P is the gas pressure, typically one standard atmosphere, V is the volume of the gas, nR is a constant, and T is the temperature.
By the formula (1), the volume of the refrigerant at a low temperature (4.2K) can be obtained from the volume of the refrigerant at 300K measured by the gas flow meter. That is, the volume measured by the gas flow meter is divided by 300 and multiplied by 4.2, so that the volume of the refrigerant medium at 4.2k can be obtained.
After the volume of the refrigeration medium at low temperature is obtained, the heat load of the system can be obtained through the vaporization latent heat of the refrigeration medium, and the system can be constrained by the following formula:
Q＝qV (2)
wherein Q is the system heat load, the unit is J, Q is the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant, and is a constant, and V is the volume of the refrigerant at low temperature, which can be calculated by formula (1).
That is, the flow rate of the cooling medium at room temperature can be measured by using the gas flow meter, the flow rate of the cooling medium at low temperature can be obtained according to the formula (1), and further the heat load of the superconducting magnet can be obtained according to the latent heat of the cooling medium by using the formula (2).
In the invention, the vibration test bed vibrates the vibration table board back and forth according to the preset direction by means of electromagnetic force, so that vibration excitation can be transmitted to the superconducting magnet through the test tool, and the superconducting magnet is vibrated. In addition, the test tool can attenuate the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet to a range which can be borne by the vibration table under the condition of ensuring that the structural strength and the vibration load transmission are not distorted.
Example two
The difference from the first embodiment is that the method according to the second embodiment excites the superconducting magnet 4 while cooling the superconducting magnet 4.
That is, in the method of the present invention, under the conditions of low temperature, excitation and vibration of the superconducting magnet, the vaporizer heats the volatilized refrigeration medium and outputs the heated refrigeration medium to the gas flow meter, and then the gas flow meter detects the flow rate of the heated refrigeration medium to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet 4 under the conditions.
Therefore, the electromagnetic and dynamic related performances of the superconducting magnet under the conditions of low temperature, excitation and vibration and the thermal load performance of the superconducting magnet refrigerating medium under the conditions can be examined.
For the superconducting magnet, special equipment can be used for refrigerating and exciting the superconducting magnet, the superconducting magnet is disconnected with the special equipment after the refrigerating and exciting are completed, and the superconducting magnet vibrates along with the test tool after the vibration excitation of the vibration test table is transmitted to the superconducting magnet.
EXAMPLE III
The difference from the first and second embodiments is that the method according to the third embodiment sequentially excites the superconducting magnet 4 and the background magnet 6 after cooling the superconducting magnet 4.
That is, in the method of the present invention, under the conditions of low temperature, excitation, vibration and back field of the superconducting magnet, the vaporizer heats the volatilized refrigeration medium and outputs the heated refrigeration medium to the gas flow meter, and then the gas flow meter detects the flow rate of the heated refrigeration medium to obtain the thermal load of the superconducting magnet 4 under the conditions.
Therefore, the electromagnetic and dynamic related performances of the superconducting magnet under the conditions of low temperature, excitation, vibration and back field and the thermal load performance of the superconducting magnet refrigeration medium under the conditions can be examined.
When the superconducting magnet and the background magnet are excited, the acting force between the superconducting magnet and the background magnet can be expressed as attraction by adjusting the current direction of the superconducting magnet or the background magnet. By arranging the supporting rod between the superconducting magnet and the background magnet, the superconducting magnet and the background magnet can be prevented from being attracted together due to overlarge attraction force. For example, the supporting rod and the superconducting magnet may be connected by a thread or welding, and the other end of the supporting rod is connected with a sliding groove on the background magnet in a matching manner. Through the supporting rod, the superconducting magnet can release risks possibly caused by attraction between the superconducting magnet and a background magnet while vibrating.
Further, in addition to the related experiments of the superconducting magnet under the low temperature (refrigeration) and vibration conditions, the superconducting magnet under the low temperature, excitation and vibration conditions and the superconducting magnet under the low temperature, excitation, vibration and back field conditions described in the first to third embodiments, the method can also be applied to vibration tests of non-refrigeration non-excitation structures, refrigeration non-excitation static thermal load tests, refrigeration excitation static thermal load tests, thermal load measurement of a superconducting magnet in a vibration environment and an external magnetic field environment at the same time, measurement of alternating current loss of the superconducting magnet in a magnetic suspension linear synchronous motor in an electromagnetic environment, measurement of alternating current loss of the superconducting magnet in an alternating magnetic field when the background magnet is introduced with alternating current and the vibration table is not opened, thermal load measurement of the superconducting magnet and the background magnet in different gaps (namely thermal load tests under different electromagnetic air gaps) and the like.
For example, for a vibration test of a non-refrigeration non-excitation structure: the test does not need refrigeration and excitation of the superconducting magnet, only needs to turn on the gain of the vibration table to carry out structural vibration of the superconducting magnet, and only examines the structural performance of the superconducting magnet at normal temperature;
for example, for a refrigeration non-excited static thermal load test: the test needs to refrigerate the superconducting magnet, does not need to excite the superconducting magnet, does not need to start a vibration table, measures the static heat leakage of the superconducting magnet under the condition of no excitation and no vibration through the indication of a gas flowmeter, and examines the system structure heat leakage of the static superconducting magnet under the condition of no excitation;
for example, for a refrigeration excitation static thermal load test: the test needs to refrigerate and excite the superconducting magnet, but the gain of the vibration table is not started, the thermal load under excitation of the superconducting magnet is measured through the reading of the gas flowmeter, and the thermal load generated by heating of the static superconducting magnet due to joints, leads and the like of the superconducting coil in an excitation state is examined.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing system with background magnetic fields according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The system shown in FIG. 2 can be obtained by steps S100-S110 in FIG. 1
The method of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the system shown in fig. 2.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the background magnet may be formed by winding a copper wire and fixed to the ground through a support bracket.
Wherein, the background magnet can generate a direct current magnetic field after being electrified with direct current, and the vibrating superconducting magnet cuts the direct current magnetic field.
Namely, the background magnet is fixed on the ground, the superconducting magnet is fixed on the vibration table through the vibration test tool, and the vibration table enables the superconducting magnet to vibrate, which is equivalent to that the superconducting magnet and the magnetic force line of the background magnet generate relative motion.
Because the superconducting magnet and the background magnet have large attraction force after flowing through, the background magnet is fixed on the ground through the support frame, and the superconducting magnet is matched with the background magnet through the support rod, so that the two magnets can be prevented from being stuck together due to overlarge attraction force. The support frame can be a movable support frame, namely the connection part with the ground is movable, so that the thermal load test of the superconducting magnet and the background magnet at different distances can be carried out.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vaporizer 9 is connected to the refrigerant medium volatilization port 11 through a first low temperature bellows 12, and the gas flow meter 10 is connected to the vaporizer 9 through a second low temperature bellows 13.
A transmission path is provided for the refrigerant medium through the first bellows and the second bellows. The length of the low temperature bellows depends on the flow rate of the refrigerant medium to be volatilized, and may be, for example, 2 to 5m, which is not limited by the present invention.
The refrigerant evaporation opening can be connected to the first low-temperature bellows, for example, by a clamp, so that the tightness can be ensured.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, one end of the first bellows 12 connected to the vaporizer 9 (i.e., a front end of the vaporizer) is provided as a heating belt.
By arranging the heating belt, the refrigerating medium can be heated to the room temperature as soon as possible.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the superconducting magnet 4 further has a cooling medium input 14, through which a cooling medium can be input to the superconducting magnet.
For example, the cooling medium input port may be a non-magnetic thin-walled tube, and when the superconducting magnet is used for cooling, a cooling medium (the cooling medium of the low-temperature superconducting magnet is generally liquid helium, and the cooling medium of the high-temperature superconducting magnet is generally liquid nitrogen) is injected into the superconducting magnet from the cooling medium input port.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the gas meter 10 is provided with a gas outlet 15 for the refrigerant medium measured by the gas meter to exit therefrom.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the test fixture 2 is in a cube or cuboid shape.
Alternatively, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the test fixture 2 is trapezoidal or triangular.
That is, can change aforementioned square or cuboid into the structure that the cross section is trapezoidal or triangle-shaped form, can reduce experimental frock quality to half original at least from this, need not to change experimental frock lower surface area simultaneously, still can guarantee joint strength.
In the case where the cross section of the test fixture 2 is triangular, the test fixture 2 may have a wedge shape, for example.
In addition, the test tool can have a certain height, so that the magnetic field of the superconducting magnet is prevented from directly influencing the vibration table.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the end of the support rod 5 that is engaged with the sliding groove is hemispherical, and the sliding groove is a semicircular sliding groove.
Therefore, the support rod can be better matched with the sliding groove while the support rod slides.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the vibration test stand produces a horizontal vibration excitation or a vertical vibration excitation.
The vibration test bed can be divided into a vertical vibration test bed and a horizontal vibration test bed according to different vibration directions, can generate vertical vibration excitation through the vertical vibration test bed, and can generate horizontal vibration excitation through the horizontal vibration test bed. The index for measuring the measuring range of the vibration test bed is thrust, the thrust is commonly used in 10t and 35t vibration test beds, and according to the F ═ ma, the thrust is related to the mass and acceleration index of the superconducting magnet (including the test tool). Under the condition that the thrust of the vibration test bed is constant, the acceleration of the test object is smaller when the mass is larger. Conversely, the mass of the test object is ensured to be small as much as possible to meet the requirement of large acceleration input.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the chute comprises a vertical chute and a transverse chute.
When the vibration test bed is used for generating horizontal vibration excitation to perform horizontal vibration test, the supporting rod is matched with the transverse sliding groove, and when the vibration test bed generates vertical vibration excitation to perform vertical vibration test, the supporting rod is matched with the vertical sliding groove.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the superconducting magnet 4 and the vibration test tool 2 are connected with the connecting piece 3 in a threaded fit manner or in a welding manner, and the supporting rod 5 is a telescopic supporting rod.
Therefore, the connection rigidity strength of the test tool and the superconducting magnet can be ensured. And the support rod adopts the telescopic support rod to play a supporting role under different distances between the superconducting magnet and the background magnet.
For example, under the same current of the background magnet, the closer the background magnet is to the superconducting magnet, the higher the magnetic field at the surface of the superconducting magnet will be, and therefore by adjusting the distance between the background magnet and the superconducting magnet, the related performance of the superconducting magnet in cutting different magnetic field amplitudes can be examined. Therefore, the telescopic supporting rod can be used for adjusting different distances, so that the relevant performance of the superconducting magnets under different magnetic field conditions can be checked.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vibration test bed 1 is made of an aluminum alloy, the test fixture 2 is made of an aluminum magnesium alloy or hard aluminum, the support rod is made of stainless steel or titanium alloy, and the first corrugated tube 12 and the second corrugated tube 13 are retractable corrugated stainless steel tubes.
The weight of the test tool can be reduced by adopting aluminum magnesium alloy or hard aluminum for the test tool.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the above description of materials is merely exemplary and not intended to limit the present invention. For example, the vibration test bed can be made of other nonmagnetic materials, the test tool can be made of other nonmagnetic materials with lower density and higher strength, and the support rod can be made of other high-strength nonmagnetic materials.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the first order natural frequency of the test tool 2 is at least 3 times or more the first order natural frequency of the superconducting magnet 4.
Therefore, resonance between the test tool and the superconducting magnet can be prevented.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the description of the shape configuration of the test fixture in the above embodiments is merely exemplary, and the present invention is not limited thereto. Any other shape configuration that meets the natural frequency requirements may be applied to the present invention.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that although the above description is directed to a superconducting magnet as a test piece, the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, any magnetic test object may use the test tool to perform a test with a background magnetic field, such as a permanent magnet, a charged conventional coil, etc. In addition, in the above embodiment of the present invention, only the case where the superconducting magnet has a magnetic field on one side is described, but the present invention is also applicable to the case of two sides, and only a test tool needs to be slightly modified (that is, a background magnet is disposed at the other end of the superconducting magnet).
The following describes some of the described dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load testing methods and systems with background magnetic field in conjunction with examples.
Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of background magnet excitation current versus time according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in FIG. 3, when 0 < t1When the current of the background magnet is 0, the superconducting magnet is not subjected to the background magnetic field at the moment, but has refrigeration, excitation and vibration, and the heat leakage of the system can be determined to be Q at the moment for a refrigeration excitation vibration heat load test1(ii) a When t is1＜t＜t2When the current of the background magnet is increased from 0 to 100A, the superconducting magnet is refrigerated, excited and vibrated at the moment and has the background magnetic field condition, and the leakage heat of the system can be calculated to be Q through a gas flowmeter for a refrigeration excitation vibration and back field thermal load test2(ii) a When t > t2When the current of the background magnet is reduced to 0 from 100A, the superconducting magnet is refrigerated, excited and vibrated, but is not influenced by the background magnetic field, and t is more than 0 and less than t1The working conditions are consistent, and for a refrigeration excitation vibration heat load test, the heat leakage of the system can be solved to be Q through a gas flowmeter3。
Ideally, Q1＝Q3And the AC loss Q of the superconducting magnet in the background magnetic field is Q2-Q1。
It can be seen from the above embodiments that the method and system for testing the thermal load of the dynamic superconducting magnet with the background magnetic field according to the present invention are suitable for testing the related performance (e.g., structural performance and thermal load) of the superconducting magnet system under various conditions, and have the advantages of complete test items, simple structure and low cost.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the orientation words such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc. are usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these orientation words do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
Spatially relative terms, such as "above … …," "above … …," "above … …," "above," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one device or feature's spatial relationship to another device or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary term "above … …" can include both an orientation of "above … …" and "below … …". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dynamic superconducting magnet thermal load test method with a background magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following steps: arranging a vibration test tool on a vibration test bed;
connecting the superconducting magnet with the vibration test tool through a connecting piece;
a background magnet is connected with the superconducting magnet through a support rod, one end of the support rod is connected with the superconducting magnet, and the other end of the support rod is connected with a sliding groove arranged on the surface of the background magnet in a matching way;
fixing the background magnet on the ground through a support frame;
connecting a vaporizer with a refrigerating medium volatilization port of the superconducting magnet;
connecting a gas flow meter to the vaporizer;
refrigerating the superconducting magnet;
the vibration test table is used for generating vibration excitation and transmitting the vibration excitation to the superconducting magnet through a test tool so as to enable the superconducting magnet to do vibration motion;
heating the refrigerating medium volatilized from the refrigerating medium volatilization port in the vibration process of the superconducting magnet by using the vaporizer and outputting the heated refrigerating medium to the gas flowmeter;
and detecting the flow of the heated refrigerating medium by using the gas flowmeter to obtain the heat load of the superconducting magnet.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet is energized while the superconducting magnet is being cooled.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the superconducting magnet and the background magnet are sequentially excited after the superconducting magnet is cooled.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the vaporizer is connected to the refrigerant medium evaporation port by a first cryobellows and the gas flow meter is connected to the vaporizer by a second cryobellows.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the end of the support rod engaged with the sliding groove is hemispherical, and the sliding groove is a semicircular sliding groove.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the vibration test stand produces a horizontal vibration excitation or a vertical vibration excitation, the chute comprising a vertical chute and a lateral chute.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the superconducting magnet and the vibration test tool are connected with the connecting piece in a threaded fit manner or in a welding manner, and the supporting rod is a telescopic supporting rod.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein a first order natural frequency of the test fixture is at least 3 times or more a first order natural frequency of the superconducting magnet.
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